History Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Moi Kabarak High School Mock 2020/2021

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Instructions to Candidates

  • This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
  • Answer all questions in section A, three from Section B and two from Section C.
  • Candidates should answer the questions in English

Section A (25 marks)
Answer all questions in this section in the answer booklet attached

  1. Define the term 'pre history'.     (1 mark)
  2. Identify one community in Kenya that belongs to the River- Lake Nilotes. (1 mark)
  3. Give two reasons why Kenyan communities fought against each other during the pre colonial period.
    (2 marks)
  4. Identify two main items of trade from the interior of Kenya during the long distance trade.
    (2 marks)
  5. Give one condition that a person should meet to qualify to be a Kenyan citizen by registration.
    (1 mark)
  6. State one way in which education promotes National Unity in Kenya.    (1 mark)
  7. Identify the type of constitution used in Kenya.   (1 mark)
  8. Give two reasons why the British used indirect rule in some parts of Kenya.  (2 marks)
  9. Identify two negative consequences of urbanization in Kenya during the colonial period. (2 marks)
  10. State two recommendations of the Lennox-Boyd constitution regarding the Legislative Council in Kenya.    (2 marks)
  11. What was the main contribution of Prof. Wangari Maathai to the development of Kenya?    (1 mark)
  12. Identify two National Security organs of the Republic of Kenya.    (2 marks)
  13. Name one category of elected members of the National Assembly in Kenya.     (1 mark)
  14. Name one feature of African socialism in Kenya.      (1 mark)
  15. Give one external factor that led to introduction of multi-party democracy in Kenya in the early 1990s.   (1 mark)
  16. Name two groups which provide health services in Kenya.    (2 marks)
  17. Identify two issues that are addressed in the National Budget in Kenya.      (2 marks)

Section B (45 marks)
Answer any three questions from this section in the answer booklet attached

    1. State five reasons that led to the migration of the Eastern Cushites from their original homeland to the present day Kenya.   (5 marks)
    2. Describe the political organization of the Somali during the pre-colonial period.   (10 marks)
  1.  
    1. Give the five reasons that led to the coming of Arabs to the Kenyan Coast.   (5 marks)
    2. Explain five effects of the Portuguese rule on the East African Coast.    (10 marks)
  2.  
    1. Identify five reasons why Britain was interested in establishing control over Kenya during the European scramble for East Africa.   (5 marks)
    2. Explain five factors responsible for the Agiryama resistance to the British rule in Kenya.       
      (10 marks)
  3.  
    1. State five functions of the National Land Commission (NLC) in Kenya.  (5 marks)
    2. Explain five challenges facing the agricultural sector in Kenya.     (10 marks)

Section C (30 marks)
Answer any two questions from this section in the answer booklet attached

  1.  
    1. Name three ways in which direct democracy is exercised in Kenya.   (3 marks)
    2. Explain six circumstances in which one's right to life may be taken away.     (12 marks)
  2.  
    1. State three types of Superior Courts in Kenya.     (3 marks)
    2. Explain six functions of the Senate in Kenya.     (12 marks)
  3.  
    1. Identify three responsibilities of a County Government in Kenya.  (3 marks)
    2. Explain six challenges faced by the County Governments in Kenya.    (12 marks)


Marking scheme

Section A (25 marks)

