Displaying items by tag: std 6
Citizenship - Class 6 Social Studies Revision Notes
- Patriotism
- African Socialism
- Democracy And Human Rights
- Law Peace and Conflict Resolution
- The Government of Kenya
Patriotism
- This is love for ones country
- It is an element of a good citizen
- A person who loves his country is called a patriot
Ways of demonstrating patriotism
- Obeying the laws
- Respecting other people and their property
- Participating in elections
- Offering services when called upon
- Payment of taxes
- Keeping the secrets of the countries
- Not engaging in corruption
- Talking good of our country
- Being royal
- Attending national celebrations
- Giving support to other kenyans
African Socialism
- It is a national philosophy
- It was adopted in the year 1965
- Was introduced by Jomo Kenyatta and Tom Mboya
- It was established through the introduction of sessional paper no.10 of 1965
- It emphasizes the spirit of togetherness
- It aims at achieving political and economic development
- It encourages equal treatment
- People are encouraged to live in harmony
Importances of African Socialism
- It promotes political democracy
- It emphasizes equality of all
- It urges people to respect others rights
- Encourages the development of mutual responsibilities
- It units all kenyans
- It encourages equal distribution of wealth
- vii. It encourages development in kenya
Democracy And Human Rights
Democracy
- It means majority rule
- In democracy majority of the people’s will is respected
Main principles of democracy
- Principles of democracy refers to rules that are generally acceptable in governance
- They include;
- Promotion of justice to all
- Promotion of equality before the law
- Promotion of freedom for all people
- Provision of equal opportunities for all citizens
- Recongnizing that power belongs to citizens
- Respect of people’s rights
- In democracy elections are valued
Human Rights
- These are freedoms and privileges entitled to all Kenyans
- They are in chapter four of the constitution
- The section in the constitution with the human rights is called the bill of rights
Rights
- Right to life
- Right to education
- Right to information
- Right to vote
- Right to own property
- Right to equality
- Right to shelter
- Right to food
- Right to marry
Freedoms
- Ability to make choices or do things without being stopped by others
- They include;
- Freedom of worship
- Freedom of movement
- Freedom of assembly
- Freedom of association
- Freedom of expression
- Freedom from discrimination
- Freedom of speech
Rights of People With Special Needs
- Right to access special education
- Right to equal employment
- Right to protected from discrimination
- Right to access special equipments
- Right to be represented in parliament
- Right to equality before the law
- Right to fair trial
Responsibility of Persons With Special Needs
- They should be law abiding
- Respect their leaders
- They should not misuse their privaleges
- They should not misuse their rights
- They should take responsibilities to build the nation
- Participating in elections
- Take part in community projects
- Being elected in leadership positions.
Law Peace and Conflict Resolution
Laws
- Rules guiding people to ensure peace and harmony
Peace
- A state of calmness when there is no war
Conflict resolution
- This is the process or act of solving or settling a disagreement.
Factors that Promote Peace
- Tolerance
- Equal opportunities for all
- Equal distribution of resources
- Dialogue i.e discussing issues to bring understanding
- Games and sports
- Obeying the laws
- Respecting others
- Accountability of all people fairly
- Listenning to the opinion of others
Factors that Undermine Peace
- These are things that result to a conflict
- Religious differences
- Political differences
- Civil wars
Border disputes - Unequal distribution of resources
- Robberies and cattle rustling.
