Geography Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Moi Kabarak High School Mock 2020/2021

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INSTRUCTIONS TO STUDENTS

  • This paper has two sections A and B
  • Answer ALL the questions in section A. In section B answer questions 6 and any other TWO questions.

SECTION A
Answer all the questions in this section.

  1. The diagram below represents the internal structure of the earth. Use it to answer question (a).
             Diagram of internal structure of the earth
    1. Name the parts marked M and N.   (2 marks)
    2. State three characteristics of the mantle.       (3 marks)
  2. The table below shows the temperature and rainfall readings for a station X in one week. Use it to answer the questions that follow.
     Weeks   Mon   Tue   Wed   Thur   Fri    Sat   Sun 
     Temp °C   20  21   25   22  23  23   21
     Rainfall (mm)   50  45   52   45  55  55   43

    1. Calculate;
      1. The range of temperature for the week.    (1 mark)
      2. The mean weekly rainfall.        (1 mark)
    2. State three characteristics of weather in station X.          (3 marks)
  3. The diagram below represents zones of natural vegetation on a mountain in Africa. Use it to answer question (a).
             diagram representing zones of natural vegetation
    1. Name the type of vegetation found in the zones marked X and Y. (2 marks)
    2. State three characteristics of the tropical rainforest.    (3 marks)
  4. Describe how a yardang is formed.     (6 marks)
  5. State four characteristics of karst scenery.      (4 marks)

SECTION B 
Answer question 6 and any other TWO questions from this section.

  1. Study the map of Yimbo 1:50,000 (sheet 115/1) provided and answer the following questions. 
    1.  
      1. Give the longitudinal extent of the area covered by the map. (2 marks)
      2. What is the bearing of the Air Photo Principal point at grid square 3282 from the air photo principal point at grid square 3887? (2 marks)
      3. What is the length in kilometers of the All-weather road loose surface (C 506) from the road junction at grid square 3082 to the eastern edge of the map? (2 marks)
    2. Draw a rectangle 18cm by 12cm to represent the area enclosed by Eastings 30 and 39 and Northing 90 and 96.
      On the rectangle, mark and name the following;     (5 marks)
      1. All weather loose surface road C501/2
      2. River Yala
      3. Usengi Hill
      4. Thicket
    3.  
      1. Identify two methods used to represent relief on the map. (2 marks)
      2. Describe the relief of the area covered by the map. (5 marks)
    4.  
      1. Give three types of natural vegetation found to the West of easting 20.    (3 marks)
      2. Citing evidence from the map, explain iwo factors that favour trading in the area covered by the map.    (4 marks)
  2.  
    1.  
      1. Describe the following characteristics of minerals.
        • Texture   (1 mark)
        • Tenacity        (1 mark)
        • Colour       (1 mark)
      2. Describe how extrusive igneous rocks are formed.   (5 marks)
    2. State three characteristics of igneous rocks.     (3 marks)
    3. Explain three economic significance of rocks in Kenya.     (6 marks)    
    4. Students carried out field study on rocks around their school.
      1. State two importance of stating the objectives for the study. (2 marks)
      2. Give three reasons why they prepared a route map of the study area.    (3 marks)
      3. Give three activities that the students were involved in during the field study.  (3 marks)
  3.  
    1.  
      1. What is faulting?   (2 marks)
      2. Give three types of faults.     (3 marks)
    2. Using well labelled diagrams, describe how the Rift Valley is formed by compressional forces.
      (7 marks)
    3. Use the map of Kenya below to answer the questions that follow.
             map of kenya diagram
      Name;
      1. The lakes marked Q and R.   (2 marks)
      2. The mountain marked S.    (1 mark)
      3. The river marked T.      (1 mark)
    4. Explain three negative effects of faulting.   (6 marks)
    5. Form four students carried out a field study on a faulted landscape. Give three advantages of using observation as a method of collecting data. (3 marks)
  4.  
    1.  
      1. Differentiate between weathering and mass wasting.   (2 marks)
      2. Explain two ways in which plants cause weathering.    (4 marks)
    2. Describe each of the following physical weathering processes.
      1. Crystal growth     (4 marks)
      2. Block disintegration.    (4 marks)
    3. Explain how the following factors influence weathering.
      1. Rock texture.    (2 marks)
      2. Topography     (2 marks)
    4. The diagram below represents a landscape affected by mass wasting. Use it to answer questions (i) and (iii).
               diagram on landscape affected by mass wasting
      1. Name the type of mass wasting shown above.    (1 mark)
      2. State three conditions which may influence the occurrence of the mass wasting above.
        (3 marks)
      3. State three negative effects of the above form of mass wasting on the human environment.   (3 marks)
  5.  
    1.  
      1. Distinguish between an ice sheet and ice cap.   (2 marks)
      2. Describe two ways through which ice moves.    (4 marks)
    2. Explain three factors that influence glacial deposition.    (6 marks)
    3. Study the diagram below showing features in a glaciated upland region. Use it to answer the questions that follow,
               photo of features in glaciated upland region
      1. Name the types moraines marked X, Y and Z.    (3 marks)
      2. Describe how an arête is formed.     (4 marks)
      3. Explain the significance of upland glaciated features to human activities.    (6 marks)


