INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:
- This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
- Answer all questions in section A, three questions from section B , and two questions from section C
SECTION A( 25 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section.
- Name the main source of African history. (1mk)
- Name two chemical methods of dating fossils. ( 2mks)
- Give the main significance ofFayum depression to the history of man ( 1mk)
- Give the first stage of evolution according to Charles Darwin. ( 1mk)
- State two natural factors for the success of early Egyptian agriculture ( 2mks)
- State two limitations of open field system of farming as practiced in Europe.( 2mks)
- Name two areas in Africa where slaves were obtained from during the trans-Atlantic trade.( 2mks)
- Name one port which developed in west Africa as a result of trans- Atlantic slave trade. ( 1mk)
- Give two limitations of using rafts as a means of transport. ( 2mks)
- Give the main factor for the growth and development of joharnsberg as a modern urban centre
- Identify two reasons why the Berlin conference of 1884-1885 was convened (2mks)
- Give one reason why African communities were against the use of akidas and jumbes in Tanganyika by the German administration. ( 1mk)
- Name two French colonies in north Africa ( 2mks)
- Give one way in which the rise of nationalism undermined the policy of assimilation in French WestAfrica. (1mk)
- Give the main difference between assimilation and association policies of administration as used by the French. (1mk)
- Name the treaty signed between SamoriToure and the French in 1886 (1mk)
- Name the chartered company used by the British to administer the west African colonies (1mk)
SECTION B (45MKS)
Answer any three questions in this section.
-
- Give five reasons why Africa is considered as the cradle of man (5mks)
- explain five importance of rock art to early human beings. (10mks)
-
- State three results of the construction of the Suez Canal (3mks)
- Explain six ways through which modern society has benefited from the development in transport. (12mks)
-
- State five problems faced by trader in Trans-Saharan trade. (5mks)
- Explain five positive impact of Trans –Saharan trade on the people of West Africa.(10mks)
-
- State three uses of atomic energy today (3mks)
- Explain six factors which delayed industrialization among European nations before 1850. (12mks)
SECTION C. (30MKS)
Answer any two questions in this section.
-
- State three limitations of SamoriToure’s second capital during his resistance (3mks)
- Explain six reasons why Samori’s resistance was protracted (12mks)
-
- State five economic reasons which facilitated European colonization of Africa (5mks)
- Explain five results of the Berlin conference of 1884-1885 (10mks)
-
- State three duties of Emirs in British Nigeria (3mks)
- Explain six reasons indirect rule failed in Southern Nigeria. (12mks)
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A ( 25MKS)
Answer all questions in this section
- Name the main source of African history. (1mk)
- Oral traditions.
- Name two chemical methods of dating fossils. ( 2mks)
- Radio carbon dating
- Potassium argon dating.
- Give the main significance of Fayum depression to the history of man ( 1mk)
- Is where the remains of egyptopithecus were found
- Give the first stage of evolution according to Charles Darwin. ( 1mk)
- Mutation.
- State two natural factors for the success of early Egyptian agriculture ( 2mks)
- Availability of fertile silt soils.
- Availability of water for irrigation existence of naturally growing indigenous crops.
- State two limitations of open field system of farming as practiced in Europe.( 2mks)
- Wasted arable land
- Led wastage of labour and time
- Discouraged mechanization.
- Discouraged selective breeding
- Encouraged spread of diseases and parasites.
- Name two areas in Africa where slaves were obtained from during the trans-atlantic trade.( 2mks)
- Benin
- Nigeria
- Congo
- Angola
- Gambia.
- Name one port which developed in west Africa as a result of trans- atlantic slave trade. ( 1mk)
- Lagos.
- Whydah.
- Dakar.
- Elmina
- Goree.
- Sekondi.
- Give two limitations of using rafts as a means of transport. ( 2mks)
- Carried limited loads
- Not safe/ could sink easily.
- Required intensive labour to move upstream
- Give the main factor for the growth and development of joharnsberg as a modern urban centre
- Discovery of gold.
- Identify two reasons why the Berlin conference of 1884-1885 was convened (2mks)
- For smooth /peaceful partition of Africa.
- To find out European opinion on abolition of slave trade.
- Give one reason why African communities were against the use of akidas and jumbes in Tanganyika by the German administration. ( 1mk)
- They were cruel and brutal
- They looked down upon Africans since they were educated.
- They collected the taxes harshly.
- Name two French colonies in north Africa ( 2mks)
- Algeria
- Tunisia
- Morocco.
- Give one way in which the rise of nationalism undermined the policy if assimilation in French west Africa. (1mk)
- Nationalists created awareness on the value and conservation of African culture
- Nationalists stressed on the need of unity in the decolonization process
- Give the main difference between assimilation and association policies of administration as used by the French . (1mk)
- Assimilation policy undermined African cultures while association policy preserved them
- Name the treaty signed between samoritoure and the French in 1886 (1mk)
- Bisandugu treaty
- Name the chartered company used by the British to administer the west African colonies (1mk)
- The royal Niger company
SECTION B (45MKS)
Answer any three questions in this section.
