History Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 4 Term 2 Opener Exams 2022

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History Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Form 4 Term 2 Opener Exams 2022

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CRE Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Form 4 Term 2 Opener Exams 2022

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INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

This paper consist of three sections; A, B and C
Answer All the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C
All questions must be answered in the answer booklet provided.

QUESTIONS

SECTION A (25 MARKS)

Answer ALL Questions In This Section

Name two periods in history. (2 marks)
State two types of monarchical government. (2 marks)
Define the term stone age period. (1 mark)
Give any two careers in history and government. (2 marks)
Name the two rivers which supplied water to Mesopotamia. (2 marks)
Which was the first animal to be domesticated by man? (1 mark)
Mention one disadvantage of using fire and smoke in ancient communication. (1 mark)
Highlight two features of macadam roads. (2 marks)
What was the contribution of Alexander Fleming in the Industrial Revolution? (1 mark)
Which was the main symbol of national unity in the MweneMutapa Empire? (1 mark)
Which European power colonized Liberia? (1 mark)
State two terms of the berlin conference Nov 1884 – Feb 1885.(2 marks)
List two reforms introduced in Tanganyika after the MajiMaji rebellion 1905 -1907. (2 marks)
Give one method used by Ghanaian nationalists in the struggle for independence. (1 mark)
Mention two demands of Austria to Serbia after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. (2 marks)
Name one long term cause of World war one 1914 – 1918. (1 mark)
Why was U.S.A reluctant to join World war one 1914 – 1918.(2 mark)
SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer THREE Questions In This Section
1. Name any three archeological sites in Uganda. (3 marks)
2. Describe the culture of man during the middle stone age. (12 marks)
1. Give three similarities of early agriculture of early agriculture in Egypt and Mesopotamia. (3 marks)
2. Explain the effects of agrarian revolution in Britain. (12 marks)
1. Highlight any five sources of British constitution. (5 marks)
2. Discuss five functions of Athens city. (10 marks)
1. List three forms of oral traditions. (3 marks)
2. Explain the uses of fire by early man. (12 marks)
  SECTION C (30 MARKS)
  Answer TWO QuestionsIn This Section
1. Give five reasons for the rise of African nationalism after 1945. (5 marks)
2. Explain five reasons for slowed decolonization in Mozambique. (10 marks)
1. Why did the allied powers win in the First World war 1914 – 1918.(5 marks)
2. Explain the causes of the Second World War 1939 – 1945. (10 marks)
1. Mention five characteristics of Commonwealth members. (5 marks)
2. Discuss five causes of the Cold war 1945 – 1990. (10 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