Marking scheme

SECTION A
Answer all the questions in this section.

  1. The diagram below represents the internal structure of the earth. Use it to answer question (a).
             Diagram of internal structure of the earth
    1. Name the parts marked M and N.   (2 marks)
    2. State three characteristics of the mantle.       (3 marks)
  2. The table below shows the temperature and rainfall readings for a station X in one week. Use it to answer the questions that follow.
     Weeks   Mon   Tue   Wed   Thur   Fri    Sat   Sun 
     Temp °C   20  21   25   22  23  23   21
     Rainfall (mm)   50  45   52   45  55  55   43

    1. Calculate;
      1. The range of temperature for the week.    (1 mark)
      2. The mean weekly rainfall.        (1 mark)
    2. State three characteristics of weather in station X.          (3 marks)
  3. The diagram below represents zones of natural vegetation on a mountain in Africa. Use it to answer question (a).
             diagram representing zones of natural vegetation
    1. Name the type of vegetation found in the zones marked X and Y. (2 marks)
    2. State three characteristics of the tropical rainforest.    (3 marks)
  4. Describe how a yardang is formed.     (6 marks)
  5. State four characteristics of karst scenery.      (4 marks)

SECTION B 
Answer question 6 and any other TWO questions from this section.

  1. Study the map of Yimbo 1:50,000 (sheet 115/1) provided and answer the following questions. 
    1.  
      1. Give the longitudinal extent of the area covered by the map. (2 marks)
      2. What is the bearing of the Air Photo Principal point at grid square 3282 from the air photo principal point at grid square 3887? (2 marks)
      3. What is the length in kilometers of the All-weather road loose surface (C 506) from the road junction at grid square 3082 to the eastern edge of the map? (2 marks)
    2. Draw a rectangle 18cm by 12cm to represent the area enclosed by Eastings 30 and 39 and Northing 90 and 96.
      On the rectangle, mark and name the following;     (5 marks)
      1. All weather loose surface road C501/2
      2. River Yala
      3. Usengi Hill
      4. Thicket
    3.  
      1. Identify two methods used to represent relief on the map. (2 marks)
      2. Describe the relief of the area covered by the map. (5 marks)
    4.  
      1. Give three types of natural vegetation found to the West of easting 20.    (3 marks)
      2. Citing evidence from the map, explain iwo factors that favour trading in the area covered by the map.    (4 marks)
  2.  
    1.  
      1. Describe the following characteristics of minerals.
        • Texture   (1 mark)
        • Tenacity        (1 mark)
        • Colour       (1 mark)
      2. Describe how extrusive igneous rocks are formed.   (5 marks)
    2. State three characteristics of igneous rocks.     (3 marks)
    3. Explain three economic significance of rocks in Kenya.     (6 marks)
      • Some rocks such as granite, volcanic plugs may form attractive sceneries which attract tourists promoting tourism.
      • Rocks provide the parent materials through weathered rocks especially volcanic rocks forming fertile. Volcanic soils for agricultural production.
      • Some rocks such as sandstone and limestone are used in building and construction industry.
      • Some rocks such as limestone are used as raw materials in the manufacture of cement. 
      • Some rocks contain valuable minerals which are mined.
      • Impermeable rocks act as storage for underground water which can be tapped to supply water for domestic and industrial use.
      • Some rocks such as rock salt are source of food.
    4. Students carried out field study on rocks around their school.
      1. State two importance of stating the objectives for the study. (2 marks)
        • It directs on the actual activities to be carried out during the study.
        • They guie on the possible areas of data collection.
        • They give the aims/purpose for carrying out the study.
        • They guide on the appropriate methods /tools for data collection. 
      2. Give three reasons why they prepared a route map of the study area.    (3 marks)
        • To identify the direction they would take.
        • To show the features/rocks they are likely to see.
        • To help estimate the distance to be covered
        • To help estimate the time to be taken.
        • To help make/prepare time schedule.
      3. Give three activities that the students were involved in during the field study.  (3 marks)
        • Data collection/taking photographs/filming/videoing
        • Data recording/taking notes/tallying/sketching.
        • Collecting rock samples
        • Classifying the collected rock samples.
        • Labelling of collected rock samples.
        • drawing of sketches /diagrams
        • Administering questionnaires
        • Filling in questionnaires
        • Telling texture
        • Breaking rocks
  3.  
    1.  
      1. What is faulting?   (2 marks)
        • The fracturing/breaking of the rocks of the earth's crust due to tectonic forces.
      2. Give three types of faults.     (3 marks)
        • Normal fault
        • Reverse fault
        • Tear/slip/shear/strike-slip/wrench/transform
        • Anticlinal fault.
    2. Using well labelled diagrams, describe how the Rift Valley is formed by compressional forces.
      (7 marks)
      • Layers of rocks are subjected to compressional forces.
        diagram on rift valley compressional forces
      • Lines of weakness develop/two parallel reverse faults develop.
        lines of weakness developed
      • The outer blocks are pushed over the middle block.
      • The middle block remains stable or slightly subskewed.
        overhanging sides
      • The overhanging sides are worn away by denudation/erosion/collapse to form steep slopes/scarps
        * This leads to the formation of an elongated depression called the Rift valley.
        rift valley formation
        Text-4marks
        Diagrams-3marks
    3. Use the map of Kenya below to answer the questions that follow.
             map of kenya diagram
      Name;
      1. The lakes marked Q and R.   (2 marks)
        • Q -Lake Nakuru
        • R-Lake Magadi
      2. The mountain marked S.    (1 mark)
        • S-Mt.Kenya
      3. The river marked T.      (1 mark)
        • T- R.Galana/Athi/Sabaki
    4. Explain three negative effects of faulting.   (6 marks)
      • Faulting causes disjointing of land leading to disruption of communication lines.
      • Fault scarps/block mountains form barriers to road/railway construction.
      • Faulting may cause sudden sinking of land leading to loss of life/property.
      • Faults may cause a river to disappear underground leading in change direction causing water shortages downstream.
      • leeward side of block mountains receive little rainfall discouraging human activities/settlement.
    5. Form four students carried out a field study on a faulted landscape. Give three advantages of using observation as a method of collecting data. (3 marks)
      • Gives first hand/reliable information
      • collect relevant answer/ up to date data
      • Saves on time
      • Enhances memory
      • Encouraging participation of all members
  4.  
    1.  
      1. Differentiate between weathering and mass wasting.   (2 marks)
        • Weathering is the mechanical breakdown/chemical decay of rocks at or near the earth's surface in situ while mass wasting is the movement of rock and soil down slope under the influence of gravity.
      2. Explain two ways in which plants cause weathering.    (4 marks)
        • When plants cause mechanical weathering, their roots grow into rocks and crack them. It can also happen in streets or sidewalks.
        • When plants cause chemical weathering, there roots release acid or other chemicals, onto rocks, which then forms cracks, and breaks apart.
    2. Desctribe each of the following physical weathering processes.
      1. Crystal growth     (4 marks)
        • It occurs in areas that experience large diurnal range of temperatures such as in deserts.
        • During the dry season, the moisture /water in the rocks underground is forced up by capillarity action onto the surface of the earth where it evaporates.
        • Salts contained in the moisture are precipitated and deposited in the cracks to form crystals
          Contained precipitation cause accumulation of the salts.
        • The crystals grow and exert pressure on the rocks mainly on the cracks.
        • The resultant stress causes the rocks to disintegrate.
      2. Block disintegration.    (4 marks)
        • It occurs in areas that experience large diurnal range of temperatures such as deserts.
        • It occurs on rocks with joints and bedding platforms
        • During the day, the rock is heated intensely by solar insolation leading to expansion mainly along the joints.
        • During the night, rapid cooling occurs as the temperatures fall leading to contraction of the rock.
        • This causes stress in the rock leading to development of cracks along the joints.
        • When the process occurs over a long period of time the joints/cracks are enlarged
        • The rock eventually breaks/ separates along the joints into smaller blocks called rock blocks.
    3. Explain how the following factors influence weathering.
      1. Rock texture.    (2 marks)
        • Fine textured rocks are weathered faster. This is because the tiny particles have a large surface area around the individual particles allowing chemical weathering to occur.
        • Coarse grained rocks are weathered slowly. This is because the large grains have a smaller surface area for chemical weathering to occur.
