SECTION A: (25 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section.
- State the scientific theory that explains the origin of human beings. (1mark)
- Identify two uses of stone tools by early man. (3marks)
- State two negative effects of the land enclosure system in Britain during 18th century. (2marks)
- Give two features of Roman roads by 1300 AD. (2marks)
- Why was silent trade practiced by Trans Saharan traders? (1mark)
- State two uses of electricity in Europe during the 19th century. (2marks)
- State two advantages of using fire and smoke signals to pass message in Traditional societies. (2marks)
- Give one negative impact of internet today. (1mark)
- Identify the famous cultural event that was first held in the city of Athens in 1896. (1mark)
- State two reasons why Nationalism developed in Ghana during colonial period. (2marks)
- Name the leader of the Lozi who collaborated with the British in the late 19th century. (1mark)
- Outline two similar methods used to recruit African labour in the British and French colonies in Africa. (2marks)
- State one function of the Court of Justice of the Common market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) (1mark)
- Give the main reason for the formation of the leaque of Nations. (1mark)
- Identify two factors which have undermined the exploration of mineral resources in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) since Independence. (2marks)
- State one condition that a country should fulfil in order to become a member of Non-Aligned movement. (1mark)
- Give one disadvantage of a federal system of Government. (1mark)
SECTION B: (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions from this section.
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- State five stages of evolution of man. (5marks)
- Describe five ways in which the development of the upright posture improved the early man’s way of life. (10marks)
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- Give three factors which should be considered when sending a message. (3marks)
- Explain six effects of Telecommunication on modern society. (12marks)
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- Give three methods used by European powers to establish colonial rule in Africa. (3marks)
- Explain six effects of the British direct rule in Zimbambwe. (12marks)
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- State five economic activities of the Asante during the 19th century. (5marks)
- Describe the political organization of the Shona during the pre-colonial period. (10marks)
SECTION C :(30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section.
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- What were the results of the bombing of Nagasaki and Hiroshima in Japan in 1945. (3marks)
- Describe six causes of the cold war. (12marks)
-
- State five common characteristics of the common wealth member state. (5marks)
- Explain five ways through which United Nations promotes peace in the world. (10marks)
-
- State three ways in which a person can become a member of parliament in Britain. (3marks)
- Explain six functions of the president in India. (12marks)
Marking Scheme
- State the scientific theory that explains the origin human beings. (1mk)
- The evolution/Darwin theory
- Identify two uses of stone tools by early man. (3mks)
- For protection/defence
- For skinning animals after hunting
- For digging roots
- For cutting meat
- For sharpening wood
- For killing animals
- For scraping animal skins
- State two negative effects of the land enclosure system in Britain during 18th century. (2mks)
- Displaced the poor people/landlessness
- Forced the poor people to migrate to urban centres
- It increased pauperism in Europe
- Created immigration to other parts of the world.
- Give two features of Roman roads by 1300 AD. (2mks)
- They were straight
- They were well drained
- They were durable
- They had bridges/tunnels
- Why was silent trade practiced by Trans Saharan traders? (1mk)
- Due to languages barrier/lack of common languages
- State two uses of electricity in Europe during the 19th century. (2mks)
- Driving machines in factories
- Providing light
- Heating/cooking
- Powering locomotives/trains
- Powering communication gadgets
- State two advantages of using fire and smoke signals to pass message in Traditional societies. (2mks)
- Fire and smoke signals convey messages faster
- It was cheaper method of passing information.
- Outsiders could not understand the meaning of the message.
- Give one negative impact of internet today. (1mk)
- Addiction
- Cyber crime
- Moral erosion/Pornography
- Identify the famous cultural event that was first held in the city of Athens in 1896. (1mk)
- Olympic games
- State two reasons why Nationalism developed in Ghana during colonial period. (2mks)
- Loss of independence
- Western education
- Exploitation of African resources e.g land and minerals
- Name the leader of the Lozi who collaborated with the British in the late 19th century. (1mk)
- Lewanika
- Outline two similar methods used to recruit African labour in the British and French colonies in Africa. (2mks)
- Imposition of taxes on Africans
- They used chiefs to recruit labour
- They introduced forced labour.
- State one function of the court of justice of the common market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA) (1mk)
- It interprets the provision of the treaty
- It ensures proper application of the treaty
- It arbitrates disputes among members
- Give the main reason for the formation of the leaque of Nations. (1mk)
- To promote/Sustain world peace/security/ To prevent the occurrence of another war.
- Identify two factors which have undermined the exploration of mineral resources in democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) since Independence. (2mks)
- Civil war in the country
- Shortage of labour due to displacement of people
- Smuggling of minerals
- Political interference by neighbouring states.
- Poor transport network.