Name two periods in history. (2 marks)
- Pre History
- History
State two types of monarchical government. (2 marks)
- Absolute monarchy
- Constitutional monarchy
Define the term stone age period. (1 mark)
- Period when stones were used as raw materials for tool making.
Give any two careers in history and government. (2 marks)
- Lawyer/judge
- History teacher
- Political scientist
Name the two rivers which supplied water to Mesopotamia. (2 marks)
- River Euphrates
- River tigris
Which was the first animal to be domesticated by man? (1 mark)
- The dog
Mention one disadvantage of using fire and smoke in ancient communication. (1 mark)
1. Messages could not be sent over long distances.
2. Ranges of messages passed were limited.
3. It was restricted by weather conditions/smoke is useless in cloudy and misty days. It is difficult to set fire in wet conditions. Smoke could be blown by wind.
4. It was of little use if no one was on the look out to see and interpret.
Highlight two features of macadam roads. (2 marks)
- These roads were straight and had a smooth surface.
- They have curved surfaces and had a Good drainage system.
- They are cheap and durable.
- The roads were later improved by adding tar to produce a water proof surface called tarmac
What was the contribution of Alexander Fleming in the Industrial Revolution? (1 mark)
- Invention of penicilin
Which was the main symbol of national unity in the Mwene Mutapa Empire? (1 mark)
- Mwari cult( religion)
Which European power colonized Liberia? (1 mark)
- Liberia was not colonized
State two terms of the berlin conference Nov 1884 – Feb 1885. (2 marks)
1. That all signatories must declare their sphere of influence an area under each nation’s occupation
2. That once an area is declared a sphere of influence, effective occupation must be established in the area through establishment of firm colonial infrastructures to be followed by colonial administration.
3. That any state, laying claim to any part of Africa must inform other interested parties in order to avoid future rivalry.
4. That any power acquiring territory in Africa must undertake to stamp out slave trade in favour of legitimate trade and safeguard African interests.
5. That if a European power claims a certain part of the African coast, the land in the interior next to the coast became hers.
6. That the Congo River and the Niger River basins were to be left free for any interested power to navigate.
7. The European powers vowed to protect and safeguard European interests in Africa irrespective of their nationality.
List two reforms introduced in Tanganyika after the Maji Maji rebellion 1905 -1907. (2 marks)
1. Corporal punishment was abolished by the German administration. Those settlers who mistreated their workers were punished.
2. Forced labour for settler farms was abolished.
3. Communal cotton growing was stopped and Africans were to plant their own cotton and get profit from it.
4. Better educational and medical services for the Africans were introduced.
5. Africans were involved in administration of the region as Akidas and Jumbes.
6. Newspapers that incited settlers against Africans were censured.
7. Kiswahili became an official language.
8. A colonial department of the German government was set up in 1907 to investigate and monitor the affairs of the German East Africa.
9. The new governor rejected extra taxation of Africans.
10. Colonial administration in Tanganyika was now tailored to suit the Africans.
Give one method used by Ghanaian nationalists in the struggle for independence. (1 mark)
- Formation of political parties.
- Trade unionism
- Newspapers – Accra evening news
Mention two demands of Austria to Serbia after the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. (2 marks)
- An explanation for the murder.
- Austrian police to be allowed to Serbia.
- Removal of all anti- Austrian officials.
- Austrian officials to be involved in the case.
Name one long term cause of World war one 1914 – 1918. (1 mark)
- The system of Alliances
- Imperialism
- Economic rivalry
- Colonial rivalry
- Need for revenge
- Militarism
- Nationalism
- Moroccan Crisis
- Bosnian Crisis
Why was U.S.A reluctant to join World war one 1914 – 1918. (2 marks)
- The war hadn’t interfered with USA’s interests directly.
- The Monroe doctrine – Isolationist policy
- USA’S citizens had relatives from both war sides.
1. Name any three archeological sites in Uganda. (3 marks)
  - Nsongezi
  - Napak
  - Magosi
  - Paraa
  - Ishanga
  - Mweya
  - Nyabusora
2. Describe the culture of man during the middle stone age. (12 marks)
  - Man made sangoan/levallois tools.
  - Had learnt to wear animal skins.
  - Decorated his body with red ochre and wore beads.
  - Lived in rock shelters and caves.
  - Got food by hunting and gathering.
  - Cooked his food because he had invented fire.
  - Man did rock art.
  - Communicated using clicks and grunts.
  - Lived in small groups for security reasons. (6 x 2 = 12mks)
1. Give three similarities of early agriculture of early agriculture in Egypt and Mesopotamia.(3 marks)
  - Both started along river valleys.
  - Both depended on silt.
  - Both led to development of writing.
  - Both led to rise of religion.
2. Explain the effects of agrarian revolution in Britain. (12 marks)
  1. Food security for the population of Britain due to improved farming methods.
  2. There was Growth of population in Britain due to food security lowered mortality rates and increased life expectancy.
  3. There was Growth of capital/plantation farming to replace subsistence farming. Due to the enclosure act, ownership of large farms was encouraged and subsequently mechanization/plantations were set up.
  4. Poor farmers who could not afford fencing lost their land. Capital farming therefore led to emergence of landless peasants as large tracts of land were consolidated in enclosures. The poor peasants were compelled to migrate to urban areas where they were subjected to poor living conditions.
  5. Trade expanded locally and internationally. When farming was commercialized, Britain expanded trade thus boosting her economy.
  6. Growth of a working class. The landless peasants sought wage employment on farms or in towns in the emerging new industries. Thus a class of workers began to emerge.
  7. Transport systems like roads and railways improved. They were used to transport agricultural products to the market and raw materials to industries.
