History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Moi Kabarak High School Mock 2020/2021

Instructions to Candidates

• This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
• Answer all questions in section A, three from Section B and two from Section C.
• Candidates should answer the questions in English

Section A (25 marks)
Answer all questions in this section in the answer booklet attached

1. State two ways in which the study of History and Government promotes a sense of patriotism in the learner.    (2 marks)
2. Give the meaning of the word Homo Erectus. (1 mark)
3. Identify the method used to plant cereal crops when early agriculture began.    (1 mark)
4. Give one disadvantage of currency trade. (1 mark)
5. Identify two limitations of using fire and smoke signals as a means of communication.  (2 marks)
6. State two disadvantages of early forms of water transport. (2 marks)
7. Give two ways in which the discovery of iron influenced the growth of kingdoms.  (2 marks)
8. State one disadvantage of using atomic energy   (1 mark)
9. Identify the main religion practiced in Kilwa.   (1 mark)
10. Name the title of the Buganda political leader in the 19th century.   (1 mark)
11. State two roles of the missionaries in the European colonization of Africa. (2 marks)
12. Give one role of Mwalimu Julius Nyerere of Tanzania in the development of nationalism in Mozambique.   (1 mark)
13. Give two ways in which economic rivalries between European powers contributed to the outbreak of the First World War.  (2 marks)
14. Where does the International Court of Justice sit?  (1 mark)
15. Identify two autonomous institutions of the revived East African Community,   (2 marks)
16. State the main economic blunder committed by President Mobutu Sese Seko in 1993.  (1 mark)
17. State two sources of the British Constitution.    (2 marks)

Section B (45 marks)
Answer any three questions from this section in the answer booklet attached

18.  
    1. State five factors that facilitated the development of agriculture in America before 1800.
       (5 marks)
    2. Explain five solutions to food shortage in third world countries.     (10 marks)
19.  
    1. State five factors that led to industrial revolution in Britain.    (5 marks)
    2. Explain five social effects of the industrial revolution in Europe. (10 marks)
20.  
    1. State five methods used by the British to acquire colonies in Africa.   (5 marks)
    2. Explain five impacts of the partition of Africa on the Africans.    (10 marks)
21.  
    1. State five reasons why the television is an important means of communication.    (5 marks)
    2. Explain five ways in which telecommunication has negatively affected the society.   (10 marks)

Section C (30 marks)
Answer any two questions from this section in the answer booklet attached

22.  
    1. State three official languages used in the United Nations Organization (UNO) General Assembly deliberations.    (3 marks)
    2. Explain six ways through which the United Nations promotes peace in the world.    (12 marks)
23.  
    1. Identify three principles of the Arusha declaration of 1967.    (3 marks)
    2. Explain six political challenges facing African governments.    (12 marks)
24.  
    1. Identify three requirements for one to be allowed to contest as a presidential candidate in the United States of America (USA).    (3 marks)
    2. Explain six ways through which the conduct of a president is checked in the United States of America (USA).      (12 marks)

Marking Scheme

Section A (25 marks)
Answer all questions in this section in the answer booklet provided

