History Paper 2 Kenya High Post Mock Exams 2020 - Questions and Answers

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• This paper consists of THREE sections: A, B and C.
• Answer ALL the questions in section A, THREE questions from section B and TWO questions from section C.
• Answers to all the questions must be written in answer sheets provided

SECTION A (25 MARKS)
Answer all the questions in this section in the answer booklet provided

1. State two disadvantages of using electronic sources of information in history and government. (2 Marks)
2. Why was the Homo habilis referred to as “Able man”? (1 Mark)
3. State two early agricultural practices used in Britain before 1850. (2 Marks)
4. Name one African country that thwarted European invasion and occupation in the 19thcentury (1Mark)
5. State two causes of the Chimuregawar. (2 Marks)
6. Identify two disadvantages of electricity as a source of energy (2 Marks)
7. List two negative effects of urbanization in Cairo (2 Marks)
8. What was the main reason for the use of direct rule in Zimbabwe? (1 Mark)
9. State two ways in which the steam engine contributed to industrial revolution in Britain. (2 Marks)
10. Enumerate two economic factors for the growth of the MweneMutapa kingdom. (2 Mark)
11. Identify the main challenge facing industrialization in third world countries (1 Mark)
12. Outline two methods used by the international community to hasten majority rule in South Africa. (1 Mark)
13. Why in the camel referred as the ship of the desert. (1 Mark)
14. What was the role of the Tuareqs during the Trans-Saharan trade (1Mark)
15. State two results of the Berlin conference of November 1884 to Feb 1885. (2 Mark)
16. Identify the contribution of Andreas Vesalius in the field of medicine (1 Mark)
    
    SECTION B (45 MARKS)
    Answer any three questions from this section in the answer booklet provided.
17.  
    1. Identify three types of trade. (3 Marks)
    2. Describe the organization of the Trans Sahara trade (12 Marks)
18.  
    1. Give three ways through which trade contributed to the rise of the Asante kingdom in the 18th century (3 Marks)
    2. Describe the social organization of the Asante (12 Marks)
19.  
    1. Identify five causes of food shortage in third world countries. (5 Marks)
    2. Explain the factors that led to Agrarian revolution in the USA. (10Marks)
20.  
    1. State three characteristics of industrial revolution in Europe. (3 Marks)
    2. Explain six factors hindering industrialization in third world countries. (12Marks)
       
       SECTION C (30 MARKS)
       Answer any two questions from this section in the answer booklet provided.
21.  
    1. Enumerate the terms of the Lochner - Lewanika treaty of 1890 (3 Marks)
    2. Explain the results of Lewanika’s collaboration with the British. (12Marks)
22.  
    1. State three characteristics of indirect rule (3 Marks)
    2. Discuss six reasons why indirect rule failed in SouthernNigeria (12Marks)
23.  
    1. What were the factors for the growth of nationalism in Ghana? (5 Marks)
    2. Explain the role of Kwame Nkrumah in the struggle of Ghana’s independence in 1957. (10 Marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Disadvantages of using electronic sources of information in history and government.
   
   • Expensive to buy
   • Requires electricity which is not available in all areas.
   • Not realistic - Exaggerations
   • Limited to the literate class 2 x 1 = 2 Marks
2. Why the Homo habilis was is referred to as “Able man”?
   
   • This man was able to grasp objects
   • Was able to make tools 1 x 1 = 1 Mark
3. State too early agricultural practice used in Britain before 1850.
   
   • Farmers used simple tools to cultivate
   • Use of broadcasting method
   • Farmers grew two or more crops on the same land
   • The farmers practiced mixed farming on communal land
4. African country that thwarted European invasion and occupation in the 19th century
   
   • Ethiopia 1 x 1 = mark
5. Causesof the Chimurega war.
   
   • Ndebele and Shona were against loss of their independence.
   • They were against loss of their land
   • They were against heavy taxation
   • The Ndebele were against loss of their cattle 2 x 1 = 2 Marks
6. Disadvantage of electricity as a source of energy
   
   • Electricity is dangerous if not property installed
   • Electricity generation and distribution is very expensive
   • Electricity generation relies on weather condition and therefore unreliable source of energy. 2 x 1 = 2 marks
7. Negative effects of urbanization in Cairo
   
   • Rural – urban migration
   • Emergence of immoral values
   • Over crowding
   • Unemployment
   • Emergence of poor houses/slums 2 x 1 = 2 Marks
8. Main reason for the use of direct rule in Zimbabwe
   
   • There was availability of enough manpower 1 x 1 = 1 Mark
9. Ways in which the steam engine contributed to industrial revolution in Britain.
   
