SECTION A : 30 MARKS
- Name three types of specialized feeding carried out in livestock management (1½ mks)
- Name two methods used in ration formulation (1mk)
- Name the breed of sheep adapted to wet and marshy conditions of the Kenyan highlands (1mk)
- Give two reasons for throwing grains to poultry on the litter in a deep litter poultry house (1mk)
- What are the terms used to describe the young ones of the following livestock (2mk)
- Rabbits
- Fish
- Goat
- Donkey
- Name the causal organisms of the following diseases in livestock (2mk)
- Anthrax
- Rift Valley fever
- Anaplasmosis
- Milk fever
- State four management practices carried out in sheep during preparation for tupping (2mks)
- Name three plumbing tools in a farm (1½mks)
- Name two exotic breeds of dairy goats (1mk)
- Name four advantages of natural methods of rearing calves (2mks)
- Give four disadvantages of using thatch in construction of farm buildings (2mks)
- State four factors that determine digestibility of a feed (2mks)
- Give any two measures that should be taken to control tapeworms in livestock (1mk)
- Give four reasons why the lubrication system is important in a tractor (2mks)
- Name three dual purpose sheep breeds (1½mks)
- Name two groups into which vitamins are classified (1mk)
- State four ways in which power transmitted from the engine is made available for use (2mks)
- State four cultural uses of livestock (2mks)
- Name three enzymes contained in the pancreatic juice (1½mks)
SECTION B : 20MARKS
- Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
- Name the practice illustrated above (1mk)
- Name the type of method illustrated above (1mk)
- Give the identification number of the pig illustrated above (1mk)
- Using a diagram, illustrate how animal number 85 can be identified using the above diagram (2mks)
- The diagrams below show the behavior of chicks in a brooder in response to heat
- Explain the behavior of chicks in the brooder (4mks)
- Explain why the brooder is rounded (1mk)
- The diagram below shows an external parasite in livestock
- Identify the parasite (1mk)
- State two effects of the parasite in cattle (2mks)
- Give two control measures of the parasite (2mks)
- Study the following tools and equipment then answer the questions that follow:
- Identify the tools labeled W, X and Y (3mks)
- State the function of the tool labeled W (1mk)
- State one maintenance practice carried out on tool Y (1mk)
SECTION C: 40MARKS
-
- Discuss anthrax disease under the following sub headings:
- Animals affected (1mk)
- Causal organism (1mk)
- Symptoms observed in affected animals (4mks)
- Control measures (4mks)
-
- State four problems associated with artificial methods of service in cattle production (4mks)
- Give six factors that affect productivity of draught animals (6mks)
- Discuss anthrax disease under the following sub headings:
-
- Discuss any six sources of power on the farm (12mks
- Discuss the components that make up the power transmission mechanism of a tractor (8mks
-
- Describe any five general effects of parasites on livestock (10mks)
- Outline the general characteristics of beef cattle breeds (10mks)
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A : 30 MARKS
- Name three types of specialized feeding carried out in livestock management (1½ mks)
- Creep feeding
- Flushing
- Steaming up
- Name two methods used in ration formulation (1mk)
- Trial and error
- Pearson’s square method
- Name the breed of sheep adapted to wet and marshy conditions of the Kenyan highlands (1mk)
- Romney Marsh/ kent
- Give two reasons for throwing grains to poultry on the litter in a deep litter poultry house (1mk)
- To help them turn the litter to keep it dry
- To keep the poultry
- What are the terms used to describe the young ones of the following livestock (2mk)
- Rabbits : Kindling
- Fish : Fingerlings
- Goat : Kid
- Donkey : Foal
- Name the causal organisms of the following diseases in livestock (2mk)
- Anthrax Bacteria/ Bacillus anthracis
- Rift Valley fever Virus
- Anaplasmosis Protozoan /Anaplasma marginale
- Milk fever Lack of calcium and phosphorus
- State four management practices carried out in sheep during preparation for tupping (2mks)
- Crutching/ Barling /tagging
- Raddling
- Hoof trimming
- Ringing
- Name three plumbing tools in a farm (1½mks)
- Stock and die
- Pipe wrench
- Pipe cutter
- Name two exotic breeds of dairy goats (1mk)
- Toggenburg
- Saanen
- Jamnapari
- Anglo nubian
- Name four advantages of natural methods of rearing calves (2mks)
- Calf takes milk at body temp
- Milk is free from contamination
- Problems of scouring are minimised
- Gets adequate milk for its nutritional requirements
- Give four disadvantages of using thatch in construction of farm buildings (2mks)
- Harbors vermin
- Catches fire easily
- Requires regular maintenance
- Rots easily
- Can leak easily if not well placed
- State four factors that determine digestibility of a feed (2mks)
- Animal species
- Chemical composition of the feed
- Form in which feed is given to the animal
- Quantity of food already present in the digestive system of the animal
- Energy to protein ratio in the feed
- Give any two measures that should be taken to control tapeworms in livestock (1mk)
- Proper meat inspection
- Proper disposal of infected carcass
- Routine deworming of livestock
- Rotational grazing
- Proper disposal of humn waste
- Proper cooking of meat
- Give four reasons why the lubrication system is important in a tractor (2mks)
- Increases efficiency
- Reduces heat
- Acts as a cleaning agent
- Prevents rusting of stationary machines
- Reduces wear and tear of moving parts
- Name three dual purpose sheep breeds (1½mks)
- Romney marsh
- Hampshire down
- Corriedale
- Name two groups into which vitamins are classified (1mk)