- Uneployment
- Corruption
- Unequal application of the rule of law
- Intolerance
- Violation of people’s rights
- Tribalism and nepotism
Importance of Peace
- Leads to development
- Children are able to learn and go to school freely
- Leads to effective governance
- Tourism is developed
- In a peaceful state people enjoy their rights and freedoms
- Promotes good relations between people and country
- Promotes businesses and investments
- People can move freely to places within
The Government of Kenya
Arms of The Government
- Legislature
- Executive
- Judiciary
Elections
- Held after every five years
- Supervised by the IEBC – independent electoral and boundaries commission
Functions of IEBC
- Register voters
- Keeping and revising voters registers
- Registering and clearing candidates for elections
- Conducting of voters education
- Establishing polling stations
- Supervising of elections
- Counting of votes and announcing results
- Review the contituencies boundaries
- Supervising and conducting a referendum
- Recommends the creation of new constituencies
- Appoints and trains officials to supervise elections
- Determines the number each political party will niominate in the parliament
- Sets the campaign period
- Announces the election dates
- Settles disputes related to nomination
The Civil Electoral Process in Kenya
- Carried out in a ward
- The head of a ward is the county represetative or the member of the county assembly
- County representatives are elected by the citizens
Qualifications of a County Representative
- Must be a kenyan citizen
- Must be 18years and above
- Must be able to read and write in both english and kiswahili
- Must be a registered voter
- Must be a member of a party or an independent candidate
- Must be of sound mind
- Must be staying in the ward
- Must be supported by atleast seven members of a ward
- Must have an ID card
- Must present his nomination papers to the returning officer
- Must pay a nomination fee of 1000 to the IEBC
The Electoral Process
- Dissolution of the county assembly
- The speaker declares all the seats vacant
- IEBC announces the election date
- Political parties nominate their civil candidates
- Candidates present nomination papers to the IEBC
- IEBC announces the campaign period
- IEBC organizes voting equipments and materials
- IEBC appoints and trains election officials
- Election materials are taken to polling stations
- Voting is done from 6.00am to 5.00 pm on the day of election
- Voting is done by the use of secret ballots
- Counting of votes is done and witnessed by the observers and party representatives
- Presiding officers announces results at the polling stations
- All polling stations in the ward submit their counted votes to the returning officer and the winner is officially announced.
How a County Representative May Lose His Civil Seat
- In case of death
- Resignation from the seat
- If declared bankrupt by a court of law
- If civil election is nullified
- If he is jailed for more than six months
- Incase of a nominated county representative the IEBC may nullify the nomination
- Incase one is declared insane
- In case one looses his kenyan citizenship
- Resignation or defecting from his/her party
- If he misses 8 consecutive sittings in the county assembly.
Political Development And Systems - Class 6 Social Studies Revision Notes
- Traditional Forms of Government
- Early Visitors To Eastern Africa
- Establishment of Colonial Rule
- Colonial Rule
- Struggle For Independence In Tanganyika
- Regional Cooperations
Traditional Forms of Government
- In the pre-colonial periods aficans had well established governments through
- Kingdoms e.g.the wanga kingdom in kenya,buganda and bunyara in uganda
- Empires ruled by emporers in ethiopia
- Chiefdom ruled by powerful chiefs among nyamwezi in tanzania
- Council of elders among the ameru in kenya
The Buganda System of Government
- The Buganda Kingdom was situated to the south west of Lake Kyoga and North West of Lake Victoria
- The Buganda had a centralised type of government ruled by a king known as Kabaka
- The stories of origin of the Buganda kingdom conclude that it was founded by a person known as Kimera and Kintu
Factors that led to the rise of Buganda Kingdom
- It was small and stable hence easy to rule
- It was sorrounded by weak neighbours
- Participation in the long distant trade
- Enough food supply
- Strong able ruler
- Creation of a royal bodyguard to protect the king
Structure of the Government
- It was ruled by a king whose tittle was kabaka
- When the king died his son took over
- The kabaka was assisted by;
- Katikiro – prime minister
- Omulamuzi – chief justice
- Omuwanika – treasurer
- He was assisted by lukiiko(parliament)which made laws and discussed the budget
Administrative Structure of the Kingdom
- The Kingdom was divided into countries(district) called sazas ruled by ssaza chiefs
- Counties were divided into units called sub-counties or gombolola ruled by gombolola chiefs
- Sub-counties were divided into kitongole ruled by batangole chiefs
- Below the kitongole were villages ruled by miruka chiefs
- Clan heads called bataka assisted the king on matters relating to clan land
Functions of the Kabaka
- Administrative. He was the head of government
- Judicial. He settled major disputes
- Religious. He acted as a demigod who linked the baganda and their God
- Military. He was the commander-in-chief of the armed forces
The Government Among the Nyamwezi
- Nyamwezi are Bantus speakers in Tanzania
- The Nyamwezi lived in many independent groups ruled by chiefs known as ntemi
- The name Nyamwezi means people of the moon they came from the west the direction of the new moon.
