Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - KCSE 2021 Past Papers

SECTION A (30 marks)
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

1. Give four maintenance practices carried out on a knapsack sprayer. (2 marks)
2. State four reasons why rabbits are kept by farmers in Kenya. (2 marks)
3. State four maintenance practices carried out on a piggery unit. (2 marks)
4. Name the four stomach compartments of a ruminant. (2 marks)
5. State four causes of stress in poultry. (2 marks)
6. Give one reason why the milkman should:
   1. milk at regular intervals (½ mark)
   2. avoid milking with wet hands (½mark)
   3. milk quickly and evenly (½mark)
   4. practice complete milking (½mark)
7. State four factors that determine the amount of feed an animal consumes. (2 marks)
8. Give one use of each of the following farm tools:
   1. pipe wrench (½ mark)
   2. tenon saw (½ mark)
   3. spoke shave (½ mark)
   4. elastrator. (½ mark)
9. State four control measures for Brucellosis in cattle. (2 marks)
10.      
    1. Give two roles of wood shavings used as litter in the artificial brooder. (1 mark)
    2. Give two reasons why a chicken brooder should have a round shape. (1 mark)
11. Name four parts of the ignition system of a petrol engine. (2 marks)
12.      
    1. State two signs that show a rabbit is about to give birth. (1 mark)
    2. If a doe was served on 7th March 2021, determine the date it gave birth. (1 mark)
    3. What is the name given to the young one of a rabbit? (1 mark)
13. State four advantages of artificial calf feeding. (2 marks)
14. Give four characteristics of clean milk. (2 marks)
15.          
    1. Name two methods of service used in livestock breeding. (1 mark)
    2. Name two cattle diseases controlled through Government-imposed quarantine in Kenya. (1 mark)

SECTION B (20 marks)
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

16. The diagrams R and S show farm implements.
    R.....
    S.....
    1. Name the source of power used to operate the farm implement labelled: (1 mark)
    2. State the means by which the farm implement labelled S is attached to its source of power. (1 mark)
    3. Give two maintenance practices carried out on the implement labelled R. (2 marks)
17. The diagram below shows a parasite commonly observed on sheep.
    
    1. Identify the parasite. (1 mark)
    2. State four harmful effects of the parasite in sheep rearing. (4 marks)
18. The diagram below shows a method of incubation in poultry rearing
      
    1. Identify the method of incubation shown above. (1 mark)
    2. State four advantages of the method of incubation shown in Question 18. (4 marks)
19. A poultry farmer wants to prepare 200 kilograms of chick mash containing 20% Digestible Crude Protein (DCP). Calculate the amount of maize (10% DCP) and fish meal (60% DCP) the farmer requires to make the chick mash. Use the Pearson's square method and show your working (5 marks)

SECTION C (40 marks)
Answer any two questions from this section in the spaces provided after question 22.