  1. Define the term 'pre history'.   (1 mark)
    • It is the study of past human activities before the invention of writing/study of unrecorded past human activities 
      1 point @ 1 mark 
  2. Identify one community in Kenya that belongs to the River- Lake Nilotes. (1 mark)
    • Luo   
      1 point @ 1 mark
  3. Give two reasons why Kenyan communities fought against each other during the pre-colonial period.
    (2 marks)
    1. Competition for land for cultivation and settlement.
    2. Competition for water or pasture.
    3. To demonstrate their military power.
    4. To raid for cattle.
      Any 2 points @ 1 mark each
  4. Identify two main items of trade from the interior of Kenya during the long distance trade.
    (2 marks)
    • Ivory
    • Slaves
      2 points @ 1 mark each
  5. Give one condition that a person should meet to qualify to be a Kenyan citizen by registration.
    (1 marks)
    1. One must lawfully reside in Kenya continuously for at least seven years
    2. A child who is not a citizen must be adopted by a Kenyan citizen
    3. A person must be married to a Kenyan citizen for at least seven years
      Any 1 point @ 1 mark each
  6. State one way in which education promotes National Unity in Kenya. (1 mark)
    1. Use of one curriculum /syllabus in all public schools,
    2. Use of one medium of instruction, 
    3. Common national examinations,
    4. Centralized training and deployment of teachers
    5. Existence of national schools.
    6. Teaching of subjects like history and religion as well as participating drama and music activities in schools /co-curricular activities
      Any 1 point @ 1 mark each
  7. Identify the type of constitution used in Kenya.     (1 mark)
    • Written constitution
      1 point @ 1 mark
  8. Give two reasons why the British used indirect rule in some parts of Kenya.     (2 marks)
    1. They lacked adequate funds
    2. They lacked adequate personnel
    3. They did not want to stir up African resistance
    4. It had been used successfully elsewhere
    5. The existence of traditional systems of government
    6. Undeveloped transport and communication networks
      Any 2 points @1 mark each
  9. Identify two negative consequences of urbanization in Kenya during the colonial period,   (2 marks)
    1. Unemployment led to poverty
    2. Low morality e.g. prostitution
    3. Increase in crime
    4. Development of shanties/slums
    5. Congestion leading to epidemics
    6. Break up of family set up
    7. Development of the Kipande system to restrict movement
    8. Deprived rural areas of manpower/negligence of agriculture
      Any 2 points @ 1 mark each
  10. State two recommendations of the Lennox-Boyd constitution regarding the Legislative Council in Kenya.     (2 marks)
    1. The number of elected Africans to the Legislative Council was increased from 8 to 14
    2. There were to be 12 nominated members representing the different races
    3. The African representation on the council of ministers doubled/increased to two
      Any 2 points @ 1 mark each 
  11. What was the main contribution of Prof. Wangari Maathai to the development of Kenya?  (1 mark) 
    • Environmental conservation/tree planting
      1 point @ 1 mark 
  12. Identify two National Security organs of the Republic of Kenya. (2 marks)
    1. Kenya Defence Forces
    2. National Intelligence Service
    3. National Police Service.
      Any 2 points @ 1 mark each
  13. Name one category of elected members of the National Assembly in Kenya.   (1 mark)
    1. Constituency Representatives/Members of Parliament.
    2. Women Representatives,
      Any 1 point @ 1 mark each
  14. Name one feature of African socialism in Kenya.    (1 mark)
    1. It emphasized progressive taxation
    2. It promotes equity
    3. It advocates for mutual social responsibility
    4. It promotes participation in democratic processes
    5. Advocates for various forms of ownership
      Any 1 point @ 1 mark each
  15. Give one external factor that led to introduction of multi-party democracy in Kenya in the early 1990s.    (1 mark)
    1. The influence from Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union led to the introduction of multi- party democracy/collapse of the Soviet Union.
    2. The end of the cold war brought a new wave of democracy which spread to Kenya
    3. The events which were taking place in Zambia, Togo and Nigeria in 1991  inspired advocates of multi- partysm
    4. The pressure on the government from the donor community to democratize a condition for aid resumption made it to oblige
      Any 1 point @ 1 mark each
  16. Name two groups which provide health services in Kenya.    (2 marks)
    1. The Government
    2. Non-Government Organizations
    3. Religious groups/institutions
    4. Private institution/companies
    5. Charitable organizations like Lions Club
    6. International organizations like WHO
    7. Individuals
      Any 2 points @ 1 mark each
  17. Identify two issues that are addressed in the National Budget in Kenya. (2 marks)
    1. The amount of revenue the government requires and plans to raise
    2. Sources from which the government intends to raise the revenue
    3. How the government intends to spends the revenue
      Any 2 points @ 1 mark each 

Section B (45 marks)