- State one condition that a country should fulfil in order to become a member of Non-Aligried movement. (1mk)
- A country should be independent
- Give one disadvantages of a federal system of Government. (1mk)
- There is a great temptations for succession by parts of the country
- It lead to unequal development.
-
- State five stages of evolution of man. (5mks)
- Aegyptopithecus (Egyptian ape)
- Dryopithecus africanus/Proconoul/woodland ape
- Kenyapithecus (Kenyan ape)/Ramapithecus (Asian ape)
- Austropithecus (southern ape)/zinjanthropus/nutcraker
- Homo habilis (handy man)
- Homo erectus (upright man)
- Homo sapien (intelligent man)
- Homo sapien sapiens (modern man)
- Describe five ways in which the development of the upright posture improved the early man’s way of life. (10mks)
- The early man was able to move/walk/run/faster with long strides;
- Man could use the hands to carry out farming activities
- Man could use hands to grasp items conveniently
- Man could spot/sight the animals/wild fruits which he used to hunt/gather from far distances
- Man could see the impending danger from a distance and take appropriate measures
- Man used hands to make tools/weapons which were used for different purposes
- Man used the hands to defend himself/attack the enemies.
- Man used the hands to perform/carry out domestic chores/young ones.
- State five stages of evolution of man. (5mks)
-
- Give three factors which should be considered when sending a message. (3mks)
- The urgency of the message/speed
- The complexity of the message/simplicity/clarity
- The distance between the sender and receiver of the message
- The availability of communication facilities/methods/mean
- Explain six effects of Telecommunication on modern society. (12mks)
- The message are conveyed over long distances/shorten distances
- It has led to spread of ideas to different parts of the world/the world has become a global village/sharing of ideas
- Television, videos, computers and cinemas transmit entertainment through pictures.
- Telecommunication systems are medium of transmitting education programmes all over the world
- Weather forecasting navigation and space exploration have been made easy by use of satellites.
- Information can be relayed through radio, television or cell phone remote places easily.
- It has promoted trade through advertisement on radio, television and computers
- Security has improved through camera/close circuit TV
- Modern weapons have telecommunication services which are efficient
- Various job opportunities employment has been created
- Communication devise have made tax collection/revenue collection easier for the government e.g electronic tax registered
- Management/storage of information has been made easier through the use of computer/internet
- It has immorality through pornography
- It has encouraged idleness as viewers get addicted to programmers on T.V etc
- It has promoted business transaction e.g buying and selling in internet
- The government earns revenue through taxation on telecommunication services.
- Give three factors which should be considered when sending a message. (3mks)
-
- Give three methods used by European powers to establish colonial rule in Africa. (3mks)
- Military conquest/expeditions
- They signed treaties/agreements with African rulers/diplomacy/collaboration
- Deception/treachery/luring Africans with European goods
- Chartered trading companies
- Playing off communities against each other in order to weaken
- Explain six effects of the British direct rule in Zimbambwe. (12mks)
- Africans lost large tracts of land to the white settlers thereby straining relations between the two groups
- Introduction of forced labour as the white settlers required cheap labour in their farms
- Formation of African Nationalist movements to address their grievances against white dedominations.
- Loss of power by traditional powers as the British appointed their own administrators who ruled the people directly.
- Imposition of taxes on Africans inorder to force them to provide lobour to the whites so as to raise money
- Africans were exposed to deplorable working conditions which exposed them to risks
- Introduction of pass laws which restricted the movement of Africans.
- Africans were confined into reserves thereby creating room for European settlements.
- Exploitation of mineral resources/agricultural resources for the benefits of the colonial government at the expense of African development.
- Loss of independence by Africans as they were subjected to the British colonial rule
- Racial segregation
- Western education/Christianity
- Development of transport & communication network
- Undermined African culture
- Give three methods used by European powers to establish colonial rule in Africa. (3mks)
-
- State five economic activities of the Asante during the 19th century. (5mks)
- They grew crops for food/trade
- They carried out trade among themselves/other groups
- They were involved in mining
- They practiced Art and crafts/basketry/weaving
- They practised iron working/blacksmithing
- They did hunting/gathering
- They practiced pottery making.
- Describe the political organization of the Shona during the pre-colonial period. (10mks)
- The shona were ruled by an emperor/King who had absolute authority over the subjects.
- The emperor’s position was hereditary so as to reduce succession dispute
- The emperor was assited in the administration by the queen mother, the queen sister, army commander, head drummer, head door keeper or head cook
- There was an advisory council whose work was to advise the emperor
- The empire was divided into provinces which were headed by provincial/lesser kings
- The provinces were divided into chiefdoms ruled by chief
- Under the chief were headmen who were in charge of the villages
- The Empire had a standing army whose main duty was to defend/expand the empire
- The king/Emperