INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATE
- This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
- Answer ALL the questions in section A, three questions from Section B and two questions from section C.
SECTION A -25 MARKS
- Give two unwritten sources of information on History and Government. (2 marks)
- What was the main reason for the migration of the Eastern Bantu from Shugwaya during Pre-colonial period.
(1 mark) - State one political functions of the council of elders among the Agikuyu in the 19th Century. (1mark)
- State two reasons why Seyyid Said transferred his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar.(2marks)
- Identify the two main items of trade from the interior during the long distance trade.(2marks)
- Give two reasons that can make a registerd person to lose citizenship in Kenya.
- State two function of the African welfare organizations in urban during the colonial period (2marks)
- Two practices that may interfere with national unity in Kenya. (2marks)
- Give one factor that led to the growth of Nairobi as a modern urban centre. (1mark)
- Give any characteristic of a good constitution. (1mark)
- Identify two types of democracy (2marks
- State one contributions of parastals to the economic development of Kenya .(1mark)
- Who is the head of the national police services. (1mark)
- Give the main reason why poll tax was introduced in Kenya during the colonial period. (1mark)
- Give one way through which white settlers acquired land during the colonial period. (1marks)
- Identify two types of land holdings in Kenya (2marks)
- State one way in which the rule of law is upheld in Kenya. (1mark)
SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions
-
- Give five reasons for the migration of the Mijikenda from Shungwaya during the pre-colonial period. (5 marks)
- Explain five social effects of the migration and settlement of the Mijikenda in their present homeland.
(10 marks)
-
- State five characteristics of early Coastal city states. (5marks)
- Explain five factors that led to the decline of the Portuguese rule along the Kenyan Coast. (10marks)
-
- Give 3 reasons why African were put in reserves during the colonial period (3marks)
- Explain six problems faced by African workers for the European settlement during the colonial period. (12marks)
-
- State five griencies that the Asians presented to the Duke of Devonshire in 1923. (5mark)
- Explain five effects of the Devonshire white paper of 1923. (10marks)
SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
Answer any Two questions in this section
-
- What five situations can make registered voter to be denied the right to vote in Kenya? (5marks)
- Explain the rights to an accused person during trial in a court of Law in Kenya. (10marks)
-
- Identify five categories of persons whose personal liberty is limited. (5marks)
- Explain five civil responsibilities of the Kenyan citizen. (10marks)
-
- Outline three occasions when the president attends parliament. (3marks)
- Explain how parliamentary supremacy is practiced in Kenya. (12marks)
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A -25 MARKS
- Give two unwritten sources of information on History and Government. (2 marks)
- Oral traditions/oral source
- Archaeology/paleontology
- Genetics
- Linguistics
- Anthropology Any 2x1 = 2 marks
- Oral traditions/oral source
- What was the main reason for the migration of the Eastern Bantu from Shugwaya during Pre-colonial period.
(1 mark)
- Due to attacks by the Galla 1x1=1 mark
- State one political functions of the council of elders among the Agikuyu in the 19thC. (1mark)
- Maintaining law and order
- Settling disputes
- Declaring war
- Maintaining law and order
- State two reasons why Seyyid Said transferred his capital from Muscat to Zanzibar. (2marks)
- It had a cool climate compared to muscat which was hot and dry
- To control the East African coast effectively
- Zanzibar was defensible as an Island
- Good soil for growth of cloves
- It had a cool climate compared to muscat which was hot and dry
- Identify the two main items of trade from the interior during the long distance trade. (2marks)
- Ivory
- Gold
- Slaves
- Ivory
- Give two reasons that can make a registerd person to lose citizenship in Kenya. (2marks)
- If acquired through fraud
- If during war in which Kenya is engaged one has traded secrets to the enemy
- If acquired through fraud
- State two function of the African welfare organizations in urban centres during the colonial period (2marks)
- Assisting new arrivals to settle down in towns
- Offset medical bills of member
- Payment of school fees for members children
- Pay for funeral expenses
- Organize social gatherings e.g. sports
- Pay rents for jobless members
- Assisting new arrivals to settle down in towns
- Two practices that may interfere with national unity in Kenya. (2marks)
- Greed
- Tribalism
- Nepotism
- Racism
- Give one factor that led to the growth of Nairobi as a modern urban centre. (1mark)
- Location near Nairobi river
- Cool temperatures
- Trading activities
- Was almost in the middle of Mombasa and lake victoria
- Give any characteristic of a good constitution. (1mark)
- Protect fundamental rights and freedoms
- Durable and elastic
- Comprehensive
- Definite
- Two types of democracy (2marks)
- Direct
- Indirect
- Constitutional
- State one contribution of parastals to the economic development of Kenya. (1mark)
- Provide employment opportunities.