   • It facilitated faster transportation of raw materials and finished goods
   • It was used to pump water out of coal mines to facilitate mining
   • It provided a source of energy in the factories
   • It facilitated transportation of industrial workers 2 x 1 = 2 Marks
10. Economic factors for the growth of the MweneMutapa kingdom.
    
    • Farming activities encouraged adequate food supply hence resources were directed in growing the kingdom
    • Trading:The Shona were long distance traders
    • Craft industries. The Shona made iron tools, that were used conquest 2 x 1 = 2Marks
11. Main challenge facing industrialization in third world countries
    
    • Lack of political good will 1 x 1 = 1 marks
12. Methods used by the international community to hasten majority rule in South Africa.
    
    • Economic sanctions - Refuse to trade with S/Africa
    • Military sanctions - Refuse to sell arms to South Africa
    • Diplomatic relationships - refuse to trade with south Africa 2 x 1 = 2 Marks
13. Why in the camel isrefered as the ship of the desert.
    
    • Can move long distance without food and water. 1 x 1 = 1 Mark
14. What was the role of the Tuareqs during the Trans-Saharan trade
    
    • Provided food and accommodation
    • Acted as interpreters
    • Acted as guides
    • Acted as guards / security
      Protected the Oasis 1 x 1 = 1 Mark
15. Results of the Berlin conference of Nov 1884 to Feb 1885.
    
    • Defined three rivers for free navigation
    • CongoFree State was recognized as property of Belgium/king Leopold (II) Belgium
    • Europeans to declare their sphere of influence
    • Effective occupation 2 x 1 = 1 Marks
16. Contribution of Andreas Vesalius in the field of medicine
    
    • Anatomy:- dissection and examination of human corpses. 1 x 1 = 1 Mark
      
      SECTION B (45 MARKS)
17.   
    1. Types of trade.
       
       • Local trade
       • Regional trade
       • International trade 3 x 1 = 3 Marks
    2. The organization of the Trans Sahara trade
       
       • The trade involved the Arabs trades from North Africa, desert tribes such as the Berbers and Tuareqs and people of West Africa
       • Trades organized large caravans consisting of camels and traders
       • The desert tribes assisted the traders with water, security and acted as interpreters
       • Goods were organized in advance. Agents sold goods on behalf of the traders
       • The caravans left North Africa after the rainy season
       • Traders gave gifts to the leaders of communities along trade routes
       • Trade organized as barter trade 12 x 1 = 12 Marks
18.   
    1. Ways though which trade contributed to the rise of the Asante kingdom in the 18th century
       
       • Trade enabled the kingdom to acquire revenue
       • Trade enabled them to acquire weapons which were used to expand kingdom
       • Wealth from trade boosted the kings prestige
       • Need for items encouraged kings to acquire more territories
       • Wealth was used to reward loyal provincial rules 3 x 1= 3 Marks
    2. Describe the social organization of the Asante
       
       • The kingdom was composed of many communities who spoke the Akan \Twi language
       • Asante were organized in clans
       • Marriage between members of same clan was prohibited / exogamy
       • Inheritance of property was matrilineal
       • Community was bound together by the golden stool
       • Odwira annual cultural festival was held at Kumasi to honour the ancestors
       • Society was divided into social classes
       • Asante were polytheists / worshipped many gods and goddesses
       • Kings were regarded as semi-divine and were religious leaders 12 x 1 = 12 Marks
19.   
    1. Causes of food shortage in third word countries.
       
       • High population
       • Political instability
       • Poor storage facilities
       • Emphasis on growth of cash crops
       • Soil erosion / infertile soils
       • Overstocking
       • Poor economies
       • lack of capital
       • Lack of good food policy 5 x 1 = 5 Marks
    2. Factors that led to Agrarian revolution in the USA.
       
       • Environment. -Division into different agricultural zones
       • Cheap slave labour
       • Mechanization in the north
       • Government policy / support
       • Good transport network
       • Adequate capital
       • Technology - canning and refrigeration
       • Research stations
       • Immigrants with knowledge of agriculture
       • Availability of land 2 x 5 = 3 marks
20.   
    1. Characteristics of industrial revolution in Europe.
       