  8. Industries benefited from agricultural raw materials/ develop ment of industries. A number of machines produced by industries were also used in agriculture to boost production.
  9. Emigration of British national to other parts of the world. Some of the landless peasants migrated to USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.
  10. Intensification of scientific research by the royal agricultural society to carter for the expanding agricultural sector.
1. Highlight any five sources of British constitution. (5 marks)
  - Statutes or acts of parliament e.g. act of union with Scotland of 1707.
  - Customs-the accepted traditions e.g. the first-born of the sovereign succeeds the king /queen.
  - Law of precedence-judges applies accepted principles to new set of facts.
  - Custom of parliament e.g. the procedures of the two houses.
  - Historical documents e.g. the Magna Carta.
2. Discuss five functions of Athens city. (10 marks)
  1. It was a cultural centre. The Greeks loved to watch play. In Athens, there was the great theatre of Epidaurus.
  2. An educational centre. In Athens, every person was taught how to read and write. Athens became a centre of scholarly work producing great thinkers like Socrates, Plato, Pythagoras, Archimedes and Aristotle.
  3. Athens was a sports centre. There were Gymnasiums where boys were taught games which were developed into what came to be known as Olympics.
  4. Religious centre. The Parthenon temple was a great manifestation of this function. People coming to the Parthenon temple contributed to the growth of the town.
1. List three forms of oral traditions. (3 marks)
  - Songs
  - Proverbs
  - Riddles
  - Poems
  - Folk tales
2. Explain the uses of fire by early man. (12 marks)
1. Give five reasons for the rise of African nationalism after 1945. (5 marks)
  1. The exposure of Africans to severe economic exploitation during the colonial period. For example land alienation
  2. Africans were fed up of heavy and harsh taxation by the Europeans. They were exposed to heavy taxation, ranging from hut tax to breast tax in Belgian Congo.
  3. Africans were fed up with the gradual destruction of their culture by the whites.
  4. The introduction of racial discrimination to go hand in hand with colonialism.
  5. Africans resented colonialism because it interfered with their political institutions. The colonial rulers disregarded traditional rulers, appointing their own puppets in their place.
  6. The Acquisition of western education by many Africans by 1945 enabled them to articulate their grievances more forcefully and to understand political developments outside Africa.
  7. The return of the ex-servicemen after the second world war which exposed the myth of the white supremacy making Africans ready to fight them.
  8. The change of government from Conservative to Labour Party in Britain in 1946 stimulated a new attitude in Britain towards decolonization. This motivated African nationalists.
  9. The rise of nationalism in Asia, culminating into the granting of independence to India and Pakistan in 1947 aroused great confidence among Africans who worked closely with Asian nationalists like Jawaharlal Nehru, the India Prime Minister.
  10. The rise of Pan-Africanism in Africa after the 1945 Manchester conference contributed to the new demands for political independence in Africa Many African élites attended the conference which served as a source of awakening.
  11. The formation of the UNO and the pressure it exerted on the European powers to decolonize helped the Africans in their course.
  12. The emergence of United States and the Soviet Union as super powers in the world contributed to the decolonization process. USA was keen to see Britain and France grant independence to their subjects in the world in order to secure new markets.
  13. The signing of the Atlantic Charter in 1941 by Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt which demanded that when the WWII ended, all subject peoples should enjoy the right to self-determination.
2. Explain five reasons for slowed decolonization in Mozambique. (10 marks)
  1. Mozambique was colonized by a colonial power that was very poor and backward and which needed to keep its hold on her to enable her economy grow. She was an important source of revenue for the Lisbon government.
  2. Mozambique housed many settlers who had invested heavily in farming, mining, building, construction and in other sectors. They were therefore reluctant to leave.
  3. Mozambique was an important market for Portuguese products. Portugal was not willing to let go easily.
  4. The support, which the colonial government got from South Africa, enabled them to get uranium, which they used, for making bombs used to suppress African independence riots. They also got electricity and assistance to built caborra bassa dam on Zambezi.
  5. Mozambique was big geographically with very poor infrastructure i.e. roads and communication facilities. This hampered fast movement of people and ideas.
  6. Unlike other colonized countries, Mozambique suffered the worst kind of exploitation and repression/ rigorous censorship and surveillance by security forces, which discouraged emergence of nationalism.
  7. The Portuguese practiced racism out of fear that if they educated Africans and gave them equal status, the Africans would outnumber them and throw them out.
1. Why did the allied powers win in the First World war 1914 – 1918. (5 marks)
  1. Allied powers had many supporters drawn from 25 states some of which were Britain, France, Belgium, Russia, Italy, USA, Japan and Portugal. They had more manpower than the central powers.
  2. Germany failure to effectively control her expensive colonies and others turned against her.
  3. USA entry into war on the side of the allies accelerated the defeat of the central powers. The industrial might of USA and her economic wealth helped the Allies to force the central powers to their knees.
  4. The Allies had able and focused political leaders like Lloyd George the British Premier and Georges Clemenceau the French Premier.
  5. Germans/axis powers made serious technical mistakes like invasion of the neutral Belgium by Germany which turned the world opinion against the central powers.