1. State two ways in which the study of History and Government promotes a sense of patriotism in the learner.   (2 marks)
   1. It enables one to acquire positive attitude towards their country
   2. It enables one to be a responsible citizen
   3. It enables one to be loyal to his/her country
   4. It enables one to develop positive values
      Any 2 points @ 1 mark each
2. Give the meaning of the word Homo Erectus.   (1 mark)
   1. It means an upright man
      1 point @ 1 mark
3. Identify the method used to plant cereal crops when early agriculture began.   (1 mark) 
   1. Broadcasting method/Scattering
      1 point @ 1 mark each
4. Give one disadvantage of currency trade.    (1 mark)
   1. The value of the currency may fluctuate depending on the strength of a county's economy
5. Identify two limitations of using fire and smoke signals as a means of communication.   (2 marks) 
   1. Could not convey messages over long distances/it can only be used to cover short
      distances
   2. Its effectiveness depended on weather
   3. Was not secretive way of sending a message 
   4. Limited to the sighted/required people to be on the lookout
   5. Limited range of messages could be sent
      Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
6. State two disadvantages of early forms of water transport.   (2 marks)
   1. They could easily sink during strong wind and storms.
   2. They could only move down stream as their movement relied on water current. 
   3. They carried only a few passengers and goods at a time
   4. Passengers and goods were exposed to the elements of weather.
      Any 2 points @ 1 mark each
7. Give two ways in which the discovery of iron influenced the growth of kingdoms.  (2 marks)
   1. It enabled manufacture of weapons for defense
   2. Iron tools ensured food production to sustain the kingdom
      Any 2 points @ 1 mark each
8. State one disadvantage of using atomic energy.   (1 mark)
   1. The use in weapons leads to massive destruction of property
   2. It causes air pollution /radiations
   3. It is expensive form of energy
      Any 2 point @ 1 mark each
9. Identify the main religion practiced in Kilwa.  (1 mark)
   1. Islam
      1 point @ 1 mark
10. Name the title of the Buganda political leader in the 19th century. (1 mark)
    1. Kabaka
       1 point @ 1 mark
11. State two roles of the missionaries in the European colonization of Africa. (2 marks)
    1. They sent back information on Africa to their mother countries
    2. They encouraged African rulers to sign treaties e.g. Lawanika
    3. Their mission stations were used as initial operational bases for the colonizers as well as proof of effective occupation
    4. They created rapport/mutual trust with the local who then welcomed the colonizers who they thought were like missionaries
    5. They asked protection from their home government
       Any 2 points @ 1 mark each
12. Give one role of Mwalimu Julius Nyerere of Tanzania in the development of nationalism in Mozambique.         
    1. He offered them political recognition and support.  
    2. He allowed them to open their offices in Tanzania.
    3. Nyerere was instrumental in uniting the different factions of the liberation movement/FRELIMO.
    4. He opened the border for asylum seekers from Mozambique.
    5. He allowed FRELIMO fighters to train on Tanzania soil.
    6. He was vocal in condemning colonialism in Mozambique in various forums like
       UN, OAU and Commonwealth.
    7. He supplied the fighters with arms and gave them military aid.
    8. He allowed Tanzania border with Mozambique to be used as bases to launch
       attacks on enemy installations.
    9. He allowed the movement to have total freedom to establish organize bases on Tanzanian soil
       Any 1 point @ 1 mark each
13. Give two ways in which economic rivalries between European powers contributed to the outbreak of the First World War.                    (2 marks)
    1. Competition for overseas market caused tension/friction
    2. Competition for sources of raw materials fueled tension
    3. Tariff wars among them created tension/suspicion
    4. Competition for areas to invest surplus capital caused tension
       Any 2 points @ 1 mark each
14. Where does the International Court of Justice sit?  (1 mark) )
    1. The Hague 
       1 point @ 1 mark
15. Identify two autonomous institutions of the revived East African Community.  (2 marks)
    1. The Lake Victoria Development Programme
    2. The East African Development Bank
    3. The Inter University Council of East Africa
    4. The East African Community Customs Union
       Any 2 points @ 1 mark each
16. State the main economic blunder committed by President Mobutu Sese Seko in 1993.  (1 mark) 
    1. The printing of new notes to pay salaries
       1 point @ 1 mark
17. State two sources of the British Constitution.  (2 marks)
    1. Act of parliament e.g. the Magna Carta 1215, the parliament Act of 1911
    2. The British conventions which have been used from generations to generation over a long period of time. For example those which - the British citizens against the excess of the executive.
    3. The courts of Britain established decision made by the British law courts from time to time become part of the British Constitution e.g. in 1884 the Supremacy of parliament.
    4. Legal publications by reputable authorities e.g. scholars lawyers statesman, political thinkers.
    5. From the Hansard- official of the proceedings of parliament
    6. Royal prerogatives e.g. declaring war and making peace
       Any 2 points @ 1 mark each 

Section B (45 marks)