-
- Give five reasons why Africa is considered as the cradle of man (5mks)
- Existence of many archeological sites in Africa
- The warm Africa climate was ideal for primates
- The African savannas provided food for man
- The several permanent rivers supplied water in all seasons
- Africa was centrally positioned before the continental drift
- explain five importance of rock art to early human beings . (10mks)
- Demonstrated that man was developing belief in magic
- Some were done for ritualistic purpose
- Some were done for esthetic value / for decoration and beauty
- Helped man in preservation of his cultural heritage
- Some were done for leisure
- They showed symbolic representation of human relationships
- Give five reasons why Africa is considered as the cradle of man (5mks)
-
- State three results of the construction of the Suez Canal (3mks)
- Shortened trade routes between Europe and far East
- Boosted industrial development in Egypt
- Led to colonization of Egypt by British
- Promoted international trade between Africa and Europe and Asia
- Explain six ways through which modern society has benefited from the development in transport. (12mks)
- Development of urban centres along transport lines
- Has led to expansion of trade
- Enhanced industrial development through transportation of raw materials and finished products Has created employment opportunities to many people
- Has enhanced security of some countries
- Has boosted the tourism sector by facilitating accessibility to tourist sites
- Has facilitated provision of emergency societies to rescue flood and accident victims
- Act as a source of revenue for government through sale of licenses
- State three results of the construction of the Suez Canal (3mks)
-
- State five problems faced by trader in Trans-Saharan trade. (5mks)
- Long tiresome journeys
- Attack from the hostile desert community
- Attack from dangerous desert/wild animals
- Extreme desert temperature
- Lose of direction in the desert
- Scarcity of food and water
- Some were buried alive by sand storms
- Caused barrier due to lack of a common language
- Explain five positive impact of Trans –Saharan trade on the people of West Africa.
- Led to Urbanization e.gGao, Taghaza , Timbuktu
- Led to growth of strong kingdom /empires e.g Mali, Ghana
- Emergence of a class of wealth merchants
- Stimulated the growth of smelting technology and industry
- Led to introduction of houses which improved security and transport
- It boosted Agriculture introduction of tools
- Introduction of Islamic culture e.g education, architecture
- State five problems faced by trader in Trans-Saharan trade. (5mks)
-
- State three uses of atomic energy today (3mks)
- Making atomic weapons
- Generation of electricity
- Production of radio-active elements for medical uses
- Driving atomic powered locomotives
- Explain six factors which delayed industrialization among European nations before 1850 (12mks)
- Long periods of political instability
- Poor transport and communication system
- Lack of enterprising class of people and scientists
- Inadequate fund/capital for industrial investment
- Inadequate raw materials for industrialization
- Lack of market due to poverty among the people
- Inadequate labor supply
- Inadequate resources e.g coal
- State three uses of atomic energy today (3mks)
SECTION C. (30MKS)
Answer any two questions in this sections
-
- State three limitations of SamouriToure’s second capital during his resistance (3mks)
- It cut off Samori from pure gold mines
- It cut off Samori from freedom from where he was acquiring weapons
- It was at the centre of Samori’s enemies
- It was open to attack especially from the south
- Explain six reasons why Samori’s resistance was protracted (12mks)
- His long military experience enabled him organize the army well
- Had large discipline and well equipped army which fought with determination
- His soldiers had defected from French army hence new French military tactics
- His soldiers were familiar with the terrain/topography of the area
- He used guerilla war tactics which delayed conquest
- He had military workshops which manifested new weapons and repaired defective ones
- He had established trade links/network through which he acquired firearms
- Soldiers treated fighting as Jihads hence fought with determination
- State three limitations of SamouriToure’s second capital during his resistance (3mks)
-
- State five economic reasons which facilitated European colonization of Africa (5mks)
- Need to sustain raw materials for the industrialization
- Need to acquire markets for the industrial goods
- To invest their surplus capital
- To get cheap labour in the production of raw materials
- Engage in profitable trade after abolishing slave trade
- Explain five results of the Berlin conference of 1884-1885 (10mks)
- Led to drawing up of the boundaries of spheres of influence
- Led to effective partition and colonization of Africa
- Led to abolition of slavery and slave trade in Africa
- Led to increased rivalry among the European nation during the scramble process
- River Congo and Niger were left open for navigation by all European nations
- King Leopold II was recognized as the legal riller of congo free state
- State five economic reasons which facilitated European colonization of Africa (5mks)
-
- State three duties of Emirs in British Nigeria
- Only handed in a quarter of the taxes collected
- Maintained law and order
- Created prisons for convicted people
- Elimination of practices not good to the British
- Tried cases in muslim court
- Explain six reasons indirect rule failed in Southern Nigeria.
- Lack of common language of communication
- Existence of political and religious systems
- Lugard appointed illiterate traditional leaders who were respected by mission educated elites
- Lugard appointed young educated men as chiefs who were rejected by the elders
- The communities in the south rejected the excess powers given to the chiefs
- The british applied some system of collecting taxes used in the North making the Egba community to resist paying taxes.
- State three duties of Emirs in British Nigeria
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