History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Pavement Pre-Mock Exams 2021/2022

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
• Answer ALL the questions in section A, three questions from Section B and two questions from section C.

SECTION A (25 MARKS)
Answer ALL questions in this section

1. State Two types of monarchical governance (2 Marks)
2. Outline Two limitations of Anthropology as a source of information on History and Government. (2Marks)
3. Give Two major forms of early manuscripts (2 Marks)
4. State One physical characteristic of Homo Erectus (1 Mark)
5. Give One feature of agriculture in Britain before 1750 (1 Mark)
6. State Two advantages of the use of money over barter as a medium of exchange. (2 Marks)
7. Identify Two effects of development of railway transport in the 19th Century. (2 Marks)
8. Give Two uses of gold in the ancient Egypt (2 Marks)
9. Name the father of road construction (1Mark)
10. Identify Two Characteristics of Athens as an early urban centre (2Marks)
11. Name One historical document accepted as part of the British constitution. (1Mark)
12. Identify the chartered company that administered Northern Nigeria during colonization (1Mark)
13. Name the president of the Front for Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) in 1962 (1Mark)
14. State Main aim of 1884 -1885 Berlin conference (1 Mark)
15. Give Two weakness of schieffen plan during the World War 1. ( 2 Marks)
16. Name One country with veto powers in the United Nations Organization (1Marks)
17. Name the current secretary – General of the United Nation Organization ( 1Mark)

SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any THREE Questions from this section

18.  
    1. Give Five factors that facilitated early Agriculture in Mesopotamia (5 Marks)
    2. Discuss Five causes of food shortage in Africa today (10 Marks)
19.  
    1. State Three disadvantages of using coal ( 3 Marks)
    2. Explain Six effects of scientific invention on industry (12Marks)
20.  
    1. State Five factors that enabled Europeans to colonize Africa in the 19th Century (5Marks)
    2. Explain Five political effects of the partition of Africa. (10Marks)
21.  
    1. Identify Five conditions that one had to fulfill in order to be fully assimilated in Senegal. (5Marks)
    2. Discuss the effects of British direct rule in Zimbabwe (10 Marks)

SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Answer Any TWO questions in this section

22.  
    1. Give Three economic activities of the Baganda (3Marks)
    2. Discuss the political organization of the Shona during the pre-colonial Period (12 Marks)
23.  
    1. Name Three treaties that formed the Treaty of Versailles ( 3Marks)
    2. Explain Six reasons why the League of Nations failed to preserve world peace and security. (12 Marks)
24.  
    1. State any Three Pan- Africanist from Africa ( 3 Marks)
    2. Discuss the achievements of Pan- Africa (12 Marks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A

1. State two types of monarchical governance ( 2 Marks)
   
   • Absolute
     
   • Constitutional
2. Outline two limitations of Anthropology as a source of information on History and Government. (2Marks)
   
   • It is expensive
     
   • It is time consuming
     
   • Researchers may miss vital information as the people being studied may behave differently in the presence of researcher.
3. Give two major forms of early manuscripts ( 2 Marks)
   
   • Stone tablets
     
   • Scrolls
     
   • Parchments
4. State One physical characteristic of Homo Erectus ( 1 Mark)
   
   • Was 5 ½ ft tall
     
   • Bipedal ( walked on two limbs)
     
   • Had a long skull with protruding jaw
5. Give One feature of agriculture in Britain before 1750 (1 Marks)
   
   • Farms were not fenced /open fields
     
   • Communal land ownership
     
   • Traditional farming methods were used
     
   • Fallow system was common
     
   • Land was fragmented
     
   • Indigenous crops were mainly grown
     
   • Subsistence farming was practiced
     
   • Broadcasting method was used
     
   • Low yields
6. State two advantages of the use of money over barter as a medium of exchange.(2 Marks)
   
   • Money is lighter to transport than goods
     
   • Money is easily divisible
     
   • Money is used to determine value of goods
     
   • Money can be stored
     
   • Money is convertible into electronic devices for payment of goods.
7. Identify two effects of development of railway transport in the 19th Century. ( 2 Marks)
   
   • Led to the development of urban centres
     
   • Led to expansion of local and international trade
     
   • Created employment opportunities
     
   • Led to expansion of agriculture
     
   • Led to expansion of industries
   • Source of revenue.
8. Give two uses of gold in the ancient Egypt ( 2 Marks)
   
   • Used to make ornaments /jewellery
     
   • It was used for making decoration for houses
     
   • It was used for making utensils especially plates & vases for the rich.
     
