Geography Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Lanjet Joint Mock Exams 2020

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INSTRUCTIONS

This paper has two sections: A &B.

  • Answer all questions in section A.
  • In section B, answer question 6 and any other two questions.
  • Candidates should answer the questions in English.
  • All answers to be written in foolscaps provided.

SECTION A
Answer all the questions in this section

  1.    
    1. Give two uses of soda ash. (2mks)
    2. State three ways in which mining derelicts can be rehabilitated. (3mks)
  2.    
    1. Name two exotic breeds of dairy cattle reared in Kenya. (2mks)
    2. State three physical factors that favour dairy farming in Denmark. (3mks)
  3.    
    1. State two forms of Domestic trade. (2mks)
    2. State reasons countries institute measures to limit imports. (3mks)
  4.    
    1. What is population structure. (2mks)
    2. Give the information that can be obtained from a population pyramid. (3mks)
  5. Study the sketch map of Lake Victoria and use it to answer the question.
    1
    1. Name the Lake Ports M,N and P.
    2. State three major sea routes in Africa. (3mks)

SECTION B
Answer question 6 and any other TWO questions from this section.

  1. The table below shows Kenya’s export crops in the year 1998-2002 in ‘000’ tonnes. Study it and answer the questions that follows.
    CROP 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
    TEA   420 510 580 420 490
    HORTICULTURAL CROPS  300 410 520 600 580
    COFFEE  270 360 480 500 420
    TOTALS  990 1280 1580 1520 1490
    1.    
      1. Use a suitable vertical and horizontal scale draw a compound bar graph to present this data. (9mks)
      2. Give four physical conditions that favour coffee growing in Kenya. (4mks)
    2. Explain three problems facing coffee in Kenya. (6mks)
    3. Compare coffee growing in Kenya and Brazil under the following sub headings
      1. Coffee growing areas. (2mks)
      2. Soils. (2mks)
      3. Labour. (2mks)
  2.    
    1.    
      1. What is agro forestry. (2mks)
      2. Differentiate between indigenous and exotic forests . (2mks)
      3. Name two indigenous soft wood tree species. (2mks)
    2.    
      1. Explain three factors that favour the growth of natural forest on the slopes of Mt.Kenya. (6mks)
      2. State four factors that have led to the reduction of the area under forest on the slope of Mt. Kenya. (4mks)
    3. Give the difference in the exploitation of softwood forest in Kenya and Canada under the following headings.
      1. Tree species. (2mks)
      2. Problems facing forestry. (2mks)
    4. Form Four students in your school carried out a field study on the forestry within their county.
      1. Give three reasons why reconnaissance was necessary for a field study. (3mks)
      2. State two advantages of content analysis in the study of a forests. (2mks)
  3.    
    1. Differentiate between fishing and fisheries. (2mks)
    2. Name two types of marine fish caught along the east Africa coast. (2mks)
    3. Use the map of North-West Atlantic fishing ground to answer question
      2
      1. Name the Ocean current marked P and Q. (2mks)
      2. Explain three ways in which the convergence of ocean currents marked P and Q influence fishing. (6mks)
    4.    
      1. Describe how drifting method is used in Fishing . (5mks)
      2. State three factors which are considered when choosing a fishing method. (3mks)
      3. State three problems which face fishing in Lake Turkana. (3mks)
    5. State two reasons why fish farming should be encouraged in Kenya . (2mks)
  4.    
    1.    
      1. Give two non-renewable source of energy. (2mks)
      2. State two advantages of using Uranium as a source of energy. (2mks)
    2.    
      1. Apart from generating H.E.P, give three other benefits that have resulted from the construction of Masinga dam. (3mks)
      2. Explain four physical factors that influence the location of a hydro-electric power station. (8mks)
    3.    
      1. What is Energy crisis. (2mks)
      2. Explain four effects that the increase in oil prices has had on the economy of Kenya. (8mks)
  5.    
    1.    
      1. What is Environmental Hazards. (2mks)
      2. Identify three types of environmental hazards. (3mks)
    2.    
      1. State three cause of floods. (3mks)
      2. Explain four ways of combating floods in Kenya. (8mks)
    3.    
      1. Students from your school carried out a field study on a flood prone area in your country.
      2. State five reasons why the working schedule as very important in their study. (5mks)
      3. What are the problems likely to be encountered during the field study. (4mks)


MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A
Answer all the questions in this section

