Social, Economic and Political Developments and Challenges in Africa Since Independence - History Form 4 Topical Revision Questions and Answers

QUESTIONS

1. State two political challenges facing Tanzania after independence   (2mks)
2. What was the main ideological differences between Patrick Lumumba and Joseph  Kasaraba? (1mk)
3. State the main political challenge that has faced Democratic Republic of Congo after independence. (1 mk)
4. Identify two political challenges that have faced the Democratic Republic of Congo since independence (2mks)
5. State two political challenges that have faced Tanzania since independence   (2mks)
6. State one aim of the Arusha declaration in Tanzania. (1mk)
7. Mention two reforms made by Mobutu Sese Seko in an attempt to stabilize the democratic republic of Congo since independence. (2mks)
8. What is the main political challenge in Africa? (1mk)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Political challenges facing Tanzania after independence
   
   • Political assassination of Abeid Karume
     
   • Poor relation between the main land and island Zanzibar
     
   • Political exiles e.g.. Oscar Kambona
     
   • Different ideologies between the main land and Zanzibar
     
   • Army mutiny
     
   • Capitalists opposed Arusha declaration
     
   • Zanzibar threat to withdraw from the union
     
   • Border closure with her neighbours e.g. Uganda.
     
   • Rise of multi-party democracy threatened unity
     
   • Terrorist attack 1 x 2 = 2 Marks
2.  
   • Patrice Lumumba wanted unitary system of government while Kasavubu wanted a Federal system of government 1 x 1 = 1mk
     (Differences must be clear)
3. State the main political challenge that has faced Democratic Republic of Congo after independence. (1 mk)
   • Political instability/civil wars/dictatorship. (1 X 1 = 1mk)
4. Identify two political challenges that have faced the Democratic Republic of Congo since independence (2mks)
   1. Military coup deta’t
   2. Ethnic differences / tribal clashes
   3. Secession disputes
   4. Civil wars
   5. Political assassinations
   6. Foreign interferences
   7. Army mutiny 1 x 2 = (2mks)
5.  
   1. At independence political power was skewed towards the urban elites.
   2. Africanisation of political institutions created a power vacuum.
   3. The army muting of Jan 20, 1964.
   4. The union of Tanzania & Zanzibar and resultant differences.
   5. Pressure from the cold war.
   6. Political differences from E.A heads of States.
   7. Assassination of Sheikh Abeid Karume.
   8. Socialism made donors to shy away. (Any 2 x1 = 2mks)
6. State one aim of the Arusha declaration in Tanzania. (1mk)
   • To encourage self-reliance
   • Promote communalism
   • Nationalization of key sectors of the economy
     1 x 1 = 1mk
7. Two reforms made by Mobutu Sese Seko in attempts to stabilize the Democratic Republic of Congo since independence
   • He reformed constitution and stripped parliament of its powers.
   • He abolished the federal system and the local assemblies.
   • He reduced the number of provinces to eight
   • The civil servants were to be appointed by the central government
   • He founded his own party the popular Movement Revolution. 2x1 = 2 mks
8. Civil war / political instability (1mk)