   • It was used as currency\
     
   • Used as a trade commodity /item.
9. Name the father of road construction ( 1Mark)
   
   • John Mac Adam
10. Identify two Characteristics of Athens as an early urban centre (2Marks)
    
    • Pottery and carving, which greatly contributed to its fame.
      
    • The Parthenon ; a large temple built between 447-432 Bc in honour of goddess :Athena
      
    • The statue of Athena; which stood 40 ft in the temple and covered in gold.
      
    • Narrow streets, with which the town was lined
      
    • Houses made of unbaked bricks; most of which were grass thatched.
      
    • Frequent outbreaks of diseases due to poor sanitation.
11. Name One historical document accepted as part of the British constitution. (1Mark)
    
    • The magna carta / great charter 1251
      
    • Petition of rights 1628
12. Identify the chartered company that administered Northern Nigeria during colonization   (1Mark)
    
    • Royal Niger company
13. Name the president of the Front for Liberation of Mozambique (FRELIMO) in 1962 ( 1Mark)
    
    • Eduardo Mondlane
14. State main aim of 1884 -1885 Berlin conference ( 1 Mark)
    
    • To divide /share out Africa among European nations in a peaceful manner.
15. Give two weakness of schieffen plan during the World War 1. ( 2 Marks)
    
    • Russia mobilized her forces to be deployed in the eastern front earlier than anticipated
      
    • German invasion of Belgium was slow than anticipated which was caused by British entry into the war.
      
    • Both sides were evenly matched than the German had thought.
      
    • German forces were overconfident thus they attacked France from the east and west, creating a vacuum at the centre.
16. Name One country with veto powers in the United Nations Organization (1 Mark)
    
    • USA
      
    • Britain
      
    • France
      
    • Russia
      
    • China
17. Name the current secretary – General of the United Nation Organization ( 1Mark)
    
    • Antonio Gutterez

SECTION B – 45 MARKS

18.  
    1. Give five factors that facilitated early Agriculture in Mesopotamia ( 5Marks)
       
       • Development of transport system e.g wheel carts
         
       • Political stability
         
       • Availability of cheap labour
         
       • Availability of indigenous crops and animals
         
       • Construction of canals / bucket irrigation /dykes
         
       • Fertile soil/ silt
         
       • Water for irrigation from Tigris and Euphrates
         
       • Settlement in Summeria by people with knowledge about Agriculture.
    2. Discuss five causes of food shortage in Africa today (10 Marks)
       
       • Many parts of Africa have little or no rain over several years
         
       • The rapid population growth rate have overtaken food production
         
       • Inadequate good storage facilities cause food wastages.
         
       • Poor state of roads in many African countries hinders transportation of food.
         
       • Low prices of food stuff have discouraged farmers.
         
       • Due to crop diseases and pests which destroys food crops
         
       • Emphasis on cash crop farming at the expense of food crops
         
       • Environmental degradation through deforestation / overgrazing
         
       • civil wars in many parts have displaced people from farms
         
       • Poor food policies have discouraged farmers due to lack of incentives.
19.  
    1. State three disadvantages of using coal ( 3 Marks)
       
       • Polluted the environment
         
       • It is bulky and difficult to transport
         
       • Expensive to mine and transport
         
       • Coal mining is risky / can cause accidents
         
       • It is non- renewable.
    2. Explain six effects of scientific invention on industry (12Marks)
       
       • Led to production of goods
         
       • Led to adequate supply of goods / met demands
         
       • Invention of printing press has led to mass production of newspapers , books ,periodicals & magazines
         
       • It has revolutionized transport sector eg railway
         
       • New sources of energy led to building of new iron and steel industries.
         
       • Has created employment opportunities in industries
         
       • Production of large quantities has opened up trade due to industrial manufacture of military hardware.
         
       • Led to pollution of environment.
         
       • Automation of industries has led to loss of jobs.
20.  
    1. State five factors that enabled Europeans to colonize Africa in the 19th Century. (3Marks)
       
       • Disunity among Africans, some collaborated with Europeans
         
       • Use of the divide and rule where they played one community against another.
         
       • They used tricks / lured African chiefs with gifts
         
       • They used companies to acquire territories in Africa
         
       • Superior weapons used by European armies
         
       • African communities had been weakened by wars and natural calamities.
    2. Explain five political effects of the partition of Africa. (10Marks)
       
       • Africans lost their independence as the Europeans established colonies
         
       • African system of governments was replaced by European systems.
         