  1.    
    1. Give two uses of soda ash. (2mks)
      Manufacture of glass.
      Manufacture of soap.
      Manufacture of detergent.
      Manufacture of caustic soda.
    2. State three ways in which mining derelicts can be rehabilitated. (3mks)
      By planting trees.\by creating a park to attract tourists.
      By introducing aquaculture /fish farming.
      Through landscaping for settlement and practicing agriculture.
      (Any 3×1=3mks)
  2.    
    1. Name two exotic breeds of dairy cattle reared in Kenya. (2mks)
      Fresian
      Ashhire
      Guersey
      Jersey
      Aiderney
      Brown swiss
      (Any 2 ×1=2mks)
    2. State three physical factors that favour dairy farming in Denmark. (3mks)
      The landscape is gently sloping which is suitable for grazing.
      The climate is warm/sunny summer /moderate temperature/10 0C-170 C/that allow out door grazing.
      There is cool climate suitable for pasture growing.
      The moderate rainfall.(500-1000mm) that supports growing of grass.
      The boulder clay soil are fertile which supports high pasture.
  3.  
    1. State two forms of Domestic trade. (2mks)
      Wholesale trade
      Retail trade
    2. State reasons countries institute measures to limit imports. (3mks)
      To encourage and stimulate the growth of domestics industries.
      To protect local industries from competition posed by foreign firms.
      To create more job opportunities locally.
      To encourage self sufficiency.
      To prevent cases of dumping by foreign manufacturers.
      (Any 3×1=3mks)
  4.    
    1. What is population structure. (2mks)
      This refers to the characteristics and composition of a given population in terms of age and sex at a given time.
    2. Give the informations that can be obtained from a population pyramid. (3mks)
      Different age group.
      Proportion of male to female.
      Proportion of depending ratio-children+ old people/working population.
      Size of the population.
      Composition of sex.
      Proportion of the young.
      Ageing population
  5. Study the sketch map of lake Victoria and use it to answer the question.
    1. Name the Lake Ports M,N and P.
      M-Jinja
      N-Bukoba
      P-Mwanza
    2. State three major sea routes in Africa. (3mks)
      1. Mediterranean Asianic sea route.
      2. The cape of Good Hope sea route.
      3. The Trans-Atlantic Sea route.

SECTION B
Answer question 6 and any other TWO questions from this section.