  1.  
    1. State five reasons that led to the migration of the Eastern Cushites from their
      original homeland to the present day Kenya.    (5 marks)
      1. They moved in search of water and pasture for their livestock
      2. The outbreak of diseases/ epidemics forced them to move
      3. Attacks from other communities forced them to move/external attacks
      4. There was population pressure in their original homeland
      5. They moved due to drought and famine
      6. Family/clan dispute/conflicts forced them to migrate/internal conflicts
      7. Search for land for settlement
      8. They moved for adventure
        Any 5 points @ 1 mark each
    2. Describe the political organization of the Somali during the pre-colonial period.    (10 marks)
      1. The Somali had a decentralized political system of administration
      2. The family was the smallest political unit
      3. The basic political unit of the Somali was the clan each with its name and occupied specific territories / areas.
      4. The council of elders was in charge of the day to day affairs of the clan
      5. The clans came together when the entire community faced a major crisis
      6. The council maintained law and order, was the final count of appeal among other political functions
      7. The circumcised boys joined age-sets that performed leadership roles for a period of time
      8. The Somali had a leader called Sultan whose role was mainly advisory.
      9. There existed warriors whose main duty was to protect the community against external attacks and acquire possessions for the community.
      10. There existed people with special responsibility e.g. Sheikhs and medicine men who played political roles in the community
      11. With adoption of Islam, sharia law was embraced to be used in administration of justice
        Any 5 points @ 2 marks each
  2.  
    1. Give the five reasons that led to the coming of Arabs to the Kenyan Coast.   (5 marks)
      1. They came as refugees, fleeing religious/political persecution in Arabia.
      2. They came to establish settlements.
      3. They wanted to trade/control commercial activities.
      4. They came to spread Islam.
      5. They came to explore
        Any 5 points @ 1 mark each
    2. Explain five effects of the Portuguese rule on the East African Coast.     (10 marks)
      1. It led to the decline of Indian Ocean trade and local trade.
      2. It led to loss of lives through raids/Introduction of many weapons lead to insecurity in the place.
      3. It led to decline and ruin of towns e.g. Gedi.
      4. Their raids led to destruction of property.
      5. Heavy taxes imposed on coastal people hindered coastal economic developments
      6. They built Fort Jesus and Vasco da Gama pillar which become historical monuments/landmarks in the later years/ they introduced new architecture 
      7. Introduced new crops to the coast e.g. maize and cashew nuts/use of farmyard manure
      8. Their language enriched Kiswahili vocabulary inrough borrowing of words e.g. Meza, Pesa, Mvinyo and Baruti :
      9. They improved links between the coast and India/Goa.
      10. They practiced slave trade and this led to depopulation and human suffering.
      11. They paved way for European colonization/they publicized the East African Coast
        Any 5 points @ 2 marks each 
  3.  
    1. Identify five reasons why Britain was interested in establishing control over Kenya during the European scramble for East Africa. (5 marks)
      1. They were looking for raw materials for their industries.
      2. They were looking for market for their manufactured goods like cotton clothes.
      3. They were looking for places to invest their surplus capital.
      4. They were looking for precious minerals/mineral wealth
      5. The climate was suitable for dairy and other forms of farming.
      6. Kenya was strategically important hence by controlling the place, they would secure their interest in Egypt and India.
      7. To stop slave trade and introduce legitimate trade to replace it.
      8. Britain wanted to expand her empire for her own glory and prestige/jingoism.
      9. Britain wanted to protect her missionaries and explorers operating in the region.
      10. Britain wanted to curb Muslim influence in the region
      11. She wished to settle surplus population in Kenya. 
      12. They wanted to introduce their culture to others /cultural assimilation/civilization Britain wanted to colonize Kenya before other European powers do so.
        Any 5 points @ 1 mark each
    2. Explain five factors responsible for the Agiryama resistance to the British rule in Kenya.
      (10 marks)
      1. Forced labour in the European plantation which meant neglecting their own farms/loss of profits which they used to get by selling their farm products
      2. Rape of Agiryama women by the colonial policemen at Vitengeni which was a
        provocative action against them.
      3. Land alienation to the North of Sabaki River, meaning that the Agiryarna would
        dwell on less productive areas, leaving the best land to the European settlement.
      4. Interruption of their trade with the Swahili/ Arab traders which had been their economic main stay for a long time.
      5. Interference with their traditions/religion/customs by demolishing their shrines
        which they regarded as sacred.
      6. Forced taxation which meant that Africans had to work on the European farms so
        as to raise the hut tax charged.
      7. They had lost their independence/the British replaced the Agiriama traditional rulers 
      8. They were forced to join the British army
        Any 5 points @ 2 marks each
  4.  
    1. State five functions of the National Land Commission (NLC) in Kenya.   (5 marks)
      1. To manage public land on behalf of the National and County government.
      2. To recommend a national land policy to the national government.
      3. To advise the National government on programmes dealing with land registration throughout the country.
      4. To conduct research on land use in the country together with the use of natural resources and make recommendations to the relevant authorities.
      5. To encourage the use of traditional methods of dispute resolution in land conflicts.
      6. To assess tax on land and premiums on immovable property in any area  designated by law.
      7. To monitor and have oversight responsibilities over land use planning in the country
      8. To investigate and address past or present historical injustices regarding land and recommend appropriate action.
        Any 5 points @ 1 mark each
    2. Explain five challenges facing the agricultural sector in Kenya. (10 marks)
      1. Increase in population has put pressure on land thus low productivity
      2. Drought and famine has affected certain parts of the country calling for relief food. 
      3. The unstable prices of agricultural commodities on the local and world market have discouraged farmers.
      4. Politically instigated ethnic clashes have discouraged farmers from carrying out intensive farming due to insecurity
      5. Corrupt government officials like grabbing of public land in many parts of the country has led to public resistance at the practice/mismanagement of funds meant for agricultural development.
      6. Destruction of farmers produce by pests and diseases/poor storage.
      7. The high cost of farm inputs like fertilizers and pesticides has affected farmer's production.
      8. Overproduction of similar agriculturul products leads to wastage due to lack of buyers.
      9. Shortage of agricultural extension officers has made it difficult for farmers to get advice on how to improve yields.
      10. Poor transport and communication network hinders transportation of farm produce 
      11. Lack of modern technology like the use of farm machinery.
      12. The rapidly spreading HIV/AIDS infection had denied the agricultural sector labour. 
      13. Competition from COMESA and other more developed countries.
      14. Corruption and mismanagement of co-operative societies leads to poor turning by farmers.
        Any 5 points @ 2 marks each