      2. Topography     (2 marks)
        • On steep slopes, the weathered rock materials are washed away quickly. This exposes the underlying rock surface to weathering leading to faster weathering process.
        • On gently sloping/flat areas, weathering occurs slowly. This is because the weathered rock material cover the underlying unweathered rock.
    4. The diagram below represents a landscape affected by mass wasting. Use it to answer questions (i) and (iii).
               diagram on landscape affected by mass wasting
      1. Name the type of mass wasting shown above.    (1 mark)
        • Landslide/ rock slump/slumping.
      2. State three conditions which may influence the occurrence of the mass wasting above.
        (3 marks)
        • The extent of saturation/ amount of precipitation
        • Angle of slope/gradient of the land
        • Nature of the materials on a slope
        • Tectonic movements/earthquakes/volcanic eruption
        • Human activities such as mining/quarrying/underground nuclear tests
      3. State three negative effects of the above form of mass wasting on the human environment.   (3 marks)
        • Loss of human lives
        • Loss of property/destruction of property
        • Disruption of transport and communication lines/ may block rods and railway lines
        • Causes stress/fear.
  5.  
    1.  
      1. Distinguish between an ice sheet and ice cap.   (2 marks)
        • Ice sheet is a large and continuous mass of ice which covers vast areas of a lowland while ice cap is a small mass of continental glacier that covers plateaus and high altitude areas.
      2. Describe two ways through which ice moves.    (4 marks)
        • Basal slip-weight of the ice exerts pressure on the lower layers which thaws/melts causing ice to slide over the underlying rocks under the influence of gravity
        • Plastic flowage-the weight of the ice exerts pressure on the lower layers leading to slight melting of the ice and eventually moving as a viscous mass
        • Extrusion flow- The internal movement of ice in an area of accumulation in lowlands where the weight of ice compresses the underlying layers resulting to ice spreading to where is less pressure.
        • Internal shearing-the differential sliding of ice along planes caused by great downslope pressure.
    2. Explain three factors that influence glacial deposition.    (6 marks)
      • Climate change/rising temperatures
        Rising temperature leads to melting of ice thereby causing ice to deposit its load.
      • Gradient/relief of the land
        Change of gradient to relatively flat surface will reduce the velocity of the glacial movement which will subsequently lead to deposition of glacial materials.
      • Alternating warm and cold periods lead to seasonal melting of ice which allows ,materials embedded in the ice to be released and deposited.
      • Stagnation/accumulation of the glacier leads to pressure at the base of the glacier which in turn leads to melting of ice at the base causing embedded materials to be released and deposited.
      • Friction at the base and sides of the glacier and a rough surface leads to melting of ice and deposition of water.
    3. Study the diagram below showing features in a glaciated upland region. Use it to answer the questions that follow,
               photo of features in glaciated upland region
      1. Name the types moraines marked X, Y and Z.    (3 marks)
        • X-Terminal moraine
        • Y-Medial moraine
        • Z-lateral moraine
      2. Describe how an arête is formed.     (4 marks)
        • Snow accumulates in two adjacent pre-existing shallow depressions on the mountain side.
        • The snow accumulates and are compacted into ice.
        • Freeze-thaw action acts on the depression causing deepening of the depression.
        • More ice accumulates in the depressions.
        • The ice move downslope and erosion through plucking and abrasion occurs to form two adjacent cirques
        • Further plucking and abrasion deepens and enlarges the cirques
        • Plucking of the backwalls leads to backwall recession of cirques
        • Eventually a steep knife-edged ridge separating adjacent cirques is formed called an arête
      3. Explain the significance of upland glaciated features to human activities.    (6 marks)
        • Glaciated highlands especially mountains are a tourist attractions
        • Waterfalls from hanging valleys are ideal sites for generation of H.E.P
        • Glaciated valleys have good pasture in summer used for grazing.
        • Fiords form suitable sites for construction of natural harbors.
        • Sheltered waters in the fiords provide suitable breeding grounds for fishing thus encouraging fishing
        • Some glacial troughs form natural waterways
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