  1. The table below shows Kenya’s export crops in the year 1998-2002 in ‘000’ tonnes. Study it and answer the questions that follows.
    CROP 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
    TEA   420 510 580 420 490
    HORTICULTURAL CROPS  300 410 520 600 580
    COFFEE  270 360 480 500 420
    TOTALS  990 1280 1580 1520 1490
    1.    
      1. Use a suitable vertical and horizontal scale draw a compound bar graph to present this data. (9mks)
      2. Give four physical conditions that favour coffee growing in Kenya. (4mks)
        Moderate temperature ranging from 140 C-26 0
        High rainfall /1000mm-2030mm per year.
        Well distributed rainfall throughout the year
        Gentle sloping landscapes.
        Deep –well drained volcanic soils.
    2. Explain three problems facing coffee in Kenya. (6mks)
      The crop is attacked by pests such as leaf miner/aphids/thrips and disease/CBD leaf rust/root rot which lower the yield.
      Fluctuation of coffee prices in the world market causes uncertainities to farmers making it difficult to plan ahead
      Inadequate rainfall in some areas destroy crops leading to losses
      Poor feeder roads in some areas leads to delayed delivery of the coffee berries to the factory lowering quality.
      Mismanagement of the cooperatives leads to delayed payment which discourage the farmers.
      Mismanagement of cooperatives leads to delayed payment which discourage the farmers.
      Poor marketing strategies leads to low prices which discourage farmers.
    3. Composare coffee growing in Kenya and Brazil under the following sub headings
      1. Coffee growing areas. (2mks)
        Coffee growing in Brazil is maily grown at lower altitudes and on gently rolling brazillian plateaos while in Kenya coffee is mainly grown in the highlands.
      2. Soils. (2mks)
        Coffee in Brazil is grown in deep porous/terra rosa soils while in Kenya it is grown in deep volcanic soils.
      3. Labour. (2mks)
        In Kenya the work is done by family members while in Brazil the work is done by tenants.
  2.    
    1.    
      1. What is agro forestry. (2mks)
        It is deliberate growing of trees ,crops and keeping of livestock on the same piece of land.
      2. Differentiate between indigenous and exotic forests. (2mks)
        Indigenous forest are trees which are natural native to a country/trees grow naturally while exotic forest are trees that are alien to a country/trees introduced to the country from other parts of the world.
      3. Name two indigenous soft wood tree species. (2mks)
        Podo.
        Coda/Juniper.
        African pencil.
    2.    
      1. Explain three factors that favour the growth of natural forest on the slopes of Mt.Kenya. (6mks)
        The area received heavy rainfall over 1000mm throughout the year which encourage growth of trees.
        The area has deep volcanic soil that allow the roots to penetrate deep into the ground to support trees.
        The area has well drained soils thus there is no water logging which can choke plants and interfere with growth.
        The area has moderate to cool conditions which are ideal for the growth of variety of trees.
        The area is a gazzetted forest reserve hence settlement and cultivation are prohibited thereby allowing forests to grow without interverence.
      2. State four factors that have led to the reduction of the area under forest on the slope of Mt. Kenya. (4mks)
        The illegal encroachment of human activities.
        The government policy of degazzettement has allowed encroachment of human activities.
        Increase population of Elephants, Buffaloes etc which destroy trees.
        Prolonged drought have caused dying of some trees.
        Plant disease and pests destroy some trees.
        Over exploitation of certain species of trees.
    3. Give the difference in the exploitation of softwood forest in Kenya and Canada under the following headings.
      1. Tree species. (2mks)
        In Kenya there are both exotic and indigenous trees while in Canada there are indigenous soft wood trees only.
      2. Problems facing forestry.(2mks)
        In Kenya pest and diseases affects exotic trees, In Canada harsh cold climate slow down the regeneration of forests after trees have been feiled.
    4. Form Four students in your school carried out a field study on the forestry within their county.
      1. Give three reasons why reconnasance was necessary for a field study.
        It help in designing methods of data collection.
        To help in formulating the hypothesis/objectives of the study.
        To help estimating the cost of the study.
        To get in contact with relevant authority for permission for the visit.
        To help prepare the working schedule.
        To help assembling appropriate apparatus/equipments/instrument for study
        To identify problems likely to encounter.
      2. State two advantages of content analysis in the study of a forests. (2mks)
        It provide old information.
        It is easy to collect the data as they are already analyzed.
        It I leass expensive because relevant publication is available.
  3.    
    1. Differentiate between fishing and fisheries. (2mks)
      Fishing is the exploitatation of water resources such as fish,seals whales,crabs,lobsters,prawns oysters and sea weeds while fisheries are the water bodies that contain fish and other related resources.
    2. Name two types of marine fish caught along the east Africa coast. (2mks)
      Crabs
      Oysters
      Sardines
      Tuna
      Prawn
      Blackskin
      Cat fish
      Miellet
      King fish
      Queen fish
      (Any 2 ×1=2mks)
    3. Use the map of North-West Atlantic fishing ground to answer question
      1. Name the Ocean current marked P and Q. (2mks)
        P-Cold Labrador current.
        Q-Warm gulf stream.
      2. Explain three ways in which the convergence of ocean currents marked P and Q influence fishing. (6mks)
        The warm gulf stream raises the temperature of ocean water making it ice free thereby encouraging fishing throughout the year.
        Convergence of the ocean current causes upwelling of water which increases supply of oxygen and mineral required from the growth of plank to hence presence of many fish.
        It causes cool conditions thereby favouring the growth of planktons required by fish.
      3. Describe how drifting method is used in Fishing . (5mks)
        The drifting net is held vertically in the water by filting floots on the upper
        side and weights at the bottom end of the net to help stretch the net.
        The net is held close to the surface of water since this method is meant to catch pelagic fish.
        As the fish try to go past the net they are trapped by their gills.