Section C (30 marks)

  1.  
    1. Name three ways in which direct democracy is exercised in Kenya.    (3 marks)
      1. Through referendum
      2. Through plebiscite/consensus
      3. Through peoples initiative
      4. Exercise the right to recall a non performing member of parliament
        Any 3 points @ 1 mark each
    2. Explain six circumstances in which one's right to life may be taken away.    (12 marks)
      1. When defending one's life/ country in case of war.
      2. When defending one's property against violent attack.
      3. When the life of law enforcement officer is in danger when apprehending criminals. 
      4. Abortion can be done under emergency treatment/ if the life of the mother is in danger based on opinion of a trained health professional.
      5. If one is found guilty of an offence punishable by death e.g. murder, treason, and robbery with violence
      6. When preventing escape of a lawfully detained person
      7. When preventing a person from committing a felony/crime
      8. When suppressing a riot/rebellion or mutiny
        Any 6 points @ 2 marks each 
  2.  
    1. State three types of Superior Courts in Kenya.   (3 marks)
      1. The Supreme Court
      2. The Court of Appeal
      3. The High Court
        Any 3 points @ 1 mark each
    2. Explain six functions of the Senate in Kenya.   (12 marks)
      1. It represents and protects the interests of their Counties and their governments.
      2. The Senators takes part in the law making by debating and approving bills concerning the counties.
      3. it determines the allocation of National revenue among the County governments.
      4. It oversees expenditures of national revenue allocated to the County governments.
      5. It may initiate bills concerning the counties.
      6. It keeps check of state officers by considering and determining any resolution to remove the president or deputy president from office.
        Any 6 points @ 2 marks each
  3.  
    1. Identify three responsibilities of a County Government in Kenya.    (3 marks)
      1. Development of Agriculture i.e.crop and animal husbandry.
      2. Development of fisheries through regulation of fishing and fishing activities/ promotion of fish farming.
      3. Provision of health services through construction of health facilities, provision of ambulance services and promotion of health care.
      4. Regulation of cultural activities through promotion of theatre groups and licensing of betting casinos
      5. Promotion of public health through provision of refuse removal, solid waste removal and cemeteries.
      6. Provision of recreation facilities like sports stadia, county parks and beaches, social halls and museums.
      7. Development and management of County transport through construction of roads, ferries and harbours.
      8. Regulation and development of trading activities through provision of trade licenses, markets and trade fairs.
      9. Provision and management of pre-primary, vocational education like village polytechnics and child centers.
      10. Environmental management through air, water and noise pollution.
      11. Regulating county planning and development through land survey and mapping, housing, electricity and energy regulation.
      12. Regulation of county public works and services like water and sanitation services. 
      13. Putting in place measurers to control drug usage and access to pornography in the county.
      14. Ensuring animal control and welfare e.g. licensing of dogs.
        Any 3 points @ 1 mark each
    2. Explain six challenges faced by the County Governments in Kenya.   (12 marks)
      1. The high population stretches the available resources in various counties.
      2. Duplication of roles between the National and county Governments. 
      3. Undeveloped transport and communication networks.
      4. Occurrence of natural calamities like drought and famine calling for emergency relief aid.
      5. Shortage of resources thus weak economic base in some counties.
      6. Delay in remittance of funds to the County government from the national Government.
      7. Interference in their work by the National government.
      8. Rivalry among leaders within the County.
      9. Inadequate personnel to run key departments within the County.
      10. Embezzlement and misuse of funds by corrupt county officials.
      11. Structural overlaps. Management of cities and urban centres differ from that of rural areas, with more services directed to cities and urban centres.
      12. The problem of managing resources that are jointly shared by more than one county. Some resources such as water or forest land may be serving more than one county and may bring conflicts between counties
        Any 6 points @ 2 marks each
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