Question

Describe the production of finger millet under the following subtopics:ecological requirements, varieties, land preparation, planting, field management practises and harvesting.

Answer 1

1. Ecological Requirements:
   • Finger millet is a hardy crop that can thrive in a range of ecological conditions, making it suitable for both tropical and subtropical regions.
   • It is typically grown at altitudes ranging from sea level to 2,400 meters above sea level.
   • Finger millet prefers well-drained soils but can tolerate poor soils with low fertility.
   • It requires a rainfall range of 500 to 1,500 mm annually. Rainfall during the growing season is crucial.
2. Varieties:
   • There are various finger millet varieties available, and the choice of variety depends on local conditions and preferences.
   • Popular varieties include Ragi (popular in India), U-15, P-224, and IE-487.
3. Land Preparation:
   • Clear the land of weeds and debris to ensure a clean seedbed.
   • Plow or dig the soil to a depth of about 15-20 cm to improve soil aeration and break compacted layers.
   • Incorporate organic matter like compost or well-rotted manure to enhance soil fertility.
   • Create ridges or furrows to facilitate water management and prevent waterlogging.
4. Planting:
   • Finger millet can be grown from seeds, and the planting method often depends on local practices.
   • Seeds can be sown directly in rows or broadcast.
   • Optimal planting depth is around 2-3 cm.
   • Plant spacing varies but is typically around 20-25 cm between rows and 5-10 cm between plants in a row.
   • Sow seeds at the beginning of the rainy season when soil moisture is sufficient.
5. Field Management Practices:
   • Weed Control: Regular weeding is crucial during the early stages of growth to reduce competition for nutrients and sunlight.
   • Water Management: Adequate moisture is essential. Supplemental irrigation may be necessary during dry spells.
   • Fertilization: Depending on soil conditions, apply balanced fertilizers containing nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.
   • Pest and Disease Management: Monitor for common pests like armyworms and diseases like blast. Use appropriate pesticides or cultural practices as needed.
6. Harvesting:
   • Finger millet is typically ready for harvest in about 3-4 months after planting.
   • Harvest when the panicles (seed-bearing structures) turn brown and the grains harden.
   • Cut the entire plant at ground level, bundle them, and allow them to dry in the field for a few days.
   • Thresh the dried panicles to separate the grains from the rest of the plant material.
   • Winnow to remove chaff and other debris.
   • Store the harvested grains in a cool, dry place in airtight containers to prevent moisture and pest damage.