  6. Superior naval power of the Allies. The superiority of the British Royal Navy enabled the Allies to enforce a naval Blockade that caused severe food shortages among the central powers.
  7. Germany fought the war on many fronts.
  8. Germany was badly led down by her colleagues like Italy who decamped and Bulgaria and Austria-Hungary who had to be assisted all the time. Turkey on her part easily accepted defeat.
  9. The Allies had financial and industrial resources in Europe and in their colonies which were used to great advantage during the war.
  10. The Allies had powerful weapons e.g. they used Tankers, Aircraft and Battleships.
  11. The allies were united under the Command of General Foch which disadvantaged the central powers. German also used young and inexperienced soldiers after 1918 due to heavy causalities.
  12. The central powers were surrounded by the Allies as they lay in the centre of Europe. They also lacked an extensive coastline and thus were easily blockaded.
2. Explain the causes of the Second World War 1939 – 1945. (10 marks)
  1. Germany’s dissatisfaction based on territorial grievances. The Versailles treaty of 1919 imposed harsh and humiliating conditions on Germany, which aggrieved the Germans to the level of being ready to go to war again.
  2. The rise of nationalism in Europe.In Germany, the chancellor, Adolf Hitler who had the desire to dominate the whole world, fuelled it. For example, he encouraged German speakers in Sudetenland, Czechoslovakia to demand independence from Czechoslovakia. Italy under Mussolini invaded Ethiopia, in 1939 to regain her lost glory and national pride after the Adowa defeat I 1896. Syria rose up against France.
  3. Political developments in Europe.In Italy in 1922, the fascist government under Benito Mussolini came to power. In Germany, Hitler’s Nazi government assumed power in 1933. The Fascist government in Italy emphasized on the regaining of lost glory. The Nazi government began a fresh new policy of aggression.
  4. The economic problems caused by the great depression of 1929 to 1931.The great slump led to widespread unemployment, declining wages, poverty etc. these led to social discontent and political unrest in many countries of the world.
  5. The failure of Germany to pay reparations.This was followed by the French invasion of the Ruhr industrial region- a German territory. This led to increased tension.
  6. Weakening of the League of Nations. Japan left the League of Nations after protest over Manchuria, which she had grabbed, from china. Italy left the League of Nations after Mussolini had grabbed Abyssinia and annexed it against the will of the allies and Ethiopians. Russia invaded Finland in 1939 and the league was unable to intervene. There were many secret treaties among members of the league.
  7. The Spanish civil war (1936-1939).The republican revolution of 1931 ended the Spanish monarchy. The struggle between the royalists and socialists, however, continued. The European powers took sides in the civil war. France, Britain and Russia supported the royalists. Germany and Italy supported General Franco who was fighting from exile in Morocco.
  8. Growth of military alliances.Hitler and Mussolini established a military pact in 1936 (The Berlin-Rome Axis). it became the Berlin-Rome-Tokyo Axis with the joining of Italy. The alliance between Russia and German to divide Poland widened the gap between them and the allied forces. It created fear and suspicion.
  9. The invasion of Poland by Germany. This happened in September 1939 was the immediate cause of the war. This upset Britain and France, who stated their intensions of assisting Poland. They declared war on Germany in October 1939.
1. Mention five characteristics of Commonwealth members. (5 marks)
  1. Members of the commonwealth use English as a common language.
  2. Members maintain cultural ties. For instance, they participate in the commonwealth games every four years.
  3. Members co-operate in the field of education.
  4. Members recognize the queen of England as the head of commonwealth.
  5. Members have a common military tradition based on the British military system. They also promote military exchange programmes.
  6. Members share common democratic institutions from Britain such as parliamentary system of government.
  7. Members have adopted constitutions that are almost similar.
2. Discuss five causes of the Cold war 1945 – 1990. (10 marks)
  1. Ideological differences. There was deep-seated fear and mutual suspicion between USA and USSR over the spread of their ideologies–capitalism and communism. E.g The establishment of the Soviet Union through acquisition of satellite states was a measure to contain capitalism.
  2. Disagreement over the issue of disarmament. The use of atomic bomb on Japan by USA towards the end of World War II alarmed USSR. The two sides failed to agree on an arms reduction plan and continued to stockpile atomic bombs.
  3. Economic rivalry. In 1947, the USA President Harry S. Truman introduced the Marshal Plan, a scheme to assist western European countries that had been devastated by war. The USSR in turn formed Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (COMECON), an economic cooperative plan for Eastern Europe. This further heightened the hostility between the west and the east.
  4. Formation of military alliances. In April 1949, the USA, western European countries and Canada formed a military alliance through the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty in Washington D.C. (NATO). The formation of NATO ended USA’s isolationist policy. Russians responded by signing the Warsaw Pact, in May 1955, a military alliance of communist countries. These alliances fostered hostility between countries.
  5. The use of Russian veto powers in the UN. Russia used her veto powers to defeat UN proposals, which she accused of being pro-USA. The struggle by the two powers to dominate the UN increased tension between them.
  6. Disagreement over the future of Germany as a whole. Western allies wanted a strong Germany to assist in the economic prosperity of other nations. Russia was keen on a politically and economically weak Germany to safeguard against another invasion.
    NB- in 1961, the USSR built the Berlin Wall, thus dividing East Berlin from West Berlin.
  7. USA’s military advancement. By 1945, the USA was the only country that possessed atomic weapons. This created fear.