INSTRUCTION
- Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
SECTION A: (40 MARKS)
Answer all the questions from this section.
- Name two sources of history of Kenyan communities during pre-colonial period. (2 mks)
- Identify three similarities between early agriculture in Mesopotamia and Egypt. (3 mks)
- State two reasons why the Portuguese were able to conquer the coastal towns by 1500AD.(2 mks)
- State two ways in which mission stations in Kenya promoted to the spread of Christianity.(2 mks)
- Give two reasons that can make a registered person to loose citizenship in Kenya. (2 mks)
- Identify three ways in which education system in Kenya promotes National unity (3 mks)
- State three ways in which poor transport systems have contributed to food shortage in Africa. (3 mks)
- Give four effects of telecommunication in modern society. (4 mks)
- Name any two early sources of energy. (2 mks)
- Give any three limitations of using fire and smoke signals in communication. (3 mks)
- State three roles of tuaregs in Trans-Saharan trade. (3 mks)
- Identify the two examples of regional trade. (2 mks)
- Identify any two factors that may limit national unity in Kenya. (2 mks)
- Give two reasons why the Portuguese build Fort Jesus. (2 mks)
- State two factors that made the Akamba to participate in long distance trade during 19th century. (2 mks)
- Identify the three species of homo sapiens. (3 mks)
SECTION B: (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions.
-
- Identify five ways in which slaves were acquired during Trans-Atlantic trade. (5 mks)
- What were the results of Trans-Atlantic trade in West Africa? (10 mks)
-
- What factors made early man to domesticate crops and animals. (3 mks)
- Explain the causes of food shortage in third world countries. (12 mks)
-
- Why did the industrial revolution take place in Britain ahead of other European countries? (5 mks)
- Explain five ways in which development of iron technology affected African communities. (10 mks)
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A: (40 MARKS)
Answer all the questions from this section.
- Name two sources of history of Kenyan communities during pre-colonial period. (2 mks)
- Oral traditions
- Anthropology
- Identify three similarities between early agriculture in Mesopotamia and Egypt. (3 mks)
- Both used irrigation
- Both cultivated indigenous crops
- Both used broadcasting method of planting
- Both depended on silt for planting soil
- Both used simple farm implements
- State two reasons why the Portuguese were able to conquer the coastal towns by 1500AD.(2 mks)
- They had superior weapons compared to Africans
- They were well-trained on good military tactics.
- Disunity among coastal towns.
- Portuguese organized surprise attacks and fought with determination
- State two ways in which mission stations in Kenya promoted to the spread of Christianity.(2 mks)
- Acted as residential areas for the European missionaries
- They were training centres for catechists who went out to spread the gospel.
- Acted as schools where Africans were taught basic literacy to enable them read the bible
- Acted as centres for converting Africans.
- Give two reasons that can make a registered person to loose citizenship in Kenya.
(2 mks)- If one is sentenced for a period fo twelve months within five years from the date of registration.
- If one reveals the countries secrets to another country
- If during war one assists the enemy in any way
- If registration was obtained through fraud
- Identify three ways in which education system in Kenya promotes National unity (3 mks)
- Existence of national schools which admits students from all over the country
- National music, drama, games and sports festivals by schools which brings learners from different parts together.
- Centralised national exams
- Centralised training and development for teachers
- Use of one curriculum in public schools.
- state three ways in which poor transport systems have contributed to food shortage in Africa. (3 mks)
- Poor transport have led to high transportation cost leading to high prices
- Poor transport discourages farmers to produce more
- It undermines effectiveness of agricultural extension officers.
- Poor transport leads to delays in transportation cost leading to high prices for food.
- Give four effects of telecommunication in modern society. (4 mks)
- It has improved communication between countries, governments and citizens among individuals
- It has enhanced education and research due to availability of wide range of data and development of popular governments
- Has provided employment opportunities to many
- It has increased warfare and terrorism, cultural imperialism whereby western culture has been imposed to many people through films and television.
- Development of trade through e-commerce and advertisement of goods
- Name any two early sources of energy. (2 mks)
- Wood
- Wind
- Water
- Give any three limitations of using fire and smoke signals in communication. (3 mks)
- Affected by weather conditions i.e wet/rainy seasons
- Could not be used to send messages over long distances
- Messages could be easily misinterpreted
- It was of no use when no one was on look out to even interpret the message sent.
- State three roles of tuaregs in Trans-Saharan trade. (3 mks)
- Guided and provided security to traders
- Acted as interpreters
- They guarded the oasis and gave the traders camels food
- Acted as middlemen between the traders from each side.
