Physics Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 3 Mid Term 1 Exams 2021

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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

  • This paper consist of two section A and B.
  • Answer all questions in section A and B.
  • All working must be clearly shown.
  • Non- Programmable silent electronic calculators and KNEC mathematical tables may be used

SECTION A 25MARKS

  1. The block of wood on the balance in the figure below is a cube of side 20cm Determine its density in kgm−3 (3mks)
    Block of wood on the balance
  2. The diagram below shows a pith ball in a flask. When a jet of air is blown over the mouth of the flask, the pith ball is found to rise from the bottom. Explain this observation (2mks)
    diagram of a pith ball in a flask
  3. It is observed that a smelly gas released at the back of the laboratory spreads faster on a hot day than on a cold day. Explain (1mk)
  4. The diagram below shows a rod made of wood on one end and metal on the other end suspended freely with a piece of thread so that it is in equilibrium
    rod of wood and metal
    The side made of the metal is now heated with a Bunsen flame. State with reason the side to which the rod is likely to fit (2mks)
  5. When a piece of metal is place in water it sinks. But when the same piece of metal is placed on a block of wood it floats explain the observation (2mks)
  6. A bullet traveling at a speed of 100ms−1 strikes a wall and penetrates 2cm. How long does the bullet take to stop after striking the wall? (3mks)
  7. A balloon of volume 1.5cm3 containing helium gas at a pressure of 3.0 x 106pa is released from the ground when the temperature is 20°C. What will be the pressure when it reaches a point where the volume becomes 3.0m and the temperature 5°C (3mks)
  8. Explain why mercury forms a convex meniscus and water a concave meniscus in a tube (2mks)
  9. A force of 3500N acts on a stationary body of mass 20kg for 0.02 seconds. Calculate the velocity attained by the body (2mks)
  10. The diagram below shows two identical iron rods, one is placed on a wooden block and the other on a metal block. The ends of the rods are heated as shown.
    diagram of two identical iron rods
    State with reason the piece of wax that melts first (2mks)
  11. A stone is tied to a string and whirled in a horizontal circle at a constant speed. In which direction is the stone being accelerated at each point of its path? (1mk)
  12. A force of 2.0N compresses a spring by 1.0mm. Determine the energy stored in the spring

SECTION B 55MKS

  1.  
    1. Define the term ‘velocity’. (1mk)
    2. The following figure shows velocity –time graph for the journey of a car in 100minutes.
      velocity time graph of a car figure
      1. Determine the acceleration of the car between A and B and between C and D (4mks)
      2. Determine the distance covered by the car during the journey (3mks)
      3. Determine the average velocity of the car (2mks)
    3. A ball rolls off a platform of height 1.8m at a horizontal speed of 15 ms−1. How far off the edge of the platform does it land? (4mks)
  2. A car of mass 2000kg travelling at 5ms−1 collides with a minibus of mass 5000kg travelling in the opposite direction at 7ms−1. The vehicles stick and move together after collision. If the collision lasts for 0.1seconds;
    1. Determine the velocity of the system after collision of 3 decimal places. (3mks)
    2. Calculate the impulsive force on the minibus (3mks)
    3. Calculate the change in kinetic energy of the system (3mks)
    4. Explain the change in kinetic energy of the system (1mk)
  3.  
    1. What is the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves? (2mks)
    2. The following figure shows a transverse wave travelling along the x-axis.
      figure of transverse wave
      1. Determine the wave length and the amplitude of the wave. (2mks)
      2. If the time taken by the wave to move from O to A is 0.04 seconds, determine the frequency and the speed of the wave (4mks)
    3. A person stands between two vertical cliffs 400m from the nearer cliff. The cliffs are x distance apart. Every time the person strikes the rock once, two echoes are heard, the first one after 2.5s and the second one 2.0 s later. Calculate
      1. the speed of the sound in air (3mks)
      2. the value of x (2mks)
  4.  
    1. The following figue shows an object, O, 3cm high placed in front of a concave mirror. C is the centre of curvature mirror. C is the centre of curvature of the mirror.
      figure of an object infront of a concave mirror
      By constructing a ray diagram, determine the size and the position of the image formed. (3mks)
    2. The table shows the object distance, u, and the corresponding image distance v, for an object placed in front of a concave mirror.
       u (cm)   20    25   30    40    50    70 
       v(cm)  20  16.7   15  13.3   12.5   11.6 
       1/u (cm−1            
       1/v (cm−1)            

      1. Complete the table by filling in the values of 1/u and 1/(2mks)
      2. plot a graph of 1/(y-axis) against 1/v (x-axis)   (5mks)
      3. From the graph, determine the focal length of the mirror. (3mks)
  5. The figure 6 shows a transverse wave travelling along the horizontal axis
    figure of transverse wave along horizontal axis
    determine
    1. Wave length of the wave in metres (2mks)
    2. Amplitude of the wave (1mk)
    3. If the time take by the wave to move from O to A is 0.02seconds Determine frequency of the wave (3mks)