Structure of Government
- The position of the nyamwezi chief was hereditary.
- Ntemi was assisted by five officials
- Mganwe – the ritual officer
- Mtwale – the army officer
- Mteko – assistant army officer
- Kikoma – the information officer
- Minule – the tax officer
- Council of elders among the nyamwezi was called wanyaphala
- The ntemi was chosen by a leadingheadman called mugabe
- Ntemi was also assisted by religious officials known as wanjikulu
- The most famous chiefs among the nyamwezi were
- Mirambo the chief of urambo
- Nyungu ya mawe the chief of ukimbu
- The mercenary soldiers among the nyamwezi was known as ruga ruga
Duties of Ntemi
- He was the commander in chief
- He administered the chiefdom
- He made judgement on cases of murder
- He controled trade between the arabs and his people
- He chaired riligious ceremonies
Role of Traditional Governments
- The leaders presided over social cultural and religious leaders
- They maintained law and order
- The stading armies protected the communities
- They encouraged respect of authority
- They settled disputes and conflicts among the people
- They encouraged people to work hard to feed their families
Early Visitors To Eastern Africa
- The early visitors to eastern africa came from different parts of the world and at different times They include
- The traders
- The explorers
- The missionaries
Explorers
- An explorer is a person who travels to new places to find out more about those places
- Explorers first came to eastern africa in the 15th century
- They called africa the dark continent(little was known about Africa)
Examples of explorers- Vasco Da Gama
- Henry Morton Stanley
- Richard Burton
- Samuel Baker and his wife
- John Speke
- James Grant
Vasco Da Gama
- He was the first european explorer to come to eastern africa from portugal
- He arrived in mombasa in 1498
- He was looking for a sea route to india to enable the porguese trade with India directly
- Looking for a place along the coast where they would get fresh supplies of food and water
- Vasco da gama was not well received in Mombasa he moved to Malindi where he built a pillar called Vasco Da Gama pillar
- He visited countries like Mozambique
John Speke
- He was born in england in 1827
- He first came to africa in 1856
- He was a soldier
- He was sent by the royal geographical society in london to find the source of River Nile
- He discovered lake victoria and named it after queen of England
- After meeting Kabaka Mutesa of the Buganda he was shown a fall and named it rippon falls
- He travelled along river nile to england through Egypt
Henry Morton Stanley
- He was a journalist by profession
- He was sent by royal geographical society to look for Dr.livingstone
- He arrived in Zanzibar in 1871
- He met Livingstone to the west of Lake Tanganyika at Ujiji but he refused to go back to England
- In 1874 Stanley sailed around Lake Victoria and confirmed it was the source of nile
- He visited the Buganda Kingdom and established friendly relations with Kabaka Mutesa I
- The protestants missionaries who were sent by the church missionary society arrived in Buganda in 1876
- The Roman Catholic missionaries arrived in 1879
N/B Henry Morton Stanley established that there was no relationship between River Nile ,Lake Tanganyika and River Lualaba
Results of the coming of explorers
- The Portuguese exposed Africa resources to the rest of the world
- They opened up Eastern Africa for the colonialists
- Report Dr.Livingstone helped to stop slave trade
Traders
- They were the earliest visitors to Eastern Africa
- They included
- Persians from iran
- Greeks from Greece
- Romans from Rome
- Chinese from China
- Arabs from Arabia
- They came to find markets for their goods and aquire raw materials for their industries
- The traders included ;
- Seyyid said
- William mackinon
- Carl peters
Seyyid said
- He was a ruler in oman arab
- He transfered his capital from oman to zanzibar in 1840
Reasons why he transferred his capital to Zanzibar
- Unfavourable climatic conditions in oman(extremely hot)
- He wanted to effectively control the coastal towns and trade
- Zanzibars good climate and fertile soils
- Zanzibar had a good harbour
- Zanzibar was centrally placed
- Escape stiff competition for leadership in oman
- To increase trade along the coast Seyyid Said did the following
- Organised trade caravans with the purpose of having regular supplies of ivory and slaves
- He signed trade treaties with USA, britain and france
- He invited indians traders and money lenders called banyans
N/B said sayyid died in 1856.