- Gave food and water to traders
- Identify the two examples of regional trade. (2 mks)
- Long distance trade
- Trans-Saharan trade
- Identify any two factors that may limit national unity in Kenya. (2 mks)
- Racism
- Nepotism
- Political ideologies
- Tribalism
- Inequitable distribution of national resources
- Give two reasons why the Portuguese build Fort Jesus. (2 mks)
- Acted as a watchtower
- Used as a store of arms
- Acted as a hiding place for Portuguese
- Acted as a prison for captives
- Acted as a base for sending expeditions
- Acted as a residing place for Portuguese.
- State two factors that made the Akamba to participate in long distance trade during 19th century. (2 mks)
- Their land was infertile so opted for trade
- They had earlier participated in their traditional local trade so had knowledge of trade
- Had strong and able leaders who encouraged the local people to participate in trade
- Trade goods were readily available in their land i.e ivory
- They were centrally placed between coast and the interior
- Identify the three species of homo sapiens. (3 mks)
- Rhodesian man
- Neanderthal man
- Cro-magnon man
SECTION B: (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions.
-
- Identify five ways in which slaves were acquired during Trans-Atlantic trade. (5 mks)
- Lonely travelers were kidnapped by slave traders
- Prisoners of war/war captives were sold out
- Young children were enticed by traders with sweets
- Villages were raided and the strong ones captured
- Debtors who failed to pay were sold as slaves
- The weak in the society like widows and orphans were sold out as slaves.
- What were the results of Trans-Atlantic trade in West Africa? (10 mks)
- It led to increased inter-tribal wars which increased insecurity – with introduction of European wars i.e. guns led to misery, suffering and disruption of family life.
- It led to growth of kingdoms i.e Asante, Dahomey etc which controlled trade because of profits made from trade and fire arms used.
- Led to destruction of property due to slave raids, villages were often burnt down and left in ruins
- Decline of Trans-Saharan trade as goods were diverted towards the Trans-Atlantic trade. Also some traders shifted to Trans-Atlantic trade
- Led to urbanization whereby towns developed along the slave markets and ports i.e. Lagos
- It led to introduction of new goods in West Africa ie clothes, rum and glassware
- Led to depopulation caused by capture and deportation of Africans into slavery in America, others were killed during slave raids
- Decline of traditional industries – Africans developed a taste for European goods ie rom, clothes and glassware at expense of local ones
- Identify five ways in which slaves were acquired during Trans-Atlantic trade. (5 mks)
-
- What factors made early man to domesticate crops and animals. (3 mks)
- Hunting and gathering became tiresome
- Exhaustion of hunting grounds.
- Natural calamities which destroyed vegetation and killed workd animals leaving man without food also pushed animals away
- Competition for food between animals and human beings.
- Realisation by man that some animals were friendly
- Increased human population hence need for more food
- Explain the causes of food shortage in third world countries. (12 mks)
- High poverty levels hence low purchasing power
- Lack of technological know-how to exploit the natural resources available
- Over dependence on the developed countries hence the dependency syndrome
- Poor economic policies adopted by the states (third world countries)
- Poor storage facilities that lead to food spoilage
- Frequent civil wars that divert their attention from food production
- Bad human activities like deforestation and overgrazing leading to desertification and soil erosion
- Neglect of drought resistant crops like cassavas
- Natural calamities and epidemics ie HIV/AIDs, floods, etc which deprive countries of labour and destroys large quantities of food
- What factors made early man to domesticate crops and animals. (3 mks)
-
- Why did the industrial revolution take place in Britain ahead of other European countries? (5 mks)
- It was politically stable favouring industrialization
- It had vast mineral resources
- Availability of both skilled and unskilled manpower from her high population
- Ready and domestic and international market which attracted investors
- Had good infrastructure that favoured industrialization
- Britain was wealthy and so invested in industry
- Good government policy of free markets which attracted investors
- Security enabled Britain to protect her foreign markets and trade routesAvailability of raw materials due to Agrarian revolution
- Explain five ways in which development of iron technology affected African communities. (10 mks)
- It led to increased population due to increased food production
- It led to specialization in production whereby people could now participate in craft industries ie weaving, pottery, cloth making and smithing
- It increased warfare and intercommunity conflict since weapons like spears and arrows were made of iron
- Iron weapons encouraged migration since communities were better armed and could easily protect themselves
- Trade developed between communities as demand for iron and tools rose
- Iron working led to rise of urban centres ie Meroe, Cairo, Tunis and Axum
- Led to growth and development of empires ie Ghana and Buganda which developed out of iron working.
- Why did the industrial revolution take place in Britain ahead of other European countries? (5 mks)
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