Questions
Instructions To The Candidates
- This paper consist of three sections; A, B and C
- Answer All the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C
SECTION A (25 Marks)
Answer All questions in this section in the answer booklet provided.
- Give two classifications of the sources of information on History and Government (2mks)
- Identify any two coastal Bantus in Kenya (2mks)
- What is the significance of Eunoto ceremony among the Maasai (1mk)
- State two similarities in the political organization of the Somali and the Borana during the pre- colonial period (2mks)
- Name two treaties that were signed to end slave trade along the East African coast (2mks)
- Identify one technological factor which facilitated the coming of early visitors to the Kenyan coast before 1500 AD (1mk)
- State two circumstances under which citizenship by birth may be revoked. (2mks)
- Mention one political cause of conflicts in the society today (1mk)
- State two challenges encountered during the constitution making process in Kenya (2mks)
- Name the commission that monitors the rights and freedoms of Kenya citizens (1mk)
- Give the strategic factor that led to the scramble and partition of East Africa (1mk)
- Name the two sections of the Luo who collaborated with the British (2mks)
- Give two ways in which African migration to the urban centers was controlled by the colonial government. (2mks)
- State one similar grievance of the Taita Hills Association and Ukamba Members Association (1mk)
- Identify one court in Kenya that exercises both original and appellate jurisdiction (1mk)
- State one way in which the Kenyan Government has promoted Music and dance in Kenya (1mk)
- Identify one independent office that monitors expenditure of public finance in Kenya (1mk)
SECTION B: (45 Marks)
Answer any three questions from this section in the answer booklet provided.
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- State five reasons for the migration of Highland Nilotes into Kenya (5mks)
- Describe the social organization of the Borana during the pre-colonial period. (10mks)
-
- State three reasons why the Akamba participated in the long distance trade. (3mks)
- Explain six effects of slave trade on the Africans along the East African Coast. (12mks)
-
- Give three roles of Mekatilili wa Menza in the Agiriama resistance (3mks)
- Explain six reasons why armed resistance in Kenya failed. (12mks)
-
- State three characteristics of independent churches and schools in Kenya (3mks)
- Explain six roles played by African Elected Members Organization (AEMO) on the struggle for independence in Kenya(12mks)
SECTION C: (30 marks).
Answer any two questions from this section in the answer booklet provided.
-
- Give three categories of persons in Kenya who are entitled to special rights in Kenya. (3mks)
- Explain limitations of any six rights and freedoms of Kenya citizens (12mks)
-
- Give five reasons why parliament is supreme in Kenya (5mks)
- Explain five reforms that have been undertaken to improve conditions of correctional service in Kenya (12mks)
-
- State five challenges encountered by the Kenyan Government during revenue collection (5mks)
- Explain five functions of county governments in Kenya (10mks)
Marking Scheme
- Give two classifications of the sources of information on History and Government
- Unwritten sources
- Written sources
- Electronic sources (2x1=2mks)
- Identify any two coastal Bantus in Kenya
- Mijikenda
- Pokomo
- Taita(2x1=2mks)
- What is the significance of Eunoto ceremony among the Maasai
- It marked the graduation of the Morans into junior elders (1x1=1mk)
- State two similarities in the political organization of the Somali and the Borana during the pre- colonial period
- Both were divided into clans
- Both had the council of elders who performed many functions
- Both had age-set system to provide warriors
- Both had decentralized system of government (2x1=2mks)
- Name two treaties that were signed to end slave trade along the coast of East African coast
- Moresby treaty
- Hammerton Treaty
- Frere Treaty (2x1= 2mks)
- Identify one technological factor which facilitated the coming of early visitors to the Kenyan coast before 1500 AD
- Marine technology (Ship building, map reading, compass reading )(1x1=1mk)
- State two circumstances under which citizenship by birth may be revoked.
- If its proven that citizenship was acquired through fraud
- If its discovered that a person was older than 8 years when found in Kenya
- If the nationality/parentage of the citizen becomes known and reveals that the person is a citizen of another country (2x1=2mks)
- Mention one political cause of conflict in the society today
- Different political ideology
- Party membership
- Denying citizens their rights
- Electoral irregularities (1x1=1mk)
- State two challenges encountered during the constitution making process in Kenya
- Political interference
- Inadequate civic education to the citizens
- Inadequate funds to facilitate the exercise
- Few constitutional experts (2x1=2mks)
- Name the commission that monitors the rights and freedom of Kenya citizens
- The Kenya National Human Rights and Equality Commission (KNHREC) (1x1=1mk)
- Give the strategic factor that led to the scramble and partition of East Africa
- The British wanted to protect the source of R. Nile (1x1=1mk)
- Name the two sections of the Luo who collaborated with the British
- Luo of Gem
- Luo of Asembo(2x1=2mks)
- Give two ways in which African migration to the urban centers was controlled by the colonial government.
- Introduction of the Kipande system
- Head count for those living in urban centers
- Enacting strict rules in migration to urban centers (2x1=2mks)
- State one similar grievance of the Taita Hills Association and Ukamba Members Association
- Were against destocking policy
- Resented land alienation
- Protested against forced labour
- They resented taxation (1x1=1mk)
- Identify one court in Kenya that exercises both original and appellate jurisdiction
- High court
- Supreme court(1x1=1mk)
- State one way in which the Kenyan Government has promoted Music and dance in Kenya
- It has fought piracy
- It has encouraged people to participate in national/ annual music events
- Allocates royalties / funds to musicians
- Training of traditional dances at Bomas of Kenya (1x1=1mk)
- Identify one independent office that monitors expenditure of public finances in Kenya
- The office of the controller of budget
- Office of the auditor General (1x1=1mk)
-
- State five reasons for the migration of Highland Nilotes into Kenya
- In search for land for cultivation
- Were escaping drought and famine
- Population pressure
- Outbreak of diseases and epidemics
- Spirit of adventure
- Internal feuds
- External attacks/ conflicts (5mks)
- Describe the social organization of the Borana during the pre-colonial period.
- The Smallest social unit was a family
- Related families formed a clan
- They practiced polygamous and exogamous marriage
- They believed in a supreme being called Wak/Waq
- They circumcised both boys and girls to form age sets
- Division of labor was done based on gender
- They had religious specialists such as medicinemen, priests and prophets
- Their system of inheritance was patrilineal
- They had social ceremonies and rituals eg butta and muda (5x2=10mks)
- State five reasons for the migration of Highland Nilotes into Kenya
-
- State three reasons why the Akamba participated in the long distance trade.
- Geographical position i.e it was centrally placed between the coast and the interior
- Most parts of Ukambani were dry forcing them to engage into trade
- They were good hunters and gatherers hence were able to get trade goods
- Presence of able leaders like chief Kivoi who organized caravans.
- They had trade links with their neighbors in Agikuyu, Maasai etc hence were able to get trade goods. (3x1=3mks)
- Explain six effects of slave trade on the Africans along the East African Coast.
- Untold suffering and misery as families were separated
- Led to depopulation in the interior
- It caused fear and suspicion among communities
- It increased warfare due to raids
- It undermined traditional industries
- It led to the establishment of freed slave centers eg Frere town (6x2= 12mks)
- State three reasons why the Akamba participated in the long distance trade.
-
- Give three roles of Mekatilili wa Menza in the Agiriama resistance
- Administered oaths to unite the people
- Presented Agiriama grievances to the British
- Rallied people together against a common enemy
- Highlighted the role of women in the struggle for independence(3x1=3mks)
- Explain six reasons why armed resistance in Kenya failed.
- Inferior weapons
- Disunity among African communities
- Africans were weakened by natural calamities
- Civil wars among Africans weakened them
- Africans had weak and untrained Army
- British got reinforcement from other communities / some communities collaborated(6x2=12mks)
- Give three roles of Mekatilili wa Menza in the Agiriama resistance
-
- State three characteristics of independent churches and schools in kenya
- Accommodated African culture
- Valued Christianity and western education but were against western influence
- Were led by mission educated Africans
- They worked closely with African political Associations (3x1=3mks)
- Explain six roles played by African Elected Members Organization (AEMO)on the struggle for independence in Kenya
- They fought for the release of detained nationalists
- Provided political education throughout the country
- Presented African grievances to the colonial government eg welfare
- Participated in the drafting of the independence constitution
- Formed national wide political parties ie KANU and KADU that led Kenya to independence
- Provided training grounds for future leaders ie Kenyatta and Mboya (Any 6x2=12mks)
- State three characteristics of independent churches and schools in kenya
-
- Give three categories of persons in Kenya who are entitled to special rights in Kenya.
- Children
- Youth
- Elderly/ Older persons
- Persons with disabilities
- The marginalized and minorities
- Rights of arrested persons
- Rights of persons detained, held in custody or imprisoned (Any 3x1=3mks)
- Explain limitations of any six rights and freedoms of Kenya citizens
- Right to life can be lost during self defense
- Freedom of movement can be limited one has a contagious disease
- Right to own property can be denied if its owned sing fraud means
- Freedom of speech is denied when one uses hate speech or spreads propagandafor war or publishes obscene materials
- Right to a family can be limited if he or she marries an under age person/ same sex marriages
- Freedom of conscience, religion and belief can be denied if one uses it for radicalization or incite people against the government.
(Any 6x2=12mks)
- Give three categories of persons in Kenya who are entitled to special rights in Kenya.
-
- Give five reasons why parliament is supreme in Kenya
- Is the only body that makes and amends laws in Kenya
- Can remove the president from office by impeachment
- Can limit the powers of the executive by moving a vote of no confidence in a CS
- Sermons the Cs to give account and regular reports on the department to the parliament
- Approves the government’s budget
- All bills prepared by the cabinet must be legislated by parliament (Any 5x1=5mks)
- Explain five reforms that have been undertaken to improve conditions of correctional service in Kenya
- Better food and medical services
- Sufficient bedding and clothing
- Provision of efficient transport eg new vehicles
- Encourage direct involvement of the government in the affairs of the correctional services
- Release of petty offenders/ death row inmates who have been in jail for more years and have changed their behavior.
- Speeding up of hearing of cases to keep inmates in reminds for a shorter time
- Allowing visits by family members (Any 6x2=12mks)
- Give five reasons why parliament is supreme in Kenya
-
- State five challenges encountered by the Kenyan Government on revenue collection
- Tax evasion
- False information and documentation on taxes
- Corrupt tax collectors
- Some Kenyans keep their money in the offshore accounts e.g Swiss banks.
- Large population of Kenyans are poor hence cannot afford to pay taxes
- Uncertainty of some taxes e.g VAT
- Inefficient tax collection structures/ systems
- There is too much conditions attached to external sources like loans. (Any 5x1=5mks)
- Explain five functions of county government in Kenya
- Promotion of Agriculture
- Provision of county health services
- Regulating pollution
- Facilitating cultural activities, entertainment and amenities
- Provision of county transport ig roads and street lights
- Ensure animal control and welfare
- Promoting trade within the county.
- Facilitation of county planning and development
- Handles disaster management
- Promote and regulate education ie pre-primary, polytechnics and child care levels
- Controlling drug abuse and pornography
- Implementing policies on natural resources and environmental conservation. (Any 5x2=10mks)
- State five challenges encountered by the Kenyan Government on revenue collection
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