William Mackinon
- He was a businessman from Scotland
- He owned the British India Team Navigation Company which carried out trading activities between India and the coast of Eastern Africa
- He founded the British East Africa Company in 1887
- It later changed to Imperial British East Africa Company
- To ensure full control of the colony the IBEAC;
- Maintain law and order in the colony
- Collected taxes
- Recruited administrators to assist in governance
- Under the company rule revolts from the africans were widespread
- The British government took over the colony in 1898 when IBEACO bacame bankrupt
Carl Peters
- He was a German sent by the society of German colonization
- The association wanted to get colonies for Germany
- He founded the German East African Company to support trading activities
- In 1888 the German government took over the colony after the GEACo ran out of funds
- The German East African company enabled German to acquire Tanganyika, Burundi and Rwanda
Reasons for the coming of early visitors
- To trade with the people of the coast
- To look for markets for their goods
- The romans traders wanted to break arab monopoly of the coastal trade
- To look for resources for their industries
Results of the coming of early visitors
- They introduced new crops e.g.maize, pineapples and cassava
- Missionaries introduced modern health facilities by building hospitals
- Introduction of western education
- Introduction of islamic and christianity in the region
- Intermarriage of arabs and bantus gave rise to the swahili language and culture
- Development of towns e.g.Mogadishu, Kismayu, Lamu, Malindi, Kilifi, Mombasa, Dar er Salaam, Bagamoyo, Lindi, Mtwara, and Zanzibar
- Construction of tourist sites such as Fort Jesus and Vasco da Gama pillar
- They undermined African Culture
- They opened up Africa to the scrabble for colonies
- Africans lost their lands and independence
- Slave trade led to depopualation of some parts of east africa
- Resulted to forced labour
- It led to racial discrimination
- African workers were underpaid
Establisment of Colonial Rule
Scramble And Partition of Eastern Africa
- Scramble refers to the way European countries rushed and competed to get colonies in Eastern Africa
- Partition was the orderly manner in which the Europeans divided Eastern Africa among themselves
Reasons For The Scramble
- Europeans wanted to get raw materials for their industries
- Wanted to get markets for their manufactured goods
- The British wanted to control the coast of Eastern Africa so as to get Uganda and protect the source of River Nile
- They wanted places to settle their surplus population
- For their prestige or show how powerful they were
- wanted to stop slave (missionaries)
The Process of Partioning of Eastern Africa
- Tanganyika became a German protectorate
- The Islands of Pemba and Zanzibar, Kenya, Uganda, Sudan and part of Somalia were part of British of protection
- Italians were allowed to have Somaliland
- The French took part of Somaliland(today Djibouti)
- Ethiopia remained independent after defeating Italy in 1886 in the battle of Adowa
Colonial Rule
- After the partition the Germans took over the administration of Tanganyika from GEAC in 1892
- The british government also took over the administration of kenya in 1895 and uganda in 1894(british east africa protectorate)
- Initially the British Government appointed a commission and later a Governor to carry out administration of East African Protectorate
- The German Government also appointed a Governor to administer Tanganyika
Colonial Systems of Administration
British Colonial Administration in Kenya
- Kenya became a British East Africa protectorate in 1895
- It became a British colony in 1920
- The country was divided into provinces, districts, divisions and villages
- The colony was headed by a governor.
- Provinces, districts and divisions were administered by europeans officials
- Locations and villages were administered by chiefs, and headmen who were african
- The role of the chief was to
- Collect taxes
- Recruit labour to work in the settlers farms
British structure of administration
- Colonial secretary in britain
- Governor(representing british government)
- Provincial commissioner(PC)
- District commissioner (DC)
- District officer(DO)
- Chief
- Headman
The German Colonial Administration in Tanganyika
- Tanganyika came under German administration in 1888
- The German East Africa Company under the Carl Peters established Colonial Rule in Tanganyika
- The Company introduced taxes and tried to control trade at the coast
- The Arab traders led by Abushiri Bin Salim rebelled against the company(aAbushiri rebellion) in august 1888-1889
- The rebellion was crushed and Abushiri hanged
- In 1891 the German government took over the GEACo
- A governor was appointed who divided the country into provinces and districts.