- Who is the head of the national police services? (1mark)
- Inspector general
- Give the main reason why poll tax was introduced in Kenya during the colonial period. (1mark)
- To force Africans to provide labour
- Give one way through which white settlers acquired land during the colonial period. (1mark)
- Force
- Legislation
- Identify two types of land holdings in Kenya (2marks)
- Public land occupied by state e.g first land, oil field land
- Private land owned by a person either as free hold or lease hold
- Community land belongs to community e.g shrines grazing land, first for hunters community
- State one way in which the rule of law is upheld in Kenya. (1mark)
- Guaranteeing the independence of the judiciary
SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions
-
- Give five reasons for the migration of the Mijikenda from Shungwaya during the pre-colonial period.
(5 marks)
- Due to attacks by the Oromo/Cushitic speakers.
- Due to increased population.
- Due to internal conflicts/family/clan feuds.
- In search for land for cultivation.
- Due to drought/famine.
- Due to outbreak of diseases/epidemics.
- Due to love for adventure. 5 x 1 = 5 marks
- Due to attacks by the Oromo/Cushitic speakers.
- Explain five social effects of the migration and settlement of the Mijikenda in their present homeland.
(10 marks)
- They intermarried with other groups thereby strengthening relationships.
- There was cultural exchange due to their interaction with other people/assimilation/absorption.
- There was an increase in population in the areas where they settled.
- There were inter-community conflicts/wars in the areas they settled.
- It caused redistribution of people in the areas they settled leading to furthermigration/displacement.
- Some were converted to Islam due to their interaction with Arabs.
- It led to the establishment of Kaya/villages which were fortified in order to protect themselves against external attacks. 5 x 2 = 10 marks
- They intermarried with other groups thereby strengthening relationships.
- Give five reasons for the migration of the Mijikenda from Shungwaya during the pre-colonial period.
-
- State five characteristics of early Coastal city states. (5marks)
- Kiswahili was the main language
- Islam was the main religion
- Trade was the main economic activity
- They were ruled by Imams
- Houses were constructed using Arabic architectural design
- They were independent
- Kiswahili was the main language
- Explain five factors that led to the decline of the Portuguese rule along the Kenyan Coast. (10marks)
- The officials were ruthless to Africans and therefore didn’t cooperate.
- There was constant rebellion from the coastal community against Portuguese.
- The combine attacks from the Persians and Arabs proved formidable
- Inadequate funds to pay administrators
- lacked administrative skills
- Portuguese had inadequate personnel to effectively manage the coast
- They were attacked by the Zimba warriors from Zimbabwe
- The long distance between Goa in India and Portugal delayed reinforcement.
- The movement received moral and material support from Independent African countries. 5x 2= 10 mk.
- The officials were ruthless to Africans and therefore didn’t cooperate.
- State five characteristics of early Coastal city states. (5marks)
-
- Give 3 reasons why African were put in reserves during the colonial period
- To create a pool of African labour for settler farming/Europeans
- To avail land/create space for white settlement
- To restrict the movement of Africans
- For easy control/monitoring of African activities
- For easy control of African nationalism (3x1 = 3marks)
- To create a pool of African labour for settler farming/Europeans
- Explain six problems faced by African workers for the European settlement during the colonial period.
