SECTION A (30 marks)
Answer ALL the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
- State four ways of controlling lice in poultry.
- State three signs of heat observed in rabbits.
- Name three methods of extracting honey from combs.
- State three signs of broodiness in a hen.
- Give the main reason for each of the following in dairy farming: (12 marks)
- milking quickly and evenly;
- milking at regular times;
- complete milking.
- State four factors that stimulate milk let-down in a lactating cow. (2 marks)
- State four signs of infestation by external parasites in goats. (2 marks)
- Give four disadvantages of inbreeding in livestock production.
- State four advantages of fish farming in Kenya.
- Give two reasons for castration in piglets. (2 marks)
- Name two practices that are carried out on eggs in preparation for marketing. (1 mark)
- State two precautions that should be observed when shearing sheep to ensure production of high quality wool. (1 mark)
- Name four parts of a farm building that can be reinforced using concrete.
- State four factors that can affect digestibility of a feedstuff in livestock.
- State two causes of soft shelled eggs.
- Give four characteristics of a good site for a fish pond.
- State four disadvantages of fold system in poultry rearing. (2 marks)
- Name four methods of docking in sheep rearing. (2 marks)
SECTION B (20 marks)
Answer ALL the questions in this section in the spaces provided.
- Below are photographs showing parts of a ruminant stomach. Study them and answer the questions that follow.
- Identify the parts labelled A and B (2 marks)
A......
B..... - State one function of the part labelled
A..... (1 mark)
C.......... (1 mark) - Name one enzyme that is produced in the part labelled D. (1 mark)
- Identify the parts labelled A and B (2 marks)
- Below is a diagram illustrating the reproductive system of a bull. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
- Identify the parts labelled
K............. - State the function of the part labelled
Epididymis. (1 mark)
Seminal vesicles... (1 mark)
- Identify the parts labelled
- Below is a photograph showing an egg being candled. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
- Why is candling important in poultry farming? (1 mark)
- What changes will be observed on the same egg if it was candled on the 18th day of incubation? (2 marks)
- The following is an illustration of a handsaw. Study it carefully and answer the questions that follow.
- Name the parts labelled
F......
G........ (1 mark) - Explain three maintenance practices that should be carried out on the part labelled H. (3 marks)
- Name the parts labelled
- Below is a diagram illustrating a farm implement. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
- Identify the implement illustrated above. (1 mark)
- State the use of the:
- implement on the farm;
- part of the implement labelled J.
SECTION C (40 marks)
Answer any TWO questions from this section in the spaces provided after question 26.
-
- Give five reasons for keeping livestock healthy. (5 marks)
- Describe the symptoms of roundworm infestation in livestock. (7 marks)
- Describe the control measures for cannibalism in layers. (8 marks)
-
- Describe the body conformation features of a dairy heifer. (5 marks)
- State the disadvantages of using live fences on a farm. (7 marks)
- Describe how a four-stroke cycle petrol engine works. (8 marks)
-
- Describe the disease control routine management practices in calf rearing (7 marks)
- Describe contagious abortion (Brucellosis) disease under the following sub-headings: (i)
- causal organism; (1 mark)
- animals affected; (2 marks)
- symptoms; (4 marks)
- control measures. (6 marks)
![](/images/EasyElimu_Banner.jpg)
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A: (30 MARKS)
-
- Dusting the birds with insecticide - sodium floride.
- Observing good hygiene.
- Fumigation/smearing the affected perches with volatile insectides.
- Picking and killing.
-
- The doe throws herself on its side.
- Frequent urination.
- Vulva turns red and swells.
- Doe becomes restless.
- Doe rubs her body against the wall.
- Peeping/contacting other rabbits in adjacent hutches. 3x 2 = 1 21
-
- Crushing and straining /squeezing method.
- Heating method.
- Use of centrifugal extractor.
-
- Hens stop laying eggs.
- Hens sit on eggs for long periods /continuously.
- Hen plucks off feathers to make a nest.
- Hens are aggressive when approached/walks with wings open.
