HISTORY AND GOVERNMENT
Instructions:
Answer All Questions
Questions
SECTION A (20 MARKS)
- What is oral tradition as a source of history (1mk)
- State two shortcomings of oral traditions as a source of history (2mks)
- State three characteristics of homo habilis (3mks)
- Mention three hunting methods used during the old stone age (3mks)
- How did the discovery of the fire change man’s way of life? (2mks)
- State two effects of food shortage in Africa (2mks)
- State two subgroups of the Kalenjin (2mks)
- Give two ways through which the Akamba interacted with the Agikuyu in the pre-colonial period (2mks)
- Name two types of trade (2mks)
- Give two examples of regional trade (2mks)
- State three functions of the Tuaregs during the Trans Saharan Trade. (3mks)
SECTION B (30 MARKS)
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- State three reasons for decline of the Trans Saharan trade (3mks)
- Discuss six impacts of road transport (12mks)
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- State three uses of gold (3mks)
- Explain six reasons why Britain was the first country to be industrialized. (12mks)
SECTION C (15 MARKS)
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- State three problems facing Nairobi (3mks)
- Describe the economic organization of the Shona (6mks)
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- Give three advantages of written constitution (3mks)
- State three aspects of democracy (3mks)
Marking Scheme
- What is oral tradition as a source of history (1mk)
- It is information that is communicated by the word of mouth from one generation to another
- It is information that is communicated by the word of mouth from one generation to another
- State two shortcomings of oral traditions as a source of history (2mks)
- The stories may be exaggerated. It is hard to tell what is real and what is imagined.
- It is time consuming
- It does not provide dates or sequence of events
- State three characteristics of homohabilis (3mks)
- He was about 1.8 meters in height
- His skull was shaped like modern man
- Had a brain capacity of between 500-800cc
- He developed elementary speech
- He was a tool maker
- He developed the thumb
- Mention three hunting methods used during the old stone age (3mks)
- Chasing and throwing stones and spear at the animal
- Chasing animals over steep cliffs and forcing them to fall over and break their limbs
- Waiting for animals near watering points
- Man killed animals that were injured by others
- Driving animals in swampy areas where they got stuck
- Digging large pits on the paths through which animals went to drink water and covering pits with grass.
- How did the discovery of the fire change man’s way of life? (2mks)
- Warming himself during the cold nights
- The flames of fire gave him light during the night
- Fire was used to harden the tips of his tools
- He used fire to preserve his food e.g. meat and fish by drying it
- Fire provided man with protection by keeping away dangerous animals at night.
- State two effects of food shortage in Africa (2mks)
- Death of hundreds of people due to famine
- Increased suffering as many people are weak and children are malnourished
- Lead to social problems like raids and theft to get food
- It has caused migration of people by food shortage
- State three subgroups of the Kalenjin (2mks)
- Pokot
- Kipsigis
- Tugen
- Nandi
- Keiyo
- Give two ways through which the Akamba interacted with the Agikuyu in the pre-colonial period (2mks)
- Through trade
- Through wars
- Name two types of trade (2mks)
- Local trade
- Regional trade
- International trade
- Give two examples of regional trade (2mks)
- The Trans-Saharan trade
- The long distance trades.
- State three functions of the Tuaregs during the Trans Saharan Trade. (3mks)
- They guarded the caravans against the hostile desert communities
- They provided food and accommodation to traders
- They protected and maintained the oases
- They provided guide to the caravans
- They served as middlemen.
- They kept trade products and traded on behalf of the caravan traders.
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- State three reasons for decline of the Trans Saharan trade (3mks)
- Exhaustion of the trade item e.g. gold and salt
- Decline of powerful kingdoms such as Mali, Ghana and the Songhai accelerated insecurity in the region.
- Competition from the Trans- Atlantic trade
- Turkish invasion and colonization of north Africa
- Insecurity in the region. The Tuareg changed their roles of guiding and guarding traders and began robbing them.
- Discuss six impacts of road transport (12mks)
- Generation of employment opportunities i.e. road construction and maintenance
- Has promoted social interaction as people move easily to various parts of the world
- Contributed to the industrial progress by facilitating transportation of raw materials to the industries and manufactured goods to the market
- Facilitated the exploitation of minerals
- Has enhanced agricultural development
- Promotion of local, regional and continental trade.
- State three reasons for decline of the Trans Saharan trade (3mks)
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- State three uses of gold (3mks)
- Used to make ornaments or jewels such as plates, cups vases and bowlsIt was also used to decorate knife handles and
- headscarf
- It was also used as a trade item in Central and West Africa
- Used as a medium of exchange
- Used as a measure of wealth in Egypt
- Explain reasons why Britain was the first country to be industrialized (12mks)
- Availability of sources of energy for use in industries. E.g. coal
- Britain had established cottage industrial products within the British empire and her large population provided domestic market
- Britain was politically stable
- Britain had a well-developed transport system i.e. water and land transport
- Britain’s policy of free trade i.e. she had no custom barriers
- State three uses of gold (3mks)
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- State three problems facing Nairobi (3mks)
- Inadequate housing leading to development of slams
- Overpopulation
- Unemployment and consequent rise in crime rate, alcoholism, prostitution and drug abuse
- Traffic congestion
- Poor town planning leading to poor drainage
- Describe the economic organization of the Shona (6mks)
- They practiced agriculture and grew crops like cassava
- They kept livestock like cows
- Their main economic activity was trade
- They practiced long distance with the Arabs and the Swahili
- They hunted elephants for ivory, skins, slaves, and copper
- They gathered wild fruits and honey
- They made iron goods such as spears, knives, shields and hoes.
- They did fishing in rivers and lakes
- State three problems facing Nairobi (3mks)
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- Give three advantages of written constitution (3mks)
- readily available for ease of reference and application
- it lays down procedures of amendment and hence politicians cannot alter or tamper with it
- it unites all people in a nation
- it creates harmony since it sets out clearly the powers and relationship between different organs in government.
- State and explain three aspects of democracy (6mks)Political – A system of governing in which the whole population is
- free to participate
- Social – Relating to the dignity and worth of the individual
- Economic – Ensuring equal opportunities for all citizens and prevention of exploitation of some individuals by others
- Give three advantages of written constitution (3mks)
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