20.        
    1. Describe calf scours under the following subheadings:
       1. causal organism. (1 mark)
       2. predisposing factors. (3 marks)
       3. control measures. (4 marks)
    2. Describe the rearing of day-old layer chicks up to the age of eight weeks. (12 marks)
21.      
    1. Describe milk secretion in a dairy cow. (5 marks)
    2. Describe six factors that are considered when selecting a gilt for breeding. (6 marks)
    3. Give nine reasons why the battery cage system of rearing is popularly used by large scale poultry farmers. (9 marks)
22.    
    1. Describe five management practices carried out on a fish pond. (5 marks)
    2.         
       1. Give five reasons for farm mechanisation.(5 marks)
       2. Describe six symptoms observed on a calf heavily infested with internal parasites. (6 marks)
    3. Give four routine rearing practices in the handling of livestock. (4 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1.  
   • Clean after use
   • Grease the moving parts 
   • Tighten loose nuts and bolts 
   • Repair broken parts
   • Painting
   • Unblock the nozzle
   • Replace worn out parts
   • Proper storage
   • Apply oil on metallic parts     (4 x 1⁄2 mark) = (2 marks) 
2.  
   • Serve as home pets
   • Provide skin for leather industries
   • Depend on locally available feeds
   • They multiply faster, hence easier source of income
   • Serve as a source of manure
   • Serve as a source of meat and fur
   • Requires small size of land  (4 x 1⁄2 mark) = (2 marks)
3.  
   • Cleaning
   • Provide litter to keep it dry and warm
   • Holes in the floor should be filled with concrete
   • Timber rails enclosing the runs should be replaced when broken
   • Should be disinfected to control disease agents
   • Should be sprayed or dusted to control parasites
   • Repair broken parts
   • Replace worn out parts    (4 x 1⁄2 mark) = (2 marks)
4.  
   • Rumen/pouch
   • Reticulum/honeycomb
   • Omasum/many plies/book
   • Abomasum/true stomach   (4 x 1⁄2 mark) = (2 marks)
5.  
   • Sudden noise
   • disease and parasite attack
   • lack/inadequate food and water
   • sudden change of weather
   • sudden change of routine management
   • introduction of new flock
   • Presence of predators
   • Presence of strangers
   • Parasite attack
   • Lack of water   (4 x 1⁄2 mark) = (2 marks)
6.  
   1. To allow milk synthesis to take place; to maintain high milk yield;
   2. To maintain proper hygiene
   3. Effects of oxytocin last for 5-7 minutes
   4. Avoid early drying off; Prevent mastitis infection; increase total milk yield per lactation
   5. To stimulate milk let down  (4 x 1⁄2 mark) = (2 marks)
7.  
   1. Age of the animal
   2. Size/production level/weight of the animal
   3. Physiological condition of the animal
   4. Breed of the animal  (4 x 1⁄2 mark) = (2 marks)
8.  
   1. Holding, tightening and loosening pipes
   2. Fine sawing in woodwork/cutting joints
   3. Smoothening curved surfaces of wood
   4. Expand rubber ring; during docking/castration/ dehorning (4 x 1⁄2 mark) = (2 marks)
9.  
   • Vaccination
   • Killing/destroying affected animals
   • Proper disposal of foetus/carcass
   • Use of healthy semen/bulls/cows/artificial insemination
   • Observe hygiene on the farm
   • Test the breeding cattle for the disease
   • Avoid contact with carcass/foetus/sick animals   (4 x 1⁄2 mark) = (2 marks)
10.  
    1.  
       • Absorb moisture
       • Maintain warmth  (2 x 1⁄2 mark) = (1 mark)
    2.  
       • Evenly distribute heat within the brooder.
       • Prevent overcrowding of chicks at corners  2 x 1⁄2 mark = (1 mark)
11.  
    • Ignition coil
    • Distributor
    • Contact breaker
    • Condensor
    • Spark plug
    • Wires
    • Battery
    • Ignition key/button     (4 x 1⁄2 mark) = (2 marks)
12.  
    1.  
       • Restlessness
       • Making a nest
       • Plucking of belly fur
       • Loss of appetite   (2 x 1⁄2 mark) = (1 mark)
    2. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7^th, 8^th
    3. Kindle/Kindling
13.  
    • many calves can be reared at the same time
    • the calf is given the correct amount of milk
    • proper milk yield records are kept
    • Orphaned calves can be successfully raised
    • Cows produce milk in the absence of the calf
    • Proper sanitation is maintained
    • More milk is sold hence more income
14.  
    • It is free from disease causing organisms
    • Has no hair, dirt or dust
    • Has high keeping quality
    • Has good flavour
    • Chemical composition is within the expected standards
    • odourless  (4 x 1⁄2 mark) = (2 marks)
15.  
    1.  
       • Artificial insemination
       • Natural mating
       • Embryo transplant     (2 x 1⁄2 mark) = (1 mark)
    2.  
       • Foot and mouth disease
       • Anthrax
       • Rinderpest     (2 x 1⁄2 mark) = (1 mark)

SECTION B (20 marks)

16.  
    1.  
       • R-tractor(1 mark)
       • S- animal power (1 mark)
    2. S-Yoke (1 mark)
    3.  
       • Clean after use
       • Unblock nozzles
       • Paint metallic parts to prevent rusting
       • Tighten loose nuts & bolts
       • Repair broken parts
       • Replace worn out parts
       • Propper storage
       • Lubricate/grease the moving parts
       • Oil metallic parts    2x1 = (2 marks)
17.  
    1. Louse(lice)    ( 1mark)
    2.  
       • Emaciation on heavy infestation
       • Sucks blood causing anaemia
       • Retarded growth
       • Damages wool lowering its quality
       • Cause wounds leading to secondary infectionsbership-join/
       • Cause irritation   4 x 1   (4 marks)
18.  
    1. Natural incubation    (1 mark)
       • It is less laborious
       • Little skills Is required
       • Cheap/small scale farmers can use it to multiply their flocks
       • The margin of risk is reduced   (4 x 1) = (4 marks)
19.  
    