- The akidas(chiefs)who were mainly arabs and swahili assisted in administration
- The jumbes were headmen who were very harsh and cruel to the Africans
- In 1905-1907 the Africans revolted against the German rule led by Kinjiketile ngware in what they called maji maji rebellion
- After the rebillion a new governor was appointed(Rechenberg)who made the following changes;
- He reduced the number of Africans working in the European farms
- Africans were allowed to grow cash crops
- He encouraged construction of roads
- He encouraged provision of education and use of swahili as a national language
- He replaced the Arabs and Swahili akidas and jumbes with educated africans
N/B German rule over Tanganyika came to an end after the first World War in 1918.Tanganyika was placed as a trust territory to the British by the league of nations. Rwanda and urundi were taken over by the belgium and became Rwanda and Burundi.
Effects of colonial rule
Positive effects
- Led to growth of towns
- Introduction of formal education
- Introduction of new crops
- Development and improvement of transport and communication
- Colonial rule led to the abolishment of slave trade
- It led to the rise and growth of nationalism
Negative effects
- Loss of independence
- Division of communities
- Over-exploitation of natural resources
- Mistreatment of africans
- Neglect of craft industries
- Loss of land
- Loss of african culture
- Creation of political boundaries separated communities
- Loss of life and destruction of properties
African Response to Colonial Rule
- This refers to the way africans bahaved or reacted when europeans established their rule over them.
- Some africans leaders led their communities in welcoming the Europeans in their territories collaboration
- Others opposed colonial rule in their territories(resisted)
Resistance
- Kabaka Mwanga
- He succeeded his father Kabaka Mutesa I as a King in 1884
- He bacame the king at the youthful age of eighteen
- Mwanga reduced the influence of Christians by asking them to renounce their faith
- Mwanga ordered for the killing of Christians who refused to renounce their faith
- In 1885 Mwanga ordered for the killing of Bishop Hannington of the Cirus
Reasons for the Mwangas Resistance- He feared being conquered from the East according to the prophecy
- He feared that the christians converts would no longer be loyal to him
- He realized that missionaries in Buganda were becoming too strong to be controlled
- Warnings from the Arabs about the increasing number of Europeans
- The Hehe Rebellion
- It was led by Chief Mkwawa of the hehe between 1891-1898(Mkwawa means conquerer of many lands)
- In the attack the hehe warriors killed 300 Germans soldiers in 1891 in the battle of Lugalo
- In 1894 the German attacked Mkwawa's headquarters at Kalenga but mkwawa escaped
- In 1898 Germans cornered him but he commited suicide rather than be captured alive
- The Germans chopped off his head and sent it to Germany to be kept in the museum
Collaboration
- Kabaka Mutesa I
- He ruled buganda between 1856-1884
- In 1877-1879
- He welcomed church missionaries society and the Roman Catholic missionaries
Reasons for collaboration- Wanted to check the spread of the Bunyoro kingdom
- Wanted to protect his kingdom from external attacks
- He respected the Europeans because of their knowledge and skills
- He feared the influence of muslims in the kingdom
- He greatly admired the medicines and presents that the Europeans came with
- Laibon Lenana
- He was the son of the great Laibon Mbatian who died in 1890
- Mbatian had two sons Lenana and Senteu who competed for leadership
- Lenana bacame the leader of the Maasai living in the north of Kenya- Tanzania border
Reasons for collaboration- He wanted British support against his brother
- Wanted support from the British who raided the Agikuyu
- He wanted help from the British because of the famine that had occured in his area
Results of lenana collaboration- He was recognised as a paramount chief
- He was rewarded with cattle for his co-operation
- The railway was built through maasai land without trouble
- Maasai morans used to raid communities who opposed the construction of the railway.
