Biology Form 1 Topical Revision Questions and Answers (5)

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Questions per topic

Introduction to Biology Questions and Answers - Form 1 Biology Topical Revision

Write three major differences between plants and animals.
List the uses of the energy obtained from the process of respiration.
State three characteristic similar in plants and animals.
Motor vehicles move, use energy and produce carbon dioxide and water. Similar characteristics occur in living organisms yet motor vehicles are not classified as living. List other characteristics of living things that do NOT occur in motor vehicles.

Classification 1 Questions and Answers - Form 1 Biology Topical Revision

1. What is meant by the term binomial nomenclature? (1 mk)
2. Give two reasons why classification is important. (2 mks)
Explain the following terms; (3 mks)
1. Classification
2. Taxonomy
3. Binomial nomenclature.
Ascaris lumbricoides is an example of an endoparasite. The name Ascaris refers to
Black jack (Bidens pilosa) belong to the family compositae. What does pilosa stand for? (1 mk)
Define the term species. (1mk)
Distinguish between Taxonomy and taxon. (1mk)
Give two characteristics that distinguish scientific names of organisms from the ordinary names
Name the branch of Biology that deals with the study of animals
The scientific name of a rat is Rattus norvegicus
1. Write the name correctly
2. Identify the genus and species names

The Cell Questions and Answers - Form 1 Biology Topical Revision

Which organelle would be abundant in?
1. Skeletal muscle cell
2. Palisade cell
State the functions of the following organelles.
1. Lysosomes
2. Ribosomes
Name the organelles that perform each of the following functions in a cell.
1. Protein synthesis
2. Transport cell secretions
The diagram below represents a cell.
1. Name the parts labeled x and y
2. Suggest why the structures labeled x would be more on one side than the other side.
1. State the function of cristae in mitochondria (1mk)
2. The diagram below represents a cell organelle
  1. Name the part labeled Y (1mk)
  2. State the function of the part labeled X (2 mks)
1. What is the formula for calculating linear magnification of a specimen when using a hand lens? (1mk)
2. Give a reason why staining is necessary when preparing specimens for observation under the microscope. (1mk)
State three functions of Golgi apparatus. (3mks)
Name two structures found in plant cell but are absent in animals cell.
Write the adaptation and role of the following cells.
1. Nerve cell
2. Palisade cell
3. Root hair cell
4. Red blood cell
The diameter field of view of a light microscopic is 3.5mm. Plant cells lying of the diameter are 10. Determine the size of one cell microns (1mm = 1000μm)
Define the following
1. Tissue
2. Organ
3. Organ system
Name the organelles that perform each of the following functions:
1. Digestion and destruction of worn out organelles.
2. Osmoregulation
Explain why the following processes are important during the preparation of temporary slides
1. Staining
2. Use of a sharp cutting blade
In a class experiment to establish the size of an onion cell, a leaner observed the following on the microscope field of view of 4mm. If the student counted 20 cells across the diameter of this field of view, calculate the size of one cell in micrometers.
State the functions of the following cell organelles:
1. Nucleolus.
2. Plasma membrane
What is the of nucleus of a cell made up of?
1. In a laboratory exercise a student observing a drop of pond water under a microscope saw and drew a spirogyra. If the magnification of the eye-piece was x5 and that of the objective lens was x100, what was the magnification of the spirogyra?
2. If the spirogyra has a length of 5cm at the above magnification, calculate the actual length in micrometers
1. Identify the organelle shown below:-
2. How is the organelle you have identified in (a) above suited to its function
Identify the structures of the cells that perform the following functions:-
1. Synthesize ribosomes
2. Regulate exchange of substances in and out of the nucleus
1. State the roles of enzyme catalase in living cells
2. Which factor inactivates enzyme?
The figure below represents a certain cell organelle:-
1. 1. Identify the cell organelle
  2. What is the function of the part labelled A
2. Name the organelles that perform each of the following functions;
  1. Osmoregulation in amoeba
  2. Carries out digestion and destruction of worn out cell organelles
State three properties of the cell membrane
The diagram below represents a plant cell
1. Name a carbohydrate which forms part of the structure labelled S
2. State two functions of the part labelled R
3. Name two structures present in the diagram but absent in the animal cell
What do you understand by the following terms
1. Anatomy
2. Biochemistry
State the function of the following parts of a cell
1. Ribosome
2. Chloroplasts
What is the formula for calculating linear magnification of a specimen when using a hand lens
State the function of the following cell structures:-
1. Ribosome
2. Centrioles ;
What is the main structural component of:-
1. Cell wall
2. Cell membrane
The diagram below represents a cell
1. Name parts labelled X and Y
2. Suggest why the structures labelled X would be more on one side than the other
During a practical class, form fours estimated the field of view to be 3.5mm. Using the low power objective, they observed spirogyra cells across the same field of view and counted 8cells. Calculate the size of each cell and give your answer in micrometer.
Distinguish between the following terms :-
1. Magnification and resolution of a microscope
2. Mounting and staining of a specimen
Name the organelle that performs each of the following functions in a cell.
1. Transport of packaged glycoproteins
2. Destruction of worn out cell organelles
3. Synthesis of proteins
Why are the following procedures done when preparing sections to be observed under a light microscope?
1. Making of thin sections
2. Using a sharp blade to make the sections
3. Staining
What are the functions of the following parts of a light microscope?
1. Eye piece lens
2. Condenser
3. Diaphragm
Given that the diameter of the field of view of a light microscope is 2000um. Calculate the size of a cell in mm if 10 cells occupy the diameter of the field of view
State the importance of the following processes in microscopy:
1. staining
2. sectioning
A cell was found to have the following under a light microscope; cell membrane, irregular in shape, and small vacuoles. Identify the type of the cell above
State the functions of the following organelles;
1. Lysosomes
2. Golgi apparatus
State the functions of each of the following parts in a microscope.
1. The eye piece lens
2. The objective lens
The figure below represents an electron micrograph of an organelle that is found in many cells;
1. Identify the organelle
2. State the function of the organelle
3. What is the importance of infoldings in the inner membrane.
4. Give two examples of tissues where you would expect many such organelles in animal body.