- Water soluble
- Fat soluble
- State four ways in which power transmitted from the engine is made available for use (2mks)
- Propeller shaft
- Power take off shaft
- Hydraulic system
- Draw bar
- State four cultural uses of livestock (2mks)
- Status symbol
- Medium of exchange
- Social ceremonies
- Recreational purposes
- Name three enzymes contained in the pancreatic juice (1½mks)
- Pancreatic amylase
- Lipase
- Trypsin
SECTION B : 20MARKS
- Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
- Name the practice illustrated above (1mk)
Identification - Name the type of method illustrated above (1mk)
Ear notching - Give the identification number of the pig illustrated above (1mk)
110 - Using a diagram, illustrate how animal number 85 can be identified using the above diagram (2mks)
- Name the practice illustrated above (1mk)
- The diagrams below show the behavior of chicks in a brooder in response to heat
- Explain the behavior of chicks in the brooder (4mks)
A: There is draught from the side directly opposite to where the chicks crowd
B: Too much heat in the brooder making the chicks to move away
C: Correct temperature chicks evenly spread out in the brooder
D: Very cold, the chicks crowd around the heat source to get warmth - Explain why the brooder is rounded (1mk)
To avoid overcrowding at one point which may lead to suffocation
- Explain the behavior of chicks in the brooder (4mks)
- The diagram below shows an external parasite in livestock
- Identify the parasite (1mk)
Tse tse fly - State two effects of the parasite in cattle (2mks)
Transmits tryponosomiasis
Sucks blood leading to anaemia
Bites cause damage to skins and hide - Give two control measures of the parasite (2mks)
Bush clearing
Spraying with suitable insecticides
Use of flytraps
Use sterilizing agents on males
- Identify the parasite (1mk)
- Study the following tools and equipment then answer the questions that follow:
- Identify the tools labeled W, X and Y (3mks)
W – plumb bob/plumb line
X – cross pein hammer
Y – hypodermic needle and syringe - State the function of the tool labeled W (1mk)
checking the vertical straightness of a wall - State one maintenance practice carried out on tool Y (1mk)
Cleaning and sterilizing
Proper storage
- Identify the tools labeled W, X and Y (3mks)
SECTION C : 40MARKS
-
- Discuss anthrax disease under the following sub headings:
- Animals affected -cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, camels, donkeys (2 x ½)
- Causal organism- bacillus anthracis/ bacteria (x 1)
- Symptoms observed in affected animals
- Lack of blood clotting
- Extensive bloating
- Blood stained diarrhea and milk
- High and sudden fever
- Sudden death
- Carcass lacks rigor mortis
- Production of tar like blood from oral openings
- Control measures
- Vaccinate with blanthrax
- Proper disposal of carcass
- Avoid contact with the carcass
- Disinfect the area of death and burial (1 x4)
-
- State four problems associated with artificial methods of service in cattle production
- Expensive
- Requires highly trained manpower
- Requires special storage facilities
- Laborious
- May not be accurate
- Bad traits spread very fast (1 x4)
- Give six factors that affect productivity of draught animals
- Weather conditions
- Health status of the animal
- Level of training
- Proper harnessing
- Proper feeding
- Proper loading
- Physiological conditions of the animal e.g. pregnancy
- Proper maintenance of the implement
- Level of fatigue
(1 x6)
- State four problems associated with artificial methods of service in cattle production
- Discuss anthrax disease under the following sub headings:
-
- Discuss any six sources of power on the farm (12mks)
- Human power: limited to very light tasks with quality of work produced being low
- Animal power: employs use of animals, e.g. donkeys, to provide power for cultivation and transportation
- Wind power: provides power for light jobs on the farm. It is limited by unrealibity in direction, strength and availability
- Solar radiation: is the radiant energy from the sun and it can be used in different ways
- Biomass: employs the use of biogas, wood or charcoal
- Electrical power: obtained from geothermal, water, nuclear or storage battery. Is used for different tasks on the farm.
- Fossil fuel: employs use of petroleum, coal or natural gasses.
(6x2)
- Discuss the components that make up the power transmission mechanism of a tractor
- Propeller shaft: connects gear box to the differential
- Power take off shaft: transports power to other implements connected to it, e.g. mowers
- Hydraulic system: raises or lowers the mounted implements
- Draw bar: helps in attaching trailed implements e.g. harrows
- Discuss any six sources of power on the farm (12mks)
-
- Describe any five general effects of parasites on livestock
- Sucking blood: some parasites suck blood from their hosts leading to anaemic conditions and death.
- Eating food intended for livestock: this can lead to malnutrition and weakness in the host.
- Causes obstruction: internal parasites block the alimentary canal which can lead to death
- Transmission of disease: can cause death or lower production in livestock
- Irritation to animals: some parasites make animals uncomfortable
- Damage to internal tissues and organs preventing proper functioning of the organs
- Outline the general characteristics of beef cattle breeds
- Block in shape
- Deep, well fleshed body
- Grow fast leading to early maturity
- Efficient in food conversion
- Maintain good weight even during drought
- Good foragers
- More tolerant to high temperature
- Breed regularly
- More resistant to diseases
- Have short, strong legs
- Describe any five general effects of parasites on livestock
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