18.  
    1. State five factors that facilitated the development of agriculture in America before 1800.
       (5 marks)
       1. European immigration into the region led to population increase and demand for
          food.
       2. European immigration introduced new methods of farming
       3. Introduction of new crops
       4. Availability of slave labour to clear forests and to farm
       5. Suitability of climate for agriculture 
       6. presence of suitable soils for different types of crops
       7. Settlement of enterprising European emigrants who wished to make a living through agriculture.
       8. Availability of indigenous crops
       9. Use of river for irrigation availability of water for irrigation from rivers like Hudson and Colorado
          Any 5 points @ 1 mark each
    2. Explain five solutions to food shortage in third world countries. (10 märks)
       1. Reclaiming more land would increase the area for farming thereby producing more food
       2. Adopting irrigation which would ensure food production throughout the year 
       3. Government should adopt/formulate food policies which would give strategies of achieving food security the countries
       4. Encouraging farmers to grow food crops that are drought resistant/require little
          rainfall
       5. Farm inputs/seeds/fertilizers pesticides should be highly subsidized in order to make them affordable to the farmers/low cost of farm inputs
       6. Storage facilities should be improved to minimize loss/storage before and after the
          harvest
       7. Modern/scientific farming methods such as artificial insemination should be practiced in order to improve agricultural yields/extension services
       8. Transport infrastructure should be improved constructed for efficient movement of
          farm inputs/produce to and from markets
       9. Encouraging agro forestry which would ensure food production alongside forestry Promoting peaceful co-existence among communities to enable farming activities to prosper
       10. Encouraging the growing of food crops instead of cash crops
       11. Giving loans/credit facilities to the farmers
       12. Diversificaiion of eating habits by encouraging people to eat a variety of foods 
       13. Encouraging family planning so that families have only the number of children whom they can feed and provide for. 
       14. Encouraging soil conservation measures e.g. terracing, construction of gabions
           and afforestation.
       15. Encouraging the forming of co-operative societies to market their produce
           Any 5 points @ 2 marks each
19.  
    1. State five factors that led to industrial revolution in Britain. (5 marks)
       1. She had a ready market for her industrial products within the British Empire.
       2. The Empire was also a source of industrial raw materials like coal and iron ore.
       3. She had large deposits of coal for industrial energy.
       4. Existence of well-established cottage industries/home industries which provided a base for industrial development.
       5. She had accumulated a lot of wealth from her trade with other countries.
       6. Some of the inventions that accelerated industrialization were made in the country like the steam engines.
       7. There existed a class of rich entrepreneurs who were keen and willing to invest in
          industries.
       8. Availability of labour following displacement of peasants following land consolidation. 
       9. Agrarian revolution led to production of adequate food for industrial workers. 
       10. Existence of well-developed banking and insurance services in the country.
       11. Protection of her trading ships from piracy by her strong navy.
       12. Well established transport networks like railways, roads and water.
       13. Availability of skilled labour in the country. 
       14. The country was relatively peaceful due to strong leadership.
       15. She practiced the policy of free trade.
           Any 5 points @ 1 mark each
    2. Explain five social effects of the industrial revolution in Europe. (10 marks)
       
       1. Many people migrated to towns to look for jobs leading to overcrowding
       2. Increased population in towns led to shortage of houses thus the development of slums
       3. There was poor sanitation which made people to suffer from various diseases
       4. The factories emitted pollutants into the air, water and land thus affecting in people health
       5. Those who did not secure employment in the industrial town engaged in crime and other social evils.
       6. Industrial revolution led to social stratification where the poor were discriminated by the rich
       7. Women and children were exploited because they worked for long hours for little pay.
       8. Trade unions developed in order to fight for the rights of industrial workers to settle industrial disputes.
       9. Due to long working schedules, some industrial workers neglected their homes
          leading to family breakups
          Any 5 points @ 2 marks each
20.  
    1. State five methods used by the British to acquire colonies in Africa. (5 marks)
       1. Signing of treaties
       2. Military conquest/force
       3. Company rule
       4. Diplomacy/collaboration
       5. Treachery/trickery
       6. Divide and rule/playing off communities against each other.
       7. Enticing/luring of chiefs with gifts e.g. with clothes and weapons
       8. Construction of operation bases/transport networks
          Any 5 points @ 1 mark each
    2. Explain five impacts of the partition of Africa on the Africans. (10 marks)
       
       1. Africans lost their independence as Europeans established colonies.
       2. African economies were weakened through European exploitation of their resources. 
       3. African systems of government were replaced by European systems.
       4. Africans adopted European languages which became official languages in the colonies. 
       5. Modern African states were created by the boundaries drawn during the partition. 
       6. Some African communities were split by the boundaries drawn during partition. 
       7. Africans lost their land as Europeans established permanent settlements.
       8. Africans lost their lives and property as they resisted occupation.
       9. African cultures were undermined through introduction of western education, Christianity and health services.
       10. Closer ties were forged between Africans and Europeans which created overdependence on Europe.
       11. It intensified warfare among African communities. 
       12. Infrastructure was developed to link agriculture and major mining areas. 
       13. Introduction of new policies like taxation and forced labour which were unpopular among African communities.
       14. Introduction of new crops together with new farming methods.
           Any 5 points @ 2 marks each
21.  
    1. State five reasons why the television is an important means of communication. (5 marks)
       1. They convey information more vividly than other forms.
       2. They are used for entertainment.
       3. They are used to pass educational programmes.
       4. They are used in advertisements/marketing
       5. They are effective in transmitting ideas since it commands attention.
       6. They have created job opportunities.
       7. lt bridges the limitation of real-time communication.
          Any 5 points @ 1 mark each
    2. Explain five ways in which telecommunication has negatively affected the society.  (10 marks)
       1. Some have promoted immorality through watching of pornographic films.
       2. They have promoted international crime/terrorism and drug abuse.
       3. It has encouraged idleness and addiction to programmes by viewers.
       4. The disposal of telecommunication gadgets may result in environmental pollution.
       5. Continuous use of some means of telecommunication may be a health hazard/radiations
       6. Prolonged exposure to computer screen affect the eyes
       7. Some telecommunication devices cannot be accessed by many people due to the expense of acquisition and installation.
       8. Some programmes promote violence in the society
       9. Some can cause pollution if not properly controlled e.g. radio
          Any 5 points @ 2 marks each 

