Music Paper 3 Questions and Answers - KCSE 2021 Past Papers

SECTION A: BASIC SKILLS (30 marks)
Answer all questions in this section.

1. Melody
   
   1. Copy and continue the following opening to make a 16 bar melody for voice, introducing a duplet. Modulate to the dominant and return to the tonic. (9 marks)
      
   2. Compose a melody and set to it the text given below. Use the treble stave and a key of your choice.  (6 marks)
      Maji kweli ni uhai, uyanywapo unaishi
      Yatupasa kuhifadhi, hata kesho tukaishi
2. Harmony
   Harmonise the melody below for SATB. Choose appropriate chords from I, ii, IV, V and vi.   (15 marks)
   

SECTION B: HISTORY AND ANALYSIS (54 marks)

Answer all questions in this section except in question 4 where you should choose any two parts of the question numbered a, b, c, d.

3. African Music
   
   1. Complete the table below by categorising each of the traditional flutes as either oblique or transverse.  (3 marks)
      

      Flute Name	Туре
      (i) Mulele
      (ii) Ebune
      (iii) Muturiru
      (iv) Chivoti
      (v) Asili
      (vi) Ekeronge

   2. Outline five effects of formal education on performance of African traditional dances.  (5 marks)
   3. Identify three types of improvisation in African traditional vocal music performance. (3 marks)
   4. State three skills involved in playing a Kenyan traditional fiddle.  (3 marks)
4. Prescribed Western Composers
   Answer any two parts of the question numbered a, b, c, d.
   
   1. William Byrd
      1. Outline five major events that influenced Byrd's musical career. (5 marks)
      2. Name the types of works represented by the following titles:
         
         1. Sweet and Merry Month of May    (1 mark)
         2. Suscepimus Deus         (1 mark)
   2. Haydn Franz Joseph
      
      1. Give two reason why Haydn is referred to as "The Father of The Symphony".  (2 marks)
      2. Outline four circumstances that influenced Haydn's musical skill development during his childhood.  (4 marks)
      3. Name two operas by Haydn.    (1 mark)
   3. Franz Liszt
      1. Identify five sources that motivated Liszt's piano virtuosity. (5 marks)
      2. Outline two features that characterise Liszt's piano performance style. (2 marks)
   4. Bella Bartok
      1. State two trends of Bartok's music that changed the sound of music in the 20th century.   (2 marks)
      2. Outline five contributions that Bartok made to the field of ethnomusicology. (5 marks)
5. Analysis of Prescribed African Music
   Chivoti by Diwani Nzaro
   1. Outline the sequence of entry of instruments in the performanctip-join  (2 marks)
   2. Explain how each instrument contributes to the creation of polyrhythm in the opening section of the performance. (3 marks)
   3. State the character of the melody featured in the first section of the performance. (1 mark)
   4. Describe the ending of this performance.  (4 marks)
6. Analysis of Prescribed Western music
   Too Much I Once Lamented - Thomas Tomkins
   1. Outline the sequence of entry of the voice parts in the opening section of this music. (2 marks)
   2. With reference to bar numbers, outline the key scheme of the Fa-la section from bar 24 to 35. (4 marks)
   3.  
      1. Identify the two chords that form the cadence stated in bar 22 and 23. (2 marks)
      2. Name the cadence in 6(c)(i).   (1 mark)
   4. What is the texture of the music between bar 60-63?
7. Analysis of Unprepared Work
   Refer to the excerpt from 'Polonaise' and answer the questions that follow.
   
   1. Identify the bar with the following:
      1. a syncopation (1 mark)
      2. a sequence in the brass section  (1 mark)
   2. Name the instrument that plays tremolos in this excerpt. (1 mark)
   3. Describe the 1st chord of bar 2. (1 mark)
   4. Explain the pitch relationship between:
      1. Flute and Oboe I. (1 mark)
      2. Horn in F1 and Horn in F2 in bar 1 and 5.  (1 mark)

SECTION C: GENERAL MUSIC KNOWLEDGE (16 marks)

8.  
   1. Outline four functions of the music used in weddings. (4 marks)
   2. Outline five effects of the introduction of the radio to the music industry in the 20th century. (5 marks)
   3.  
      1. Name the standard dances of the Baroque Suite. (2 marks)
      2. Outline the tempo structure of each of the following Baroque Overtures:
         
         1. French Overture (1 mark)
         2. Italian Overture  (1 mark)
   4. Identify three qualities of song that make it suitable for use in story telling. (3 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Melody 
   1. • 16 bars                                      1 mark
      • Lyricism within voice range            1 mark
      • Modulation to dominant (well established)   2 marks
        - 1 mark for the new key
        - 1 mark for the return to the tonic
      • Cadences (1⁄2 mark @any 2 including the final perfect cadence)   1 mark
      • Phrasing-(2 bar phrasing- mark as whole)   1 mark
      • Duplet (Correctly written)  1 mark
      • Melodic curve and climax   1 mark
      • Rhythm (variety and conformity)     1 mark
                                                                                Total 09 marks
   2.  
      • Text setting to music (speech rhythm/accents/syllabic division-
      • 1⁄2 mark for each phrase) in Kiswahili     2 marks
      • Syllabic division (mark as a whole)     1⁄2 mark
      • Lyricism of melody (mark as a whole)      1 marks
      • Cadences (1⁄2 mark each for final and any other)  1 marks
      • Suitable time signature    1⁄2 mark
      • Melodic curve/climax/shape
      • Musicianship/creativity(choice of key, performance instructions, word painting)    1⁄2 mark 
                                                                                     Total 06 mark
2. Harmony
   Award marks as follows:
   • Chords - 1⁄2 mark for each correct chord x 13          61⁄2 marks
   • Voice leading (1⁄2 mark for each voice- ATB)    1½ marks
   • Correct cadences at the end of each phrase- 1⁄2 mark each 1 mark
   • Voice range (mark as whole)  1 mark
   • Progression (devoid of faults)  4 marks
   • Dominant 7th Chord  1 mark
   • Deduct1⁄2 marks each for any of the following faults (maximum deduction 4 marks)
   • Consecutive perfect 5ths 1⁄2 mark each
   • Parallel octaves 1⁄2 mark each
   • Crossing of parts 1⁄2 mark each
   • Spacing  1⁄2 mark each
   • Doubled 3rds in major chords  1⁄2 mark each
   • Double leading voice   1⁄2 mark each
   • Wrong use of 2^nd inversion chords or six-four chords 1⁄2 mark each
   • Wrong rhythms (mark as a whole)  1⁄2 mark
   • Stems (mark as a whole) 1⁄2 mark
   • Exposed 5ths or 8ves 1⁄2 mark each
   • From unison to 5ths or 8ves and vice versa  1⁄2 mark each
   • Overlapping 1⁄2 mark each
   • Others - missing clefs, key signature, wrong note values, missing double bar lines, 1⁄2 mark each
     If all the chords are wrong, then no harmony                      Total   15 marks

SECTION B: HISTORY AND ANALYSIS (54 MARKS)

3. African Music (14 marks)
   1. 
      

      Flute Name	Type
      i. Mulele	Oblique/Transverse	1⁄2 mark
      ii. Ebune	Oblique	1⁄2 mark
      iii. Muturiru	Oblique	1⁄2 mark
      iv. Chivoti	Transverse	1⁄2 mark
      v. Asili	Oblique	1⁄2 mark
      vi. Ekerongwe	Transverse	1⁄2 mark

      
      
   2. Effects of formal education on the performance of African traditional dances
      1. Reduction of the number of performers
      2. Change of performer/breaking boundaries and restrictions, (e.g Adult dances can be performed by children)
      3. Change of dance performance context from functional/Socia-cultural settings 
      4. Change of dance from free-flowing to structured, timed dance
      5. Led to intergration and hybridization of dance ideas
      6. Change in costuming and make-up
      7. Change in instrumentation
      8. Decline in performance
      9. Encouraging more performance              1 mark each x 5 relevant points    5 marks
   3. Types of improvisation in African Traditional vocal music performance
      1. Improvisation of melodies
      2. Improvisation of rhythms
      3. Improvisation of Text /spontaneous
      4. Embellishments/ ornamentation
      5. Tonal improvisation/pitch variation
      6. Tempo improvisation        1 mark each x 3 relevant points                     3 marks
   4. Skills in playing of a Kenyan traditional fiddle
      1. Fingering technique
      2. Bowing technique
      3. Tuning the instrument
      4. Holding/ positioning          1 mark each x 3 relevant points                      3 marks
4. Western Music (14 marks)
   1. William Byrd
      1.  
         • The death of Thomas Tallis
         • The monopoly given to him and Tallis by the queen to publish music
         • The hostile religious situation in his home country
         • His interaction with Tallis
         • Employment as a Royal Court Musician
         • His turn to Catholicism
         • Accession of King James                    1 mark each x 5 relevant points    5 marks
      2.  
         • Madrigal             
         • Motet                 1 mark each x 2               2 marks  
   2. Haydn Franz Joseph
      1.  
         • He wrote 104 outstanding Symphonies
         • He contributed immensely to the development of the sonata with forms the basic structure of the symphony 1 mark each x 2   
      2.  
         • Born in a musical family
         • Apprenticeship to the home of Mathias Frankh for music training 
         • Self study of music theory and composition
         • Appointed as a chorister at St. Stephen's Cathedral in Vienna
         • Singing with his family and neighbours   1 mark each x 4                      4 marks            
      3.  
         • Acide e Galatea - 1 act - Italian
         • La marchesa nespola - Italian
         • La canterina - 2 acts - Italian
         • Lo speziale - Opera buffa - 3 acts - Italian
         • Le pescatrici - Dramma giocoso - 3 acts - Italian
         • L'infedeltà delusa - Burletta - 2 acts - Italian
         • Philemon und Baucis - Singspiel - 1 act - German
         • L'incontro improvviso - Dramma giocoso - 3 acts - Italian
         • Il mondo della luna - Opera buffa - 3 acts - Italian
         • La vera costanza - Dramma giocoso - 3 acts - Italian
         • L'isola disabitata - Azione teatrale - 2 acts - Italian
         • La fedeltà premiata - 3 acts - Italian
         • Orlando paladino - Dramma eroicomico - 3 acts - Italian
         • Armida - Dramma eroicomico - 3 acts - Italian
         • L'anima del filosofo - 4 acts - Italian                     1⁄2 mark each x 2                        1 mark
   3. Franz Liszt
      1.  
         • His endeavour to become a virtuoso on piano as Paganini on violin
         • mastery of self-cultivated piano techniques
         • mastery of piano techniques cultivated by other virtuoso piano players
         • Involvement in the perfection of keyboard skills at the "flying Trapeze" school of piano playing
         • performing at many concerts
         • transcription of other composers' works                1 mark each x5                  5 marks
      2.  
         • He was natural and played with emotion
         • He played with brilliance and strength 
         • Had high ability to kee precise tempo
         • displayed high prowess in improvisation             1⁄2 mark each x 2                  2 marks
   4. Bella Bartok
      1.  
         • Breakdown of the diatonic harmony that had served composers for the previous 200 years 
         • Revival of nationalism as a source of musical inspiration/use of folk tunes       1 mark each x 2  2 marks
      2.  
         • He published 2000 traditional tunes
         • He collected traditional tunes and songs
         • Wrote books on folk music
         • Wrote articles on folk music
         • Arranged and created original works based on traditional tunes
         • Developed a style that fused folk elements with highly developed techniq of art music more intimately than ever before
         • First to examine folk music with attention to its historical and sociologica implications
         • Laid foundations for the study of comparative folklore in Hungary   1 mark each x 5             5 mark
5. Analysis of Prescribed African Music (10 marks)
   Chivoti by Diwani Nzaro
   1. The performance starts with the metal plate (Upatsu), followed by the rattles, then follows the flute (chivoti) and lastly the metallic idiophone (Shaker/Ndonga/ manyanga)    1⁄2 mark each instrument in the correct sequence               2 mark
   2.  
      • the metal plate (Upatsu), plays an ostinato pattern in duple meter
      • the rattles mark the main beat in this meter
      • the flute alternates between a long note and a syncopated rhythmic pattern
      • The flute plays a melody with different rhythmic patterns        
                                                                                                  1 mark each x 3                             3 marks                             
   3. Purely solo /repetitive/call response            1 mark
   4.  
      • The flute pays high pitched long note with some embellishment then stops playing
      • the metal plate (Upatsu) stops playing next
      • the high pitched metallic idiophone stops playing
      • the shaker concludes the performance by stopping to play last
                                 1 mark each for description in the correct sequence x 4                 4 marks
6. Analysis of Prescribed Western Music (10 marks)
   Too Much I Once Lamented -Thomas Tomkins
   1. Sequence:
      • Soprano 2
      • Alto and tenor
      • Soprano 1
      • Bass                 1⁄2 mark each for correct sequence                          2 marks  
   2. Bar
      • 24-25 - C major
      • 26-27 - D minor
      • 28-29 - E minor
      • 30-31 - C major
      • 32-35 - A minor           1 mark each for any 4 correctly identified keys     4 marks
   3.  
      1. I 6/4 (Ic) - V  1 mark for ach correct chord      2 marks
         E minor to B major chord
      2. Imperfect cadence   1 mark
   4. Homophonic texture    1 mark
7. Analysis of unprepared work
   1.  
      1. Bar 4 (flute/Oboe 1 /Oboe 2)   1 mark
      2. Bar 1 and 2 (Horn in F 1)    1 mark
   2. The snare drum         1 mark
   3. Chord V (Dominant chord)        1 mark
   4.  
      1. The two parts play at the same pitch (doubled) 1 mark
      2. The two parts are a 3^rd apart (parallel 3^rd) 1 mark

SECTION C: GENERAL MUSIC KNOWLEDGE (16 MARKS)

8.  
   1. Functions of music in weddings
      
      • Praising the newly weds
      • Entertaining the families and friends present
      • Educating the newly weds
      • Mocking those who have no courage to get married
      • Encouraging people towards marriage
      • Express unity of purpose
      • Welcome bride to the new home                   1 mark each x 4                        4 marks
   2. Effects of radio
      • Became a medium for disseminating popular music
      • Determined which songs earned money for the creators and producers
      • Created hit songs
      • Determined which musician would be considered a star by playing more of the music
      • Determined what music the public listened to more
      • Brought music closer to the people
                                                  1 mark each x 5                                5 marks
   3.  
      1.  
         • Allemande
         • Sarabande
         • Courante
         • Gigue                          1⁄2 mark each x 4                        2 marks
      2.  
         1. French overture: slow-fast- slow   1 mark
         2. Italian overture: fast-slow-fast   1 mark
   4. Qualities of a song for storytelling
      
      • Participatory -all can be involved
      • Verbal - Thye carry part of the story and further the plot
      • Simple - Easier to retain/memorize the story
      • Catchy tune/text - can sustain the interest of the listener
      • Straightforward - simplifies the story for ease of understanding
                                                    1⁄2 mark each x 3                   3 marks