- Characteristics cracking sound. 3 x 2 = 1 21
-
- Oxytocin effects last for five to seven minutes;
- Milk let-down is initiated when the milking time is reached;
- Prevent drying off/prevents reducing in yield/prevents mastitis infection. 3 x 21 = 1 21 marks
-
- Sight of calf
- Washing/massaging the udder.
- Feeding
- Sounds associated with milking.
- Sticking to a regular milking routine.
- Sight of milkman 4 x 21 = 2 marks
-
- Presence of sores/wounds on the skin.
- Irritation/scratching by the animal
- Loss of hair/alopecia.
- Anaemia
- Presence of various developmental stages of the parasite on the animal.
-
- Reduction of vigour in animals/loss of hybrid vigour/heterosis.
- Quality of products is lowered.
- Reduction in disease resistance ability.
- Appearance of undesirable hereditary defects.
- Increase in abortion/embryonic mortality.
- Decline in fertility
- Reduced production.
-
- Cheap source of protein for the family.
- Require little land and is possible where land is limiting.
- Quick source of income for the farmer.
- Makes fish to be available within the locality.
-
- Allow for even distribution of fat in the body.
- Control breeding.
- Increasing growth rate.
- To make them docile.
- Control breeding diseases.
-
- Checking for abnormalities/candling.
- Selecting eggs of the right size/weight.
- Cleaning/wiping off dirt.
- Sorting and grading.
-
- Do not make half-cuts/make complete cuts.
- Shear sheep during the dry warm season.
- Do the operation on a clean dry floor/use clean shearing equipment.
- Do not cut body parts.
- Use clean shearing equipment
-
- Foundation of the building.
- The floor slab/floor.
- The Lintel.
- Pillars.
- Walls.
-
- Ratio of energy to protein in the feedstuff
- Form in which the feed is fed to the animal/method of feed preparation.
- Chemical composition of the feedstuff.
- Species of the animal.
- Amount of feed already present in the digestive system of the animal.
- Rate of feeding/frequency of feeding.
-
- Lack of calcium in the feed
- Disease attack such as Newcastle
-
- Topography/slope of land should be gentle sloping.
- Reliable water source.
- Area with cracks/anthills should be avoided.
- Soil type/site should be free of gravel/stone/sand/preferably clay soil.
- Secure from predators and thieves.
- The site should be accessible.
-
- Disadvantages of fold system:
- Few birds per unit area.
- Laborious in moving the folds.
- Difficult to keep individual bird production records.
- Produces dirty eggs.
- Fold breaks easily due to constant movement.
-
- Dehorning methods:
- Use of sharp knife.
- Burdizzo and knife.
- Rubber ring and elastrator.
- Use of hot iron.
SECTION B: (20 marks)
-
- A - Reticulum/Honey comb.
B - Rumen/pauch. - A: - Separating fine and course food materials.
- Retaining indigestible food materials.
C: - Absorption of water.
- Grinding and sieving food particles
- Temporary food storage - Pepsin/Renin 1 x 1= 1 mark
- A - Reticulum/Honey comb.
-
- K - Urethra 1 mark
L - Testes/testis 1 mark - Epididymis - stores sperms 1 mark
Seminal Vesicles - Secrete seminal fluid in which sperms move. 1 mark
- K - Urethra 1 mark
-
-
- Check egg abnormalities
- Monitor chick development during incubation
- Check whether the egg is fertile
-
- A large dark section of developing chick.
- A small clear section of air space.
-
-
- F - Toe 1 mark
G - Blade 1 mark -
- Sharpening of teeth regularly to improve efficiency.
- Regular cleaning after use to remove dirt.
- Setting the teeth to maintain cutting angles.
- Apply oil before storage to prevent rusting.
- F - Toe 1 mark
-
- A Ridger/mould board ridger. 1 mark
-
- To make ridges/furrows 1 x 1 = 1 mark
-
- used to attach the implement to a tractor.
- Adjusting the depth of operation. 1 x 1 = 1 mark
SECTION C: (40 marks)
-
- Reasons for keeping livestock healthy
- Good health ensures a long economic and productive life.
- Healthy animals give maximum production/high performance.
