HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT Marking Scheme - Form 2 End of Term 1 2019 Examinations

SECTION A

1. Give two branches in the study of history and government. (1mk
   • social history
   • political history
   • economic history

2. Identify two types of electronic sources of information on history and government. (2mks
   • radio
   • micro-films
   • audio visual (television)
   • data bank/ computers

3. Identify two economic activities of the early man. (2mks
   • hunting                           
   • crop farming
   • gathering                       
   • trade
   • fishing

4. Identify two theories that explain the origin of Agriculture. (2mks
   • independent theory
   • diffusion theory

5. Identify one social effect of the interaction of the Somali with the Bantu before 1200 AD. (1mk
   • Circumcision
   • age- set system
   • intermarriages.

6. State the main economic activity of Purko Maasai during the pre-colonial period. (1mk
   • nomadic pastrolism /livestock keeping.

7. Name two factors that enabled Arabs traders to come to Kenyan Coast by 1500 AD.
   • accessibility of Kenyan Coast through the sea.
   • availability of dhows
   • Presence of monsoon winds
   • Availability of capital

8. Name two historical monuments built by the Portuguese along the Kenyan Coast. (2mks
   • Fort Jesus
   • Vasco-da-gama pillar

9. Name the earliest missionary society to send missionaries in Kenya during the 19^th century.(1mk
   • Church missionary society
     
     

10. Give one symbol of National Unity in Kenya. (1mk
    • National flag
    • National anthem
    • Coat of Arms
    • National seal
    • Public seal

11. Mention two methods of trade.
    • Barter method of trade
    • Currency method of trade

12. Highlight two effects of local trade. (2mks
    • Made essential goods available
    • improved the standard of living of those involved
    • Led to the growth of towns which were former trade centres

13. Give two advantages of human transport.   (2mks
    • Readily available
    • Cheap
    • Convenient
    • Flexible
    • Rare cases of accidents
    • Offer door to door services

14. State one feature of a cell phone. (1mk
    • Camera
    • Clock
    • Calculator
    • Ringtone
    • Sending/receiving messages

15. Identify two nations which pioneered space exploration . (2mks
    • U.S.S.R
    • U.S.A

SECTION B (60 marks)

16.  
    1. Identify five factors that led to the migration of the Agikuyu. (5mks
       • Search of land to cultivate
       • Escape from hostile neighbours and external attacks
       • Internal family feuds and conflicts.
       • Population pressure on limited land
       • Human and animal diseases e.g. anthrax
       • Natural calamities such as famines, floods etc
       • The spirit of adventure
       • Territorial expansion using advanced iron working improvements
         
         
         
         
         
17.  
    1. State five problems faced by Trans-Saharan Traders. (5mk
       • Long and tiresome journey across the desert.
       • Inadequate water and food
       • Extreme weather conditions of the desert- too cold at night and too hot during the day.
       • Attack by hostile desert communities
       • Lack of a common language for transaction of trade
       • Frequent sand storm.
       • Loss of direction in the desert.
       • Attack by dangerous desert creatures- scorpions, snakes e.t.c.
       • Insecurity because of declining and falling in kingdoms
       • Exhaustion of trade goods especially gold
       • Frequent shit of trade routes.
    2. Explain the factors that led to the decline of Trans-Atlantic Trade.   (10mks
       • Industrial revolution in Europe- human labour was replaced with machines
       • America’s independence of 1776 left the British without source of raw materials hence encouraged Africans to be retained in Africa to produce raw materials
       • British economists urged that free people are more productive than enslaved people.
       • Christian missionaries campaigned against slave trade.
       • Slaves working against their masters
       • French revolution of 1789 advocated for liberty and equality of all peopl
       • British abolished slave trade and influenced other nations to do so
18.  
    1. Give three disadvantages of using boda boda bicycles and motorcycles as a means of transport(3mks
       • They lead to congestion on roads
       • They are limited to short distance
       • They are limited to transporting small quantities of goods
       • They cannot operate in extreme weather conditions
       • Prone to accidents
    2. Explain six negative effects of modern means of communication (12mks
       • Noise pollution
       • Addiction from prolonged use of devices like internets
       • Expensive to obtain and maintain
       • Increased cyber crimes
       • Immorality – phonographic materials
       • Erosion of culture
       • Destructive warfare

SECTIION C (30 mks

19.  
    1. State three ways of becoming a Kenyan citizen.   (3mks
       • By birth
       • By registration
       • By dual citizenship
    2. Explain six political rights of a Kenyan citizen. (12mks
       • Right to vote or be voted to an office
       • Right to access justic
       • Right to a fair hearing on the rule of law- public hearing before a court tribunal and right to adequate time and facilities for defence.
       • Equity and freedom from discrimination by the state on basis of gender, status, health and ethnic and social origin.
       • Freedom of peaceful demonstration, picketing and petition
       • Right to form a political party, to recruit members and even campaign.
       • Right to freedom and security
       • Right to access to justice
20.  
    1. Give five non – violent methods of conflict resolution (5mks
       • Use of elders
       • Abitration
       • Religious leaders
       • Mediation
       • Dialogue
       • Legislature
       • Policing
       • International agreements
       • Litigation
    2. Explain five factors that promote national unity in Kenya (10mks
       • The constitution- guarantees equal rights and opportunities to all
       • One government- recognized by every Kenya
       • Education system- in all public schools
       • Equal distribution of wealth and resources – through C.D.F
       • Social and economic integration activities- trade, working, intermarriages, urbanization e.t.c.
       • National language- Kiswahili and English
       • National activities – National holidays, games, agricultural forums
       • National symbols of unity
       • National philosophies – Harambee, Nyayosism
       • Presidency
       • Common currency
       • Mass media