Marking Scheme

  1. The block of wood on the balance in the figure below is a cube of side 20cm Determine its density in kgm−3 (3mks)
    Block of wood on the balance
    Volume = 0.2m × 0.2m × 0.2m =0.008m √1
    Mass = 1.6Kg √1
    P= M  1.6   =200kgm3  √1
         V     0.008
  2. The diagram below shows a pith ball in a flask. When a jet of air is blown over the mouth of the flask, the pith ball is found to rise from the bottom. Explain this observation (2mks)
    diagram of a pith ball in a flask
    • The air velocity at the top of the flask is high hence low pressure.√1
    • The high pressure inside the flask makes the ball to rise. √1
  3. It is observed that a smelly gas released at the back of the laboratory spreads faster on a hot day than on a cold day. Explain (1mk)
    • Rate of diffusion increases with increase in temperature.√1
  4. The diagram below shows a rod made of wood on one end and metal on the other end suspended freely with a piece of thread so that it is in equilibrium
    rod of wood and metal
    The side mad of the metal is now heated with a Bunsen flame. State with reason the side to which the rod is likely to fit (2mks)
    • Tilts to the left. √1
    • The metal expands hence the centre of gravity (COG) shifts to the left. √1
  5. When a piece of metal is place in water it sinks. But when the same piece of metal is placed on a block of wood it floats explain the observation (2mks)
    • The metal alone has a higher density than the liquid while the average density of the metal and the wood is less than that of the liquid.
  6. A bullet traveling at a speed of 100ms−1 strikes a wall and penetrates 2cm. How long does the bullet take to stop after striking the wall? (3mks)
    V2 =u2 +2as
    O2 =(100 × 100) +2 × 9 × 0.02m
    a= −10000 =−2.5 × 105m/s √1
         2 × 0.02
    v= u + at √1
    O = 100 + − 2.5 × 105 × t
     t =    100       = 4 × 10−4s √1
          2.5 × 105
  7. A balloon of volume 1.5cm3 containing helium gas at a pressure of 3.0 x 106pa is released from the ground when the temperature is 20°C. What will be the pressure when it reaches a point where the volume becomes 3.0m and the temperature 5°C (3mks)
    V1 =1.5m3                          V2 = 3.0m3
    P1 = 3.0 × 106 Pa                P2  = ?
    T1 = 293K                            T2 = 278K
    formula for pressure and volume√1
    3.0 × 1.5 × 106  = 3.0 × P2  √1
           293                   278
    P2 = 3.0 × 1.5 × 106 × 278
                   3.0
    P2 = 4.17 × 108Pa √1
  8. Explain why mercury forms a convex meniscus and water a concave meniscus in a tube (2mks)
    • The cohesive force between mercury particles exceeds the adhesive force between mercury and glass √1 while the cohesive force between water particles is lower than the adhesive force between water and glass particles.√1
  9. A force of 3500N acts on a stationary body of mass 20kg for 0.02 seconds. Calculate the velocity attained by the body (2mks)
    Mv − Mu = Ft √1
    20V − (20 × 0) = 3500 × 0.02
    20V = 70
       V = 70/20
          =3.5m/s √1
  10. The diagram below shows two identical iron rods, one is placed on a wooden block and the other on a metal block. The ends of the rods are heated as shown.
    diagram of two identical iron rods
    State with reason the piece of wax that melts first (2mks)
    • The wax on the rod placed on wood melts first √1 wood does not conduct heat away as fast as metal hence the temperature of the rod on wood rises faster. √1
  11. A stone is tied to a string and whirled in a horizontal circle at a constant speed. In which direction is the stone being accelerated at each point of its path? (1mk)
    • Towards the centre of the circular path. √1
  12. A force of 2.0N compresses a spring by 1.0mm. Determine the energy stored in the spring
    E = ½FX
       = ½ × 2 × 1.0 
                       1000
      =0.001J √1

SECTION B 55MKS

  1.  
    1. Define the term ‘velocity’. (1mk)
      • Velocity is the rate of change of motion in a specified direction. √1
    2. The following figure shows velocity –time graph for the journey of a car in 100minutes.
      velocity time graph of a car figure
      1. Determine the acceleration of the car between A and B and between C and D (4mks)
        a = slope of graph
           = 30m s−1   √1
             30 x 60s
           = 0.016m s−2  √1
        between C and D
        a=−30m s−1  √1
            10 x 60s
        = 0.05m s−2   √1
      2. Determine the distance covered by the car during the journey (3mks)
        Distance = area under graph
                     =30ms−1 x ( 100 + 60) x 60s
                                              2
                     = 144 000m.
      3. Determine the average velocity of the car (2mks)
        Vav = total distance
                    total time
              = 144 000m   √1
                 100 x 60s
              = 24ms−1  √1
    3. A ball rolls off a platform of height 1.8m at a horizontal speed of 15 ms−1. How far off the edge of the platform does it land? (4mks)
      S = ½ gt2  √1
      1.8m = ½ x 10m s−1 x t2
      t2 = 0.36s2
      t = 0.6s   √1