Cell Physiology Questions and Answers - Form 1 Biology Topical Revision

The table below shows the concentration of some ions in pond water and in the cells sap of an aquatic plant growing in the pond.

Ions	Concentration in pond water (parts per million)	Concentration in cell sap (parts per million)
Sodium	50	30
Potassium	2	150
Calcium	1.5	1
Chloride	180	200

Name the processes by which the following ions could have been taken up by this plant. (2mks)
1. Sodium ions
2. Potassium ions
For each processes named in (a) (i) and (ii) above, state one condition necessary for the process to take place. (2mks)

Explain how water in the soil enters the root hairs of a plant. (4mks)
Explain how drooping of leaves on a hot sunny day is advantageous to a plant. (2mks)
1. What is diffusion? (2mks)
2. How do the following factors affect the rate of diffusion?
  1. Diffusion gradient (1mk)
  2. Surface area to volume ratio (1mk)
  3. Temperature (1mk)
3. Outline 3 roles of active transport in the human body (2mks)
State the importance of osmosis in plants (3mks)
An experiment was set up as shown in the diagram below.

The set up was left for 30 minutes.
1. State the expected results. (1mk)
2. Explain your answer in (a) above. (3mks)
Explain why plant cells do not burst when immersed in distilled water. (2mks)
Distinguish between diffusion and osmosis. (2mks)
Define the following terms in relation to a cell
1. Isotonic solution
2. Hypotonic solution
3. Hypertonic solution (3mks)
Addition of large amounts of salt to soil in which plants are growing kills the plants. Explain. (6mks)
Explain why
1. Red blood cells burst when placed in distilled water while plant cells remain intact.
2. Fresh water protozoa like amoeba do not burst when placed in distilled water. (2mks)
Two equal strips A and B were from a potato whose cell was 30% of sugar. The strip A was placed in a solution of 10% sugar concentration while B was placed in 50% sugar concentration
1. What change was expected in strip A and B
2. Account for the change in strip A
An experiment was set-up as shown below and left for one hour
1. State the expected result at the end of one hour
2. Explain the observations made in this experiment
State what would happen in each of the following:-
1. A plant cell placed in: -
  1. Strong salt solution
  2. Distilled water
State three physiological processes that are involved in movement of substances across the cell membrane
Potato cylinders were weighed and kept in distilled water overnight. They were then reweighed.
1. Calculate the average mass of a potato cylinders after reweighing. Show your working.
2. Explain why mass of the cylinders had increased.
The diagrams below show a red blood cell that was subjected to a certain treatment.
1. Account for the shape of the cell at the end of the experiment.
2. Draw a diagram to illustrate how a plant cell would appear if subjected to the same treatment.
The diagram below shows the results obtained when red blood cells are placed in different solutions:
1. What name is given to the process that occurs when the cell is placed in solution Y?
2. Describe the process that would occur in a plant cell when placed in a similar solution as that of solution X
The figure below shows the results obtained when red blood cells are put in different solutions:-
1. What is the name given to the process that occurs when the cell is put into solution B?
2. Compare the results obtained when the cell is put in solution B to the results that would be obtained if a plant cell was put in the same solution.

An experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of different concentrations of sodium chloride on human red blood cells. Equal amounts of blood were added to equal volumes of the salt solution but of different concentrations. The results are shown in the table below:

Set -up		Number of red blood cells
	Sodium chloride concentration	At start of experiment	At the end of the experiment
A	0.9%	Normal	No change in number
B	0.3%	Normal	Fewer in number

Account for the results in the set-up
If the experiment was repeated using 1.4% sodium chloride solution, state the expected results with reference to:
1. the number of red blood cells
2. the appearance of red blood cells if viewed under the microscope
Name support tissues in plants characterized by the following
1. Cells being turgid
2. Cells being thickened by cellulose
3. Cells being thickened by lignin

The diagram below illustrates the behaviour of red blood cells when placed into two different solutions X and Y.
1. Suggest the nature of solutions X and Y.
2. Name the process A and B.
3. What would happen to normal blood cell if it were placed in a isotonic solution.
Name two plant processes in which diffusion plays an important role.
Two fresh potato cylinders of equal length were placed one in distilled water and the other in concentrated sucrose solution:
1. Account for the change in length of the cylinder in:
  1. Distilled water
  2. Sucrose solution
2. 1. What would be the result in terms of length if a boiled potato was used?
  2. Explain your answer in(b)(i) above.
3. State two uses of the physiological process being demonstrated in the experiment
The two cells shown below are obtained from two different potato cylinders which were immersed in two different solutions P and Q.
1. 1. Name the structure labelled A.
  2. State the function of structure B.
2. If eight of cell I were observed across the diameter of the filed of view of 0.5 mm, Work out the actual diameters of each cell in micrometers.
3. Suggest the identity of the solution Q.
4. Account for the change in cell I above.
5. State any one importance of the physiological process being demonstrated above in animals.

Nutrition in Plants and Animals Questions and Answers - Form 1 Biology Topical Revision

An experiment was carried out to investigate the rate of reaction shown below.
Sucrose → Fructose + Glucose
For the products; fructose and glucose to be formed, it was found that substance K was to be added and the temperature maintained at 37⁰C. When another substance L was added, the reaction slowed down and eventually stopped.
1. Suggest the identity of substances K and L. (2mks)
  K ________________________
  L ________________________
2. Other than temperature state three ways by which the rate of reaction could be increased. (3mks)
3. Explain how substance L slowed down the reaction. (1mk)
State the role of light in the process of photosynthesis. (2mks)
Name one product of dark reaction in Photosynthesis (1mk)
State one effect of magnesium deficiency in green plants.
The graph below shows the effect of substrate concentration on the rate of enzyme reaction.
1. Account for the shape of the graph between
  1. A and B (3mks)
  2. B and C (2mks)
2. How can the rate of reaction be increased after point B? (1mk)
3. State two factors that affect the rate of enzyme reaction. (2mks)
1. State the function of co-factors in cell metabolism. (1 mk)
2. Give one example of a metallic co-factor. (1 mk)
Name two mineral elements that are necessary in the synthesis of chlorophyll. (2mks)
What is the role of the vascular bundles in plants nutrition? (3mks)
Describe what happens during the light stage of photosynthesis. (3mks)
Photosynthesis takes place in two stages.
1. Name the part of the chloroplast where
  1. Light stage occurs
  2. Dark stage occurs (2mks)
2. How is dark stage dependant on the light stage of photosynthesis? (2mks)
A solution of sugarcane was boiled with hydrochloric acid; sodium carbonate was heated with Benedict’s solution. An orange precipitate was formed.
1. Why was the solution boiled with hydrochloric acid? (1mk)
2. To which class of carbohydrates does sugarcane belong?
3. Name the type of reaction that takes place when:
  1. Simple sugars combine to form complex sugar. (1mk)
  2. A complex sugar is broken into simple sugar. (1mk)
4. State the form in which carbohydrates are stored in:
  1. Plants
  2. Animals (2mks)
1. Name structural units of lipids (1mk)
2. State three important functions of lipids in living organisms. (3mks)
The diagram below shows an experiment carried out to investigate photosynthesis in a potted plant which has been kept in the dark for 48 hours.