Section C (30 marks)

22.  
    1. State three official languages used in the United Nations Organization (UNO) General Assembly deliberations. (3 marks)
       1. English
       2. French
       3. Spanish
       4. Chinese
       5. Russian
       6. Arabic
          Any 3 points @ 1 mark each 
    2. Explain six ways through which the United Nations promotes peace in the world. (12 marks) 
       1. Through encouraging the peaceful settlement of disputes between member states/sending peace messengers
       2. By imposing mandatory sanctions against countries that are seen as a threat to World peace in an effort to bring them to line.
       3. It hears cases between states through international Court of Justice
       4. By sending peace keeping forces to areas ravaged by war and conflict.
       5. by encouraging disarmament through its disarmament commission and numerous
          conferences on disarmament that is sponsored by it.
       6. It provides humanitarian assistance to the needy by giving them protection
       7. By encouraging the social and economic development of the third world through the work of numerous specialized agencies. 
       8. By promoting general awareness in the world about peace through publishing journals.
       9. Through the promotion of regional cooperation in different areas between different countries.
       10. By promotes human rights by enforcing application of international law.
       11. By authorizing the use of force to restore peace in different regions.
       12. It condemns all forms of terrorism
       13. It promotes democracy and good governance
           Any 6 points @ 2 marks each
23.  
    1. Identify three principles of the Arusha declaration of 1967. (3 marks)
       1. Self-reliance
       2. Nationalization of main means of production
       3. Ujamaa/socialism policy
       4. Human equality/non-discrimination
          Any 3 points @ 1 mark each
    2. Explain six political challenges facing African governments. (12 marks)
       
       1. Ideological difference among leaders thus civil wars
       2. They were affected by the cold war while it existed
       3. Occurrence of coups and counter coups in some nations
       4. Strained relationship among neighbouring countries
       5. Overdependence on former colonial masters for decision making/ neocolonialism. 
       6. Strained international relations
       7. Conflicting interest like being members of different regional and international groupings
       8. Ethnicity in many countries resulting from divide and rule policies of colonialists 
       9. Internal civil wars in some countries resulting from maladministration
       10. Refugee problems/hosting resulting from conflicts in other countries
       11. Global wind of change geared towards adoption of multi partysm
       12. Increased terrorism and terrorist activities.
           Any 6 points @ 2 marks each 
24.  
    1. Identify three requirements for one to be allowed to contest as a presidential candidate in the United States of America (USA).    (3 marks)
       1. Should have been born in the USA.
       2. Should not be less than 35 years of age.
       3. Must have been a resident of the USA for not less than 14 years.
       4. One should be morally upright
       5. Should not have been president for two-four year terms
       6. He or she must be nominated by a political party unless he or she is an independent candidate.
          Any 3 points @ 1 mark each
    2. Explain six ways through which the conduct of a president is checked in the United States of America.  (12 marks)
       1. The congress acts as a check on the powers of the president as the people he appoints to positions must he approved vetted.
       2. The congress can refuse to approve the use of government money to fund foreign policy the congress disagrees with.
       3. The congress can impeach a sitting president if his behaviour is not satisfactory.
       4. The Supreme Court may declare the president to have acted "unconstitutionally".
       5. Pressure groups can also check presidential actions and he or she may be morally obliged to reconsider his decisions.
       6. Public opinion sometimes play a vital role in limiting presidential actions as it reflects the wishes and feelings of the American people.
       7. The constitution limits an individual to two four year terms in office.
          Any 6 points @ 2 marks each