- Healthy animals grow fast and reach maturity early.
- Healthy animals produce quality products which fetch good prices.
- Healthy animals do not spread diseases to other animals/human beings.
- Healthy animals are economical to keep/reduce production costs.
Any 5 x 1 = 5 marks
- Symptoms of roundworm attack.
- Anorexia/loss of appetite under heavy infestation.
- Stiff dry coat or starring coat
- Dehydration and pale mucosa.
- Eggs and adults are seen in faeces
- General emaciation
- Animal may diarrhoea
- Anaemic condition when infestation is heavy
- Pot-bellies especially in young animals.
- Coughing.
- Control measure for cannibalism
- Avoid bright light in the house.
- Avoid overcrowding
- Provide balanced diet.
- Control external parasites.
- Hang vegetables in the house to keep birds busy.
- Debeak birds which peck at others.
- Cull perpetual cannibals/birds with prolapse.
- Provide adequate equipment feeders, waters, perches.
- Avoid introduction of new birds in the stock.
- Reasons for keeping livestock healthy
-
- Body conformation features of a dairy heifer.
- Straight topline.
- Have large and well developed udder with large teats.
- Have large stomach which makes them heavy feeders
- Have prominent milk veins.
- Have less flesh on their bodies/lean bodies.
- Have well set hind quarters to allow room for large udders.
- Prominent pin bones.
- Wedge shaped.
- Long thin neck.
- Disadvantages of live fences Any 5 x 1 = 5 marks
- May take long to establish into an effective fence.
- Not effective in sub-dividing land into paddocks/occupies a large space.
- May harbour pests.
- May create hiding places for thieves, wild animals and vermin.
- May be labour demanding to trim and infill regularly.
- May have shading effects on crops/competition for nutrients, moisture.
- May leave gaps which allow animals and thieves to pass through.
- Some may injure both livestock and the farmer.
- How a for stroke cycle Engine works (7 marks)
- Induction stroke/intake
- Piston moves down the cylinder causing the inlet valve to open drawing in fresh supply of petrol vapour and air into the cylinder. - Compression stroke
- The inlet valve closes and the piston moves up the cylinder. This compresses the fresh fuel mixture in the combustion chamber. - Power Stroke/ignition
- A spark is produced at the spark plug. This causes the fuel mixture to ignite and expand resulting in pressure that forces the piston to move down the cylinder.
- Both valve closed. - Exhaust stroke
- The piston moves up the cylinder to eliminate the burnt fuel mixture through the open exhaust valve.
- Induction stroke/intake
- Body conformation features of a dairy heifer.
-
- Management practices on calves
- Culling highly susceptible calves.
- Spraying with appropriate acaricides to control external parasites/ticks.
- Drenching with antihelminthes to control internal parasites.
- Vaccinate as appropriate against diseases
- Castration of males not required for breeding.
- Identification at the appropriate age to facilitate record keeping.
- Removal of any extra teats if more than four.
- Debudding/Dehorning
- Proper feeding of the calf.
- Treat the sick.
- Isolate the sick calves.
- Maintenance of hygiene.
Any 7 x 1 = 7 marks
- Brucellosis
- Causal organism
Bacteria/Brucella abortus/mellitensis/suis/sp - Animals affected
- Cattle
- Sheep
- Goats
- Pigs
- Symptoms
- Sponteneous abortion/premature births.
- Retained placenta.
- Infertility in females.
- Low libido in males.
- Orchitis/inflamed testis.
- Yellowish/brown slimmy discharge.
- Control
- Use of A.I.
- Culling/slaughter and properly dispose the carcass.
- Vaccination.
- Avoid contact with aborted foetus.
- Blood test to detect infected animals.
- Observe proper hygiene.
- Causal organism
- Management practices on calves
Download Kenya Certificate Of Secondary Education(KCSE 2013) Agriculture Paper 2 with Marking Scheme.
Tap Here to Download for 50/-
Get on WhatsApp for 50/-
Why download?
- ✔ To read offline at any time.
- ✔ To Print at your convenience
- ✔ Share Easily with Friends / Students