Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
SECTION A: 15 MARKS)
- Define the term anthropology. (1 mk)
- Identify two important rivers that supported early Agriculture in Mesopotamia. (2 mks)
- Give two challenges that faced pioneer farmers in U.S.A. (2 mks)
- Give two religious functions of Orkoiyot among the Nandi in pre-colonial Kenya. (2 mks)
- Identify one way of becoming a Kenyan citizen. (1 mk)
- Mention two peaceful ways of solving conflicts in the society. (2 mks)
- What is trade? (1 mk)
- Name two types of trade. (2 mks)
- Give two animals used to transport goods in traditional society in Kenya. (2 mks)
- Identify any two fastest ways of transporting goods in modern world. (2 mks)
SECTION B: (15 MARKS)
Answer any one question.
-
- State the advantages of domesticated animals by man. (3 mks)
- Explain the impacts of interaction between Kenyan people in pre-colonial Kenya. (12 mks)
-
- Identify any three characteristics of regional trade. (3 mks)
- Explain the factors that led to decline of Trans-Atlantic slave Trade. (12 mks)
Marking Scheme
SECTION A: 15 MARKS)
- Define the term anthropology. (1 mk)
- The study of human beings, their origin, development, customs, beliefs and social relationships.
- Identify two important rivers that supported early Agriculture in Mesopotamia. (2 mks)
- Tigris
- Euphrates
- Give two challenges that faced pioneer farmers in U.S.A. (2 mks)
- Outbreak of disease
- Unfamiliar climate/ alien soils
- Lack of farm equipment
- Give two religious functions of Orkoiyot among the Nandi in pre-colonial Kenya. (2 mks)
- He was a religious leader
- He foretold the future
- He was the chief medicine man
- He blessed warriors before they went out to war
- Identify one way of becoming a Kenyan citizen. (1 mk)
- By birth
- By registration
- Mention two peaceful ways of solving conflicts in the society. (2 mks)
- Religious action
- Diplomacy
- Negotiation
- Litigation
- What is trade? (1 mk)
- It is the exchange of goods and services between people or countries
- Name two types of trade. (2 mks)
- Local
- Regional
- International
- Give two animals used to transport goods in traditional society in Kenya. (2 mks)
- Donkey
- Camel
- Identify any two fastest ways of transporting goods in modern world. (2 mks)
- By air
- By electric train
SECTION B: (15 MARKS)
-
- State the advantages of domesticated animals by man. 3 mks)
- Used in transport, e.g. donkeys
- Provided regular food supply
- Provided hooves and horns used as drinking vessels
- Provided manure
- Provided security/ used in hunting e.g. dog
- Explain the impacts of interaction between Kenyan people in pre-colonial Kenya. (12 mks)
- Cultural exchange
- Trade increased
- Inter- marriages
- Warfare over limited resources
- Assimilation/ absorption of weaker communities
- Exchange of skills e.g. iron smithing and agriculture
- State the advantages of domesticated animals by man. 3 mks)
-
- Identify any three characteristics of regional trade. (3 mks)
- Large volume of goods is involved
- Existence of middlemen
- Covers a bigger geographical area
- A variety of goods are exchanged
- Explain the factors that led to decline of Trans-Atlantic slave Trade. (12 mks)
- Industrialization when machines were developed
- Economists, e.g. Adan Smith, argued that free men were more productive than slaves
- Christian missionaries fought against slave trade and slavery
- American independence in1776, denied Britain a slave market
- The French revolution of 1789, spread the idea of equality and liberty of all human kind
- Closure of the American slave market
- Development of legitimate trade replaced slave trade.
- Identify any three characteristics of regional trade. (3 mks)
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