- Oloibon lenana signed two agreements with the British
- Anglo Maasai treaty of 1904
- 2nd Anglo Maasai treaty of 1911
- These treaties caused the communities to lose their land and independence
Struggle For Independence In Tanganyika
- German rule in tanganyika ended in 1918 when it lost in the 1st World War
- In 1919, The League of Nations took over Tanganyika and gave it to the British a trust territory
- Tanganyika became a British colony in 1920
- In 1922 the Tanganyika territory African Civil Servants Associates was founded
- In 1924 Kilimanjaro Native Planters Association was formed to address the farmers problems
- In 1929 Tanganyika African Association was founded to demand for better jobs and more African to the legco
- In 1945 Nyerere became an official of TAA while still a Student in Makerere University College
- In 1954 TAA changed its name to Tanganyika African National Union with Nyerere as the president and Oscar Kambina as secretary general.
- Nyerere was nominated to the legco in 1954
- In 1956 the Europeans founded the United Tanganyika Party UTP to oppose TANU
- In the 1958 legco elections TANU won all the seats
- In 1960 elections were held and TANU won 70 out of the 71 seats Nyerere bacame the cheif minster as Tanganyika was granted self government
- In December 1961 Tanganyika was granted full independence with Nyerere as first prime minister.
- In 1964 Tanganyika merged with Zanzibar to form the United Republic of Tanzania
- Nyerere became the president and Sheikh Abeid Karume the deputy president
Life And Contributions Of Prominent Leaders in Eastern Africa
Haile selasie
- Haile selasie was born in 1892 in Harar, Ethiopia.
- His real name was Ras Tafari Mackonen
- Ras means prince
- He was a cousin to Menelik II
- Before he was crowned the emperor, he ruled Ethiopia as a regent
- A regent is a person who rules in place of a king who is either sick or too young
- Mackonen was helping Zaiduti who had become empress(Menelik’s young daughter)after the death of her father.
- In 1930 Mackonen was crowned the emperor and got a throne name Haile Selasie which means power of trinity
- He set up private schools to modernize education.
- He introduced a new constition in ethiopia
- He trained his army in France and equiped them with modern weapons
- He brought American experts to advice on national development issues
- He helped to abolish the ownership of slaves
- He organised his government into ministries
- He resisted Italian invasion in Ethiopia.
- He was a founder member of Organisation of African Unity in may 1963 at Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- NB haile selasie died in 1975
Julius Nyerere
- He was born in 1922 in Butian village in Musoma district of Tanzania
- He was trained as a teacher in Makerere University in Uganda
- After returning from England in 1953, he became the president of TAA.
- He founded TANU in 1954
- He became the chief minister in 1960
- In 1961 he led the people of Tanganyika to independence. He became the first prime minister of Tanganyika in 1961
- In 1964 they merged Tanganyika and Zanzibar to the United Republic of Tanzania with Nyerere as its first president
- Through his efforts TANU and ASP merged to form Chama Cha Mapinduzi.
- In 1967 Nyerere together with the leaders of Kenya and Uganda established the East African Community.
- Took part in the liberation of some African countries still under colonial rule e.g.mozambique, angola, zimbabwe and namibia
- He organised his people into villages called ujamaa villages where people shared facilities provided by the government
- He was a founder member of OAU.
- He improved formal education
- He campaigned for world peace and a reduction of dangerous weapons. Nyerere was rewarded the beyond war award in 1985
- He helped liberalise Uganda from the brutal rule of Idi Amin in 1979
- Mwalimu Julius Nyerere retired voluntarily as a president of Tanzania in 1986
NB Mwalimu Julius Nyerere died in 1999 after suffering from lukeimea at the age of 77yrs
Regional Cooperations
- Regional cooperation is the act of countries working together with a common objectives
- Examples
- East african community(EAC)
- Inter-government authority on development (IGAD)
The East African Community
- EAC was formed in June 1967 by three heads of state of Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania.
- It had its headquaretrs in Arusha, Tanzania
- It collapsed in 1977
- In 1993 the heads of states revived the cooperation as East African Co-operation
- In 1999 it was transformed to East African Community
- The new EAC started its operations in july 2000
- The headquarters are still in Arusha, Tanzania
Objectives of EAC
- Promotes a wider markets for goods
- Reduce or remove trade barriers like taxes
- Promote common services like transport, communication , education, health and security
- Promotes science, research and technology.