       • Use of steam power as source of energy
       • Rise of modern capitalism
       • Goods were produced on large scale due to introduction of machines
       • Rise of the factory system in towns instead of cottage industries
       • Use of machines to replace human and animals labour
       • Development of trade – union movement
       • Improved living standards 3 x 1 = 3 Marks
    2. Factors hindering industrialization in third world countries.
       
       • Inadequate funds
       • Poor means of transport and communication net works that hinder easy delivery of goods to markets
       • European colonization exploited African resources and human resources hence did not want to develop these
       • Inadequate skilled manpower due to low literacy levels
       • Inadequate technology to manufacture quality goods and to exploit the natural resources.
       • Protectionist policies by developing countries discourage private enterprises and foreign investments
       • Inadequate sources of energy
       • Shift competition from the developed countries
       • Political instability 2 x 6 = 12 Marks
         
         SECTION C (30 MARKS)
21.   
    1. Terms of the lochner - Lewanika treaty of 1890
       
       • BSAC would have exclusive mining rights in Bulozi
       • Lewanika would be paid 200 pounds a year and royalties of 4% of all mineral in the area
       • BSAC would build schools and promote trade
       • Bulozi would be protected from external attacks
       • Lewanika would be a constitutional king
       • A British resident would be posted to the area to monitor BSAC activities advice Lewanika
         Any 3 x 1 = 3 Marks
    2. Results of Lewanika’s collaboration with the British.
       
       • The Lozi people lost their independence
       • Lewanika was made a paramount chief
       • Lewanika was protected from his enemies such as the Germans, Boers, Ndebele and the Portuguese
       • The Lozi got were given western education and western medicine
       • The Lozi got imported goods from the British such as clothes, guns etc
       • The Lozi were subjected to economic exploitation such as forced labour and taxation
         Any six 6 x 2 = 12 Marks
22.   
    1. Characteristics of indirect rule
       
       • African chiefs and headmen were appointed to rule the Africans
       • Colonies were divided into provinces, districts and divisions and villages.
       • The senior position in administration were occupied by the Europeans
       • European policies were implemented by the Africans 3 x 1 = 3 Marks
    2. Six reasons why indirectrule failed in SouthernNigeria
       
       • There was lack of unity in the South due to many ethnic groups with diverse cultures, religion and languages
       • The Yoruba were given excessive powers and this caused resentment and discontent among the people
       • The warrant chiefs were unpopular because they had no traditional claim to office and were imposed on the people by the British
       • The educated elite were ignored by the government and relegated and relegated to minor positions. This provoked resentment among the people.
       • The people were opposed to direct taxation, forced labour and this had in 1918 culminated in the Igbo riots
       • Southern Nigeria did not have a centralized governments suitable for indirect rule.
       • Southern Nigeria lacked linguistic unity, making it difficult to administer 6 x 2 = 12 Marks
23.   
    1. Factors for the growth of nationalism in Ghana.
       
       • Young Western educated people. These had elementary education but could not secure jobs.
       • Smaller group of Africans with higher education who could articulate the grievances of their people.
       • Farmers were upset by the meagreprofits they received from the sale of cocoa to European firms
       • Ordering of Africans to cut down their cocoa tree after an outbreak of the “Swollen shoot” disease
       • Ex-servicemen had gained exposure and confidence to deal with the Europeans
       • The government granted trading licenses selectively to European traders denying Africans.
         Any 5 = 5 x 1 = 5 Marks
    2. The role of Kwame Nkrumah in the struggle of Ghana’s independence in 1957.
       
       • His role in Pan – Africansim congress made him the best choice among elites to carry on party affairs
       • His arrest and subsequent deportation to the North of Ghana popularized him among the Ghanaians.
       • He founded the Conventional Peoples Party which advocated for radicalism in agitating for independence.
       • CPP protested colonialism and the authority wielded by the Ashanti chiefdoms whose royal families wielded immense power
       • He was innovative in politics (had Red, white and green flag for his party, party slogans and songs) which made the party vibrant among the youth.
       • His eloquence in speech making against colonialism.
       • He started the newspaper. “Accra evening news” to advance the cause for the people of Gold coast.
         Any 5 x 2 = 10 Marks