        Once the net has caught enough fish the drifter are used to haul it and catch onto he shore.
        The fish are then removed from the net and take for processing.
      4. State three factors which are considered when choosing a fishing method. (3mks)
        The type of fish.
        The depth of water.
        The level of technology.
        The purpose of fishing commercial consumption.
        (Any 3 ×1=3mks)
      5. State three problems which face fishing in Lake Turkana. (3mks)
        Limited modern technology/inadequate capital to develop fishing.
        Shortage of ready market due to remoteness and sparse population.
        Overfishing leading to reduction of the fish population.
        Mismanagement of fishing co-operatives society.
        Reduction/fluctuation of water levels lead to decline of fish catch.
    4. State two reasons why fish farming should be encouraged in Kenya . (2mks)
      It help meet the demand for food with high protein contact.
      It allows better use of land and water resources for example ponds and swamps /occupies a small land.
      It creates employment opportunities for many Kenyan for example pond construction hence source of income
      It is free from inter-territorial conflicts and disputes.
      It leads to development of related industries e.g canning, net making.
      (Any 2×1=2mks)
  4.    
    1.    
      1. Give two non-renewable source of energy. (2mks)
        Petroleum.
        Coal natural gas.
        Thermal electricity.
        Uranium/nuclear/atomic energy.
        Hydro-electric power.
        (Any 2×1=2mks)
      2. State two advantages of using Uranium as a source of energy. (2mks)
        It occurs in huge reserves.
        It produces large amount s energy compared to other sources.
        It has longer lifetime compared to other non-renewable sources of energy.
    2.    
      1. Apart from generating H.E.P, give three other benefits that have resulted from the construction of Masinga dam. (3mks)
        It filter silt to save other dams which are downstreams.
        It provides a fishing ground for the local communities.
        It provide water for domestic use .
        It is a tourist attraction/recreation.
        The dam provide a cross river Tana .
        The reservoir provides water for irrigation.
        (Any 3×1=3mks)
      2. Explain four physical factors that influence the location of a hydro-electric power station. (8mks)
        Presence of large volume of water from a river/lake to provide water to drive turbines.
        Regular /constant water supply to ensure continous generation f power.
        Hardbasement rock to provide a firm foundation for the construction of a dam.
        Presence of rapids/waterfalls/knick points to provide a massive hydrautic force lead for power generation.
        Prescence of deep valley/a river aguge to save on cost of construction of the dam to provide spare for the reservoir.
        Non-porous rock to prevent the seepage of water.
        (Any 4 ×2=8mks)
    3.    
      1. What is Energy crisis. (2mks)
        This is a situation where by the demand for oil is higher than the amount being supplied leading to high oil prices.
      2. Explain four effects that the increase in oil prices has had on the economies of Kenya. (8mks)
        The country spend more of their foreign exchange on importation of oil thus leading to decline in other sectors of their economies.
        There has been increasing cost of transport causing rise in the cost of movement of people. goods and services.
        Production cost have increased leading to an increase in prices of commodities thus reducing the demand on the commodities.
        Some industries that rely on the by products of petroleum have reduced production leading to unemployment
        The country have experienced low economic growth leading to general poverty among the citizens.
        It has led to the need to establish/look for a cheaper source of energy to replace/supplement oil.
        (Any 4 × 2=8mks)
  5.    
    1.    
      1. What is Environmental Hazards. (2mks)
        These are occurrences in the environment that causes disturbance in the Equilbrium of ecosystem.
      2. Identify three types of environmental hazards. (3mks)
        Floods
        Pollution
        Lightening
        Pest and diseases earthquakes
        Tropical cyclonics /windstorms
        Volcanic eruption
        Drought.
        (Any 3 ×1=3mks)
    2.    
      1. State three cause of floods. (3mks)
        When a rivers discharge exceeds the maximum capacity of its channels-the excess water and sediments spill over the river bank onto the surrounding area.
        Rise in the sea level or lake level due to increased rainfall.
        Exceptionally heavy rainfall e.g Eli Nino result in excess water on land.
        When a massive earthquake occur at the sea bed causing tsunami that results in flooding.
        (Any 3 ×1=3mks)
    3. Explain four ways of combating floods in Kenya. (8mks)
      Avoiding flood prone areas people living in flood areas are being encouraged to relocate to safe grounds to prevent loss of life and property.
      Diverting river channels, some river channels have been diverted and meander hoops cut off to control the flow of the rivers.
      Through afforestation, planting more trees to increase vegetation growth especially in water catchment areas to reduce surface run-off and increase infiltration.
      Building artificial levees; these consist of the soil fill ups along the bank of some rivers to contain flood flow along the river channel.
      Construction of dams, these are built to create large water reservoirs that hold large amount of water upstream preventing it from flooding.(Any 4 ×2=8mks)
    4. Students from your school carried out a field study on a flood prone area in your country.
      1. State five reasons why the working schedule as very important in their study. (5mk)
        It gives ample time to each activity so that no activity is forgotten.
        It reduces the tendency to waste time.
        It provide the basis for evaluating the fieldwork while. It is still in progress
        It provide a framework that guides the researcher to remain within the scope of the topic.
        It provide an estimate of the time required for the study.
        (Any 5×1=5mks)
      2. What are the problems likely to be encountered during the field study. (4mks)
        The researcher may fall sick during the study
        The respondent may fail to cooperate
        A language barrier between the researcher and the respondent.
        Transport problems e.g the vehicle may breakdown.
        Environmental constraints e.g rainfall may cut short the field study.
        Financial constraint may bring the fieldwork to a stand still.
        (Any 4 ×1=4mks)
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