The setup was left in the sunshine for 6 hours. The leaf was tested for starch using iodine solution at the end of the experiment.
1. What would be the colours of the regions of the leaf marked L. M and N? (3mks)
2. What is the function of the sodium hydroxide pellets? (1mk)
1. Name the bacteria found in the root nodules of leguminous plant. (1mk)
2. State the association of the bacteria named in a) above with the leguminous plants. (1mk)
1. State the function of co-factors in cell metabolism.
2. Give one example of metallic co-factor.
Name the disease in humans that is cause by lack of vitamin C. (1mk)
Name a disease caused by lack of each of the following in human diet;
1. Vitamin D (1mk)
2. Iodine (1mk)
Explain how birds of prey are adapted to obtaining their food. (2mks)
Explain biological principles behind the preservation of meat by;
1. Salting
2. Refrigeration
3. Canning (3mks)
State one similarity and one difference between parasitic and predatory modes of feeding (3mks)
In an investigation, the pancreatic duct of a mammal was blocked. It was found that the blood sugar regulation remained normal while food digestion was impaired. Explain these observations. (3mks)
Give a reason why lack of roughage in diet often leads to constipation.
1. What does the term digestion mean? (2mks)
2. Describe how the mammalian small intestine is adapted to its function. (18mks)
State the role of vitamin C in humans. (2mks)
1. Distinguish between the terms homodont and heterodont. (1mk)
2. What is the function of carnasial teeth? (1mk)
3. A certain animal has no incisors, no canines, 6 premolars and 6 molars in its upper jaw, in the lower jaw there are 6 incisors, 2 canines, 6 premolars and 6 molars. Write its dental formula.
1. State two functions of bile juice in the digestion of food. (2mks)
2. How does substrate concentration affects the rate of enzyme action? (1mk)
Name the end-products of the light stage in photosynthesis. (2mks)
The diagram below represents a section through a human tooth.
1. 1. Name the type of tooth shown.
  2. Give a reason for your answer in (a) (i) above. (1mk)
2. State a factor that denatures enzymes. (1mk)
1. Name a fat soluble vitamin manufactured by the human body. (1mk)
2. State two functions of potassium ions in the human body. (2mks)
1. The action of ptyalin stops at the stomach. Explain. (1mk)
2. State a factor that denatures enzymes. (1mk)
3. Name the features that increase the surface area of small intestines. (2mks)
Define the following terms (5mks)
1. Ingestion
2. Digestion
3. Absorption
4. Assimilation
5. Egestion
Explain the role of the following organs in the digestion of food in a mammal.
1. Salivary glands
2. Pancrease
3. Liver (3mks)
State any three functions of the mucus, which is secreted along the wall of the alimentary canal. (3mks)
Explain why the digestion of starch stops after food enters the stomach. (3mks)
Give an account of the adaptation of a named herbivore to its mode of feeding. (3mks)
What are the contents of gastric juice and what is their role in digestion. (6mks)
Liver damage leads to impaired digestion of fats . Explain the statement. (3mks)
For each of the following nutrients give one example of a good source and one example of its role in the body.

Nutrient Food source Role in the body

Vitamin A

Iron

Iodine

Vitamin D

Protein

(10mks)