Instructions to Candidates
- Write your name and index number in the spaces provided above.
- Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided above.
- Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
- You are required to spend the first 15 minutes of the 13/4hours allowed for this paper reading the whole paper carefully before commencing your work.
- Additional pages must not be inserted.
- Candidates should check the question paper to ascertain that al pages are printed as indicated that no questions are missing.
- Candidates should answer the questions in English.
For Examiner’s use only
Question |
Maximum score |
Candidate’s score |
1 |
14 |
|
2 |
13 |
|
3 |
13 |
|
Total |
40 |
|
Questions
-
- You are provided with a straw and calcium hydroxide in a test tube.
- Dip one and a half of the drinking straw into the calcium hydroxide solution.
- Place your mouth at the open end of the drinking straw. Breathe out such as to bubbles gas into the calcium hydroxide solution five times.
- Record your observations. (1mk)
- Explain you observations in a(i) above. (2mks)
- Write an equation of the reaction that occurred in the test tube. (2mks)
- Apart from the chemical substance under investigation, name two other products that were bubbled into the test tube. (2mks)
- Name the parts followed by gases from the lungs until it is exhaled. (2mk)
- Examine photograph M below and use it to answer the questions that follows:-
- State three observable features which adapt specimen M to gaseous exchange. (2mks)
- State the sub-division and class to which specimen M belongs;-
Sub-division:(1mk)
Class:(1mk)
- You are provided with a straw and calcium hydroxide in a test tube.
- You are provided with soaked bean seed, Iodine solution, Biuret’s reagent, a scalpel and a hand lens.
By use of a scalpel, carefully cut the bean seed longitudinally such as to separate the two cotyledons.- By use of a dropper, smear Iodine solution onto the exposed surfaces of the first cotyledon.
- Record your observation. (1mk)
- Account for observation in a(i) above. (1mks)
- By use of a dropper, smear some Biuret’s reagent onto the exposed surface of the second cotyledon.
- Record your observation. (1mk)
- Account for your observation in b(i) above. (1mk)
- Explain how the type of germination in the specimen occurs. (3mks)
- State the role of the following in the germination of a seed.
- Oxygen (1mk)
- Water (2mks)
- Cotyledon (3mks)
- By use of a dropper, smear Iodine solution onto the exposed surfaces of the first cotyledon.
- You are provided with specimen labelled as K and L in a petri-dish. Examine them.
- Identify specimens K and L. (2mks)
-
- Draw and label the anterior parts of specimen K. (4mks)
- State ways by which specimen K is adapted to its functions. (3mks)
- From which parts of the body were specimens K and L obtained?
Specimen K:(1mk)
Specimen L:(1mk) - Name the bone that articulates with specimen L at the:
- Proximal end (1mk)
- Distal end(1mk)
- Name the type of joint formed by specimen L at the anterior part; (1mk)
MARKING SCHEME
-
-
- A white precipitate formed
- Exhaled air contains carbon (IV) oxide which reacts with calcium hydroxide to form a white precipitate (Calcium carbonate)
- Calcium hydroxide + Carbon (IV) oxide → Calcium carbonate + Water
Or
2CaOH +CO2 → 2CaCO3+H2O -
- Water/Moisture
- Heat energy
- Oxygen, Nitrogen + rare gases (name all)
- Alveolus Bronchioles Bronchus Trachea
- (Each ½ mks x 4 =2mks)
-Correct order
-
-
- Has broad lamina to increase surface area for gaseous exchange
- Has thin lamina to increase rate of gaseous exchange by reducing diffusion distance
- Has cuticle for gaseous exchange
-
- Sub-division: Angiospermae/Angiosoermaphyta/Angiospermatophyta
- Class : Dicotyledonae
-
-
-
-
- No colour change/Iodine colour persists
- Starch absent/Don’t store starch
-
- Colour changes to purple/violet
- Proteins present/stores proteins
-
- is epigeal germination
- The Hypocotyl grows faster/more rapidly than the epicotyl
- This pulls the cotyledon and plumule out of the soil
-
-
- Oxidise food/glucose to provide energy for germination
OR
Oxygen is used in respiration to provide energy for germination
- Oxidise food/glucose to provide energy for germination
-
- Hydrolyse stored food
- Activates germination enzymes
- Provides medium for biochemical reactions
- Softens testa to allow emergence of plumule/radicle
-
- Food storage.
- Protects plumule and radicle from mechanical damage.
- May photosynthesise in seedling
-
-
-
-
- K- Thoracic Vertebrae
- L- Humerus bone
-
-
- Has a long neural spine to increase surface area for attachment of muscles.
- Has tuber facets to articulate with ribs
- Has a large centrum to supper more height
-
- K-Thoracic /chest region
- L-Fore-limbs
-
-
- Scapula
-
- Radius and Ulna bone
-
- Ball and Socket joint
-
CONFIDENTIAL
- Each candidate is required to have the following:-
- A bean seed (soaked overnight)
- scalpel
- Calcium hydroxide (CaOH) - 4cm3 in a test tube.
- Drinking straw (transparent.)
- A petri-dish
- Access to the following:-
- Humerus bone - labeled as K
- Thoracic vertebrae - labeled as L
- A Hand lens
- Biuret’s reagent + a dropper
- Iodine solution + a dropper
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