      s = vt      √1
         = 15m s−1 x 0.6s =9m √1
  2. A car of mass 2000kg travelling at 5ms−1 collides with a minibus of mass 5000kg travelling in the opposite direction at 7ms−1. The vehicles stick and move together after collision. If the collision lasts for 0.1seconds;
    1. Determine the velocity of the system after collision of 3 decimal places. (3mks)
      Momentum before collision = momentum after collision 
      M1U1 +M2 (−U2) = (M1 + M2) V
      (2000 x 5)2 +5000 x (−7) = 7000V  √1
      V = −25000
              7000
      = −3.571 ms−1 √1
    2. Calculate the impulsive force on the minibus (3mks)
      Ft = M(V−U)
      f = m(V−U)     √1
                t
      F = 5000 ( −3.571 − (−7)  √1
                               0.1
      F = 171,450 N  √1
    3. Calculate the change in kinetic energy of the system (3mks)
      initial K.E = ½ M1U12 + ½ M2 (−U2)2
      = ½ x 2000 X 52 + ½ x 5000 x (−7)2
      = 25,000 + 122, 500

      = 147,500J  √1
      final K.E + ½ (M1 +M2) V2
      = ½ (2000 + 5000) (−3.571)2
      = 44,632 J  √1

      Change in K.E = K.E lost − final K.E − Initial K.E
      = (44,632 − 147,500) J
      = −102,868J √1
    4. Explain the change in kinetic energy of the system (1mk)
      • The change /lost K.E is converted into heat, sound, light and spent in deformation
  3.  
    1. What is the difference between longitudinal and transverse waves? (2mks)
      • Particles  of the transmitting medium vibrate in the direction of the wave for a longitudinal wave, but at right angles for a transverse wave.
    2. The following figure shows a transverse wave travelling along the x-axis.
      figure of transverse wave
      1. Determine the wave length and the amplitude of the wave. (2mks)
        • Wavelength = 4cm √1
        • Amplitude = 2cm  √1
      2. If the time taken by the wave to move from O to A is 0.04 seconds, determine the frequency and the speed of the wave (4mks)
        O to A = 9cm containing 2 ¼ waves
        Time = 0.045 √1
                      2 ¼
        f = 1/T
        =     1      

           0.04s/2 ¼
        f = 56.25Hz. √1

        v = f^   √1
           = 56.25 x 0.04
        =2.25ms−1  √1
    3. A person stands between two vertical cliffs 400m from the nearer cliff. The cliffs are x distance apart. Every time the person strikes the rock once, two echoes are heard, the first one after 2.5s and the second one 2.0 s later. Calculate
      1. the speed of the sound in air (3mks)
        s = 2d
               t
        = 2 x 400
             2.5
        = 320ms−1
      2. the value of x (2mks)
        2(x − 400) = (2.5 +2)s  √1
        x = 1120m √1
  4.  
    1. The following figue shows an object, O, 3cm high placed in front of a concave mirror. C is the centre of curvature mirror. C is the centre of curvature of the mirror.
      figure of an object infront of a concave mirror
      By constructing a ray diagram, determine the size and the position of the image formed. (3mks)
      image − real and inverted
      f = 2.4 ± 0.1cm.
      Ray diagram determininng the size and position
      • 2rays with arrows √2
      • inverted image √1

    2. The table shows the object distance, u, and the corresponding image distance v, for an object placed in front of a concave mirror.
       u (cm)   20    25   30    40    50    70 
       v(cm)  20  16.7   15  13.3   12.5   11.6 
       1/u (cm−1  0.05   0.04  0.033   0.025   0.020   0.014 
       1/v (cm−1)  0.05  0.06  0.067  0.075  0.08  0.086

      1. Complete the table by filling in the values of 1/u and 1/(2mks)
      2. plot a graph of 1/(y-axis) against 1/v  (x-axis)   (5mks)
        graph of u against v
        A-√1
        S-√1
        P-√2
        L-√1
      3. From the graph, determine the focal length of the mirror. (3mks)
        1/f1/u1/v intercept = 1/ √1
         0.1 = 1/f √1
         f = 10cm √1

  5. The figure 6 shows a transverse wave travelling along the horizontal axis
    figure of transverse wave along horizontal axis
    determine
    1. Wave length of the wave in metres (2mks)
      0.04M √1 correct reading
                √1 correct units
    2. Amplitude of the wave (1mk)
      2cm √1
    3. If the time take by the wave to move from O to A is 0.02seconds Determine frequency of the wave (3mks)
      F = 1/T √1
        1    √1
      0.01
      =100HZ √1
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