    Fish meal ¹⁰/₅₀ x 200kg = 40kg      (1 mark)
    Maize meal ⁴⁰/₅₀ x 200kg = 160kg    (1 mark)
                                                            (5 marks)

SECTION C (40 marks)

20.  
    1.  
       1. Casual organism
          • Bacteria
          • Escherichia coli   ( 1 mark)
       2. Predisposing factors
          • unhygienic conditions in the houses of the young one
          • over feeding the calf with mild/cold milk
          • lack of colostrum
          • feeding the calf at irregular intervals
          • absence of green fodder in the diet/lack of vitamin A
          • feeding the calf with cold milk     3x1=3 marks
       3. Control measures
          • maintain cleanliness in the calf pen
          • avoid dampness on the floor/slatted floor/litter on the floor
          • have separate attendant for sick calf
          • administration of antibiotics
          • disinfection of fingers if used to induce calves to drink
          • Calving should be done on a clean disinfected area
          • Replace milk feeding with warm water mixed with glucose for one day as the first symptom is seen    4x1 = 4 marks
    2. Artificial rearing of chicks from day old up to the end of brooding
       • Ensure brooder corners are rounded
       • Provide enough brooding space depending on the number and age of chicks
       • Clean and disinfect brooder/equipment
       • Provide proper litter/wood shavings on the floor
       • Maintain proper ventilation by adjusting the opening
       • Provide fresh adequate and quality feed/chick mash
       • Provide brooder with reliable and appropriate lighting/ dim light
       • Control parasite using appropriate method
       • Vaccination/prophylactic drugs/isolate and treat the chick immediately
       • Spread newspapers on the floor
       • Provide glucose in water
       • Provide clean water adlibitum
       • Provide source of heat
       • Debeaking 8-10 days towards end of brooding
       • Keep proper records
       • Provide adequate waterers/feeders
       • Gradually introduce growers mush at 7^th week  (12 x 1) marks
21.  
    1.  
       • Milk is made from the food the animal eats
       • Digested food is carried by blood to the udder where milk is synthesized
       • Low levels of oestrogen towards the end of pregnancy activate the pituitary gland to secrete prolactin
       • Milk secretion is initiated towards the end of the gestation period by a hormone known as prolactin
       • Milk secreted is stored in the hollow cavities of the glomerular region and the numerous ducts within it
       • Some milk drains into the gland and treat where it is stored     5 x 1 5 marks
    2.  
       • Should have well set apart legs
       • Should have 12 or more teats
       • Should have strong feet and legs
       • Should have deep body conformation
       • Should have well-spaced teats
       • Should be long
       • Should be healthy
       • Should be of good temperament
       • Should be free from any physical defects
       • Should have good mothering ability        6x1 = 6 marks
    3.  
       • Cannibalism and egg eating are controlled mbership-join/
       • Accurate egg records can be easily kept
       • Birds do not contaminate food and water
       • Broodiness is discouraged as birds do not reach eggs
       • A large number of birds can be kept in a small area hence higher stocking rate
       • Sick birds can be detected and isolated for treatment
       • There is low labour requirement
       • There is no bullying during feeding
       • The system can be easily mechanized
       • Wire floors prevent re-infestation of parasite worms and coccidiosis
       • Handling is easy as hens are restricted to a small space
       • Clean eggs are collected
       • Higher egg production due to less energy wasted by birds
       • Culled birds have tender meat    9x1 = 9 marks
22.  
    1.  
       • Control water pollution
       • Harvest at the correct maturity stage
       • Maintain appropriate water level in the fish pond always
       • Aerate the water by ensuring constant inflow and outflow of water
       • Supply adequate feeds regularly
       • Control stocking rate/cropping
       • Regular fertilization of the pond
       • Control predators
       • Prepare dykes/fences
       • Remove undesirable vegetation
       • Remove silt
       • Plant grass on the dykes   5x1 = 5 marks
    2.  
       1.  
          1. Accomplishes the work efficiently
          2. Can perform more heavy tasks than human labour /makes work easier
          3. Cheaper per unit work done in large operations
          4. Economy of labour demand/uses less labour
          5. Makes farm operations to be done timely
          6. Reduces fatigue
          7. Work is done faster
          8. Improves on labour efficiency   5x1 = 5 marks
       2.  
          • Loss of weight/emaciation
          • Pot bellies
          • Indigestion
          • Anaemic condition due to sucking of blood
          • Painful abdomen
          • Recumbence precedes death
          • Dullness and depression
          • Blocked internal organs
          • Loss of appetite
          • Blood stains in faeces
          • Rough/starring coat
          • Eggs/parasite segments in feaces    6x1  = (6 marks)
    3.  
       • When inspecting to ascertain any abnormality or signs of diseases
       • When administering any treatment to the animal
       • When milking the animal
       • When spraying or hand dressing the animal with chemicals to control parasites
       • When performing practices like deworming disbudding, castration, hoof trimming etc
       • Pregnancy diagnosis
       • Deworming
       • Disbudding
       • Castration
       • Hoof trimming
       • When feeding     4x1 = (4 marks)