(6marks)
- They were paid low wages which could hardly meet their expenses thereby making them lead squatter
/impoverished lives - The living conditions were poor as they were crowded in residential houses with inadequate sanitation
- The working conditions were very difficult as they were sometimes mistreated/whipped
- They were subjected to long working hours without compensation which made them develop negative
attitude towards work - They were forced to pay taxes despite their poor remuneration/low wages
- There were inadequate amenities/schools/health facilities to cope with the large number of workers
- They were despised on the basis of their colour/race and this lowered their dignity
- They were not allowed to form workers’ union as the settlers feared that they would incite/organize
strikes against them - They were provided with inadequate food rations which led to malnutrition (6x2 = 12 marks)
- They were paid low wages which could hardly meet their expenses thereby making them lead squatter
- Give 3 reasons why African were put in reserves during the colonial period
-
- State five griencies that the Asians presented to the Duke of Devonshire in 1923. (5marks)
- Wanted part of white highlands
- Ban on Asian immigration lifted.
- Equal rights and opportunities with Europeans
- Increased representation in the LEGCO
- To be allowed to use European markets in Nairobi
- Wanted part of white highlands
- Explain five effects of the Devonshire white paper of 1923. (10marks)
- Indians were denied settlement in the highlands
- Africans were represented in the LEGCO
- Africans were recognized as the origin natives
- Rivalry between Asians and Europeans increased.
- Content angered both Europeans and Asians
- It saved Africans from harsh treatment.
- It failed to resolve African labour and land issues.
- Indians were denied settlement in the highlands
- State five griencies that the Asians presented to the Duke of Devonshire in 1923. (5marks)
SECTION C: (30 MARKS)
Answer any Two questions in this section
-
- What five situations can make registered voter to be denied the right to vote in Kenya?
- When one is in custody
- When one is insane/ unsound mind
- When one presents oneself in a constituency where one is not registered
- When one is discovered to have registered twice
- When one does not have a national identification Card on the voting day/ one has a defective National Identification Card
- When ones name does not appear in the voters register
- When one is time barred/ late (Any 5 x 1 = 5 mk)
- When one is in custody
- Explain the rights to an accused person during trial in a court of Law in Kenya\
- The accused person is presumed innocent until proven guilty
- He/ She should be informed of the charge with sufficient detail so as to prepare a defence.
- One should be given adequate time to consult with the advocate/ witness
- One should be present when court proceedings are taking place
- One should be given a chance to plead for leniency
- One should not be forced to give evidence
- One should be allowed to be heard
- One should be allowed to appeal against the ruling
- Right to legal representation (Any 5 x 2 = 10 mk)
- The accused person is presumed innocent until proven guilty
- What five situations can make registered voter to be denied the right to vote in Kenya?
-
- Identify five categories of persons whose personal liberty is limited. (5marks)
- Convicted criminals
- Suspected criminals
- Drug addicts
- Vagrant
- A person with infectious diseases
- A young person under 18 years to secure education.
- Convicted criminals
- Explain five civil responsibilities of the Kenyan citizen. (10marks)
- Obedience to the laws
- Payment of taxes
- Duty to protect life
- Participation in community activities
- Should be gender sensitive
- Not non-discrimination
- Conservation of environment
- Promotion of high moral behavior.
- Obedience to the laws
- Identify five categories of persons whose personal liberty is limited. (5marks)
-
- Outline three occasions when the president attends parliament. (3marks)
- During the reading of the budget
- During the official opening of parliament
- When giving the state of the nation address in parliament.
- During special sittings
- During the reading of the budget
- Explain how parliamentary supremacy is practiced in Kenya. (12marks)
- It is the only law making body
- Can impeach the president
- Approves government revenue and expenditure
- Approves presidential appointments
- Approves declaration of war.
- Have parliamentary immunity.
- Only body that amends the constitution
- Cabinet secretaries are answerable to parliament.
- It is the only law making body
- Outline three occasions when the president attends parliament. (3marks)
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