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Sodium carbonate is prepared on large scale by the Solvay process. The equation for the main reaction that takes place in the carbonator is:
NaCl(aq) + NH3(g) + CO2(g)+ H2O(l) → NH4Cl(aq) + NaHCO3(s)

  1. Describe how the sodium carbonate is obtained from the products of the carbonator. 
  2. One of the by-products of the Solvay process is calcium chloride. Explain how the calcium chloride is formed in this process. 

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  1. The products are filtered to obtain NaHCO3 as a residue.
    The residue is heated to obtain NaHCO OR  The products are filtered then dried
  2. Calcium carbonate decompose to form CaO and CO2
    CaO/Ca(OH)reacts with water and then NH4Cl to form CaCl2

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