       • Modern African states were created by the boundaries drawn during partition.
         
       • African communities found themselves splits into different neighboring states without consultation.
         
       • Local rulers lost their authority to European colonial administrators
         
       • Intensification of tribal/ethnic difference eg Rwanda & Burudi.
         
       • Administrative post / forts / bases were established across the continent of Africa.
         
       • Closer ties were forged between Africans and Europeans which created over dependency.
         
       • Intensification of warfare among African communities due to the divide and rule strategy.
21.  
    1. Identify five conditions that one had to fulfill in order to be fully assimilated in Senegal.   (5Marks)
       
       • Ability to speak French
         
       • Literacy in French
         
       • Service in the French Government /Army
         
       • Had to be monogamous
         
       • Accepting Christianity
    2. Discuss the effects of British direct rule in Zimbabwe (10 Marks)
       
       • Led to massive land alienation by white settlers
         
       • It oppressed and suppressed the Africans- by white administrators
         
       • Reduced crop production due to overcrowding in reserves
         
       • Led to loss of authority and power by traditional chiefs to colonial administrators.
         
       • Eroded African culture and practices
         
       • Africans were denied their right of voting and electing representatives.
         
       • Subjected Africans to heavy taxation
         
       • Subjected Africans to forced labour, poverty, suffering and hunger.

SECTION C - 30 MARKS

22.  
    1. Give three economic activities of the Baganda (3Marks)
       
       • They practiced Agriculture
         
       • They kept livestock
         
       • They traded with their neighbors
         
       • They practiced craftsmanship
         
       • Participated in long distance trade
         
       • Practiced hunting and gathering.
    2. Discuss the political organization of the Shona during the pre-colonial Period (12 Marks)
       
       • They were ruled by a king /emperor
         
       • He was assisted by : -
         
       • The queen mother
         
       • The queen sister
         
       • Nine principal wives
         
       • The army commander
         
       • The head drummer
         
       • The head door keeper
         
       • Head cook
         
       • There was an advisory council
         
       • The emperor controlled trade activities
         
       • There was a strong standing army
         
       • The emperor was also a military leader
         
       • The emperor’s position was hereditary
         
       • They had symbols of unity
23.  
    1. Name three treaties that formed the Treaty of Versailles ( 3Marks)
       • The treaty of Versailles with Germany
       • The treaty of St Germain with Austria
       • The treaty of Neully with Bulgaria
       • The treaty of Trianon with Hungary
       • The Treaty of serves with Turkey
    2. Explain six reasons why the league of Nations failed to preserve world peace and security.  (12 Marks)
       • Weakness of the covenant in making unaminous decisions against aggressors
       • Lack of military force or wing to implement its decisions
       • Failure of USA to ratify the leagues charter and rejection of the Versailles Treaty by the USA senate.
       • Lack of sufficient funds to efficiently carry out its programmes.
       • Nationalism made the state to follow their own interests rather than global interests.
       • The league lacked adequate support since most members were guided by self interests.
       • Several major powers remained outside the league e.g USA, Germany, USSR.
       • Member’s states were timid & employed the policy of appeasement towards dictators.
       • The league was perceived by the world powers as working to benefit allied members who were dominant.
       • Its operations were hampered by the Great depression of 1929 which ravaged world economies.
       • Failure of Disarmament conference in which Germany demanded equal armament with France.
24.  
    1. State any three Pan- Africanist from Africa ( 3 Marks)
       • Jomo Kenyatta – Kenya
       • Kwame Nkrumah – Ghana
       • Peter Abraham – S.A frica
       • Nnamdi Azikiwe – Nigeria
       • Kamuzu Banda – Malawi
       • Gamal a Nasser – Egypt
       • J.K Aggrey –Ghana
       • Haile Sellasie – Ethiopia
    2. Discuss the achievements of Pan- Africa (12 Marks)
       • Enlightened black people about their shared origin hence created sense of unity.
       • Laid foundation for research of African culture , history , Music , religion , art etc
       • Nurtured nationalism in African continent and demanded for independence.
       • Encouraged black people to take pride of their culture.
       • Provided a forum where Africans discussed their problems.
       • Encourage the spirit of solidarity and made leaders more committed to issues.
       • Paved way for formation of OAU –(Organisation of African Unity).
       • Italy’s Mussolini attempt to colonize Ethiopia in 1935 was condemned in major town’s e.g. New York, London, Brussels etc. by the movement.