- Promotes peace, security and political stability in the region
- Promotes free movement of people in the region
Member countries
- Kenya
- Uganda
- Tanzania
- Rwanda
- Burundi
- Rwanda and Burundi joined the organisation in 2008
Problems facing EAC
- Production of similar items of trade
- Lack of a common currency
- Poor means of transport and communication
- High taxes
- Political instability
- Mistrust among the leaders
- The emergence of other regional bodies
- Lack of enough funds
Inter-Governmental Authority on Development(IGAD)
- It was formerly formed as inter-government authority on drought and development (IGADD) in 1986
- Its objective was to check the spread of deserts in the horn of Africa
- In order to deal with other challenges facing the member countries IGADD changed its name to IGAD in 1992
Objectives of IGAD
- Establish peace and security in the region
- Promote food security
- Promote inter-regional trade
- Improve transport and communication facilities
- Encourage the conservation and preservation of the environment
- To eradicate poverty
- Rehabilitate destroyed infrastructure and displaced people
Member countries of IGAD
- Somalia
- Sudan
- Uganda
- Kenya
- Ethiopia
- Djibouti
- Eritrea
Problems facing IGAD
- Political instability due to civil wars
- Lack of enough funds
- Misunderstanding among the member states
- Lack of a central government in Somalia that makes it difficult for IGAD to carry out its programmes
- Religious differences between muslims and christians
- Lack of primary health care and HIV and Aids PANDEMICS
- Lack of trust and confidence among member states
- Cultural beliefs that do not promote women’s welfare
- Low levels of literacy due to inadequate educational facilities and teachers
- Contributions from the member states do not get the secretarial on time therefore delaying its programmes
Mathematics - Class 6 End Term 1 Exam 2021 Set 2
STANDARD 6, END OF TERM 1
MATHEMATICS
NAME....................................................SCHOOL...............................
- Which one of the following numbers is 500016 written in words?
- Fifty thousand and sixteen
- Five hundred thousand and sixteen
- Five hundred and sixteen
- Five hundred thousand one hundred and six
- What is the difference between 1 1/4 and 41/3, then added to 1/5?
- 5 47/60
- 3 1/2
- 3 17/60
- 3 1/12
- What is the Highest Common Factor of
12, 18 and 24?- 72
- 48
- 6
- 3
- Round off 6965 to the nearest hundreds
- 6970
- 6900
- 6950
- 7000
- Work out: 9636 + 12?
- 8 rem. 6
- 8
- 803
- 830
- What is the ne number in the sequence below?
36, 45, 54, 63, ___?- 81
- 74
- 72
- 57
- Express 13/4 as a mixed number.
- 11 2/5,
- 2 1/4
- 1.34
- 3 1\4
- What is the sum of the total value of digits 2 and 6 in the number 52769?
- 26
- 2060
- 2006
- 2160
- Solve: 2 (9-4) = 20
- 46
- 14
- 12
- 10
- A bus arrived in Kisii from Nairobi at 1.30 p.m. If the whole journey took 4 1/2 hours at what time had the bus left Nairobi?
- 6.00 pm
- 9.00 am
- 9.00p.m
- 6.00 am
- What is the missing number in the factor tree below?
- 4
- 9
- 5
- 12
- There are 894 pupils at Pap Oriang Primary School. If there are 432 boys, how many girls are there in the school?
- 462
- 362
- 1236
- 1326 3.
- What is the value of
0.241 +0.9 +4.36?- 7.31
- 4.501
- 5.501
- 4.401
- What is XLVI written in Hindu Arabic numerals?
- 66
- 56
- 44
- 46
- What is the sum of all prime numbers between 90 and 100?
- 97
- 188
- 190
- 198
- A butcher bought 8 kg of meat. How many grams of meat did he buy?
- 875g
- 8750g
- 8349
- 8.75g
- What is the place value of digit 6 in the number 24.136?
- Thousandths
- Hundredths
- Tenths
- Ones
- What is the perimeter of the figure below?
- 1700m
- 2200m
- 2500m
- 3000m
- In Karumo village there are 945424 people. 416250 are men and 220790 are women. The rest are children. How many children are there in the village?
- 308565
- 308455
- 308384
- 307384
- Work out:
Hours Minutes
6 35
+7 40
______________- 14 hrs 15 mins
- 13hrs 75 mins
- 13hr 45 min
- 13 hrs 15 min
- What is the area of the figure below?
- 80cm2
- 72cm2
- 45cm2
- 40cm2
- In a class of 45 pupils, of the pupils are girls. How many boys were there on a day when 5 boys were absent?
- 25
- 20
- 15
- 5
- Work out: 3.461 x 8
- 2768.8
- 2.7688
- 276.88
- 27.688
- What is the area of the shaded region in the figure below?
- 88cm2
- 120cm2
- 240cm2
- 450cm2
- Work out:
M Cm
40 90
+ 30 80
___________- 71m 70cm
- 70m 170cm
- 87m 00cm
- 71m 170cm
- The area of the rectangle below is 84cm2 If its width is 6cm, what is its perimeter?
- 90cm
- 40cm
- 20cm
- 14cm
- Arrange the fractions below from the largest to the smallest.
1/7 , 1/3 , 1/2, 1/9- 1/7 , 1/9 , 1/3 , 1/2
- 1/9 , 1/7 , 1/3 , 1/2
- 1/3 , 1/2, 1/7 ,1/9
- 1/2 ,1/3 , 1/7 ,1/9
- Simplify:
6x + 10x + 2q + 49 - 2x- 14x + 49
- 6x - 149
- 14x + 69
- 14x - 64 29.
- Work out:
9 1/5 - 5 3/4- 4 1/10.
- .4 2/9
- 3 9/20
- 8 4/9
- What is the value of the angle marked q in the figure below?
- 130°
- 80°
- 75°
- 50°
- The difference between two numbers is 36436. If the smaller number is 21837, what is the bigger number?
- 58764
- 14599
- 58273
- 57663
- What is the area of the shaded part in the figure below?
- 346cm2
- 250cm2
- 154cm2
- 96cm2
- Nevine bought the following items from a kiosk.
5 mangoes at sh. 10 each
A loaf of bread at sh. 55
A packet of milk @ sh. 50
A bar of soap for sh. 60
How much balance did she get if she paid using a sh. 500 note?- Sh. 215
- Sh. 385
- Sh. 285
- Sh. 485
- Work out:
24 x 1 7/8- 45
- 30
- 1/45
- 1/30.
- Add: 1082 +9197 +5096 + 3981 =
- 17046
- 9077
- 18356
- 19356
- What is the volume of the cuboid below?
- 320cm3
- 80cm3
- 32cm3
- 22cm3
- What is the time in the clockfact below?
- Eleven o'clock
- Five minutes to eleven
- Eleven minutes to five
- Five minutes to eleven
- Which type of angle is drawn below?
- Acute angle
- Reflex angle
- Obtuse angle
- Right angle
- What is the value of 3p + 4 + 2q
If p = 2 and q = 3?- 16
- 15
- 9
- 0.5
- Work out:
Weeks Days
2 5
+ 1 4
_____________- 3 weeks 9 days
- 4 weeks 2 days
- 4 weeks 6 days
- 4 weeks 1 day
- How many quarter litre packets are there in 8 litres?
- 2
- 4
- 16
- 32
- What is the LCM of 24, 30 and 36?
- 72
- 360
- 540
- 1080
- Which of the following numbers is divisible by 4?
- 4824
- 4114
- 4401
- 4410
- How many grammes are there in 12kg?
- 120
- 1200
- 12000
- 120000
- How many rectangles are there in the figure below?
- 4
- 5
- 7
- 9
- Convert 86/100 into a decimal
- 86.00
- 8.6
- 100.86
- 0.86
- Round off 270m 49cm to the nearest metres
- 271m
- 27049m
- 270m
- 2749m
- Lydia is 11 years old. Her mother is three times older than her. What is their total age?
- 44 years
- 33 years
- 22 years
- 14 years
- Mwikali uses 6 litres of milk daily in her hotel. How many litres does she use in the month of July?
- 186
- 180
- 174
- 168
- The graph below shows the favourite dishes for pupils in std. 6 in Sellys Junior School.
How many pupils are there in std. 6?- 11
- 12
- 39
- 40
MARKING SCHEME
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- D
- C
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- D
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- C
- A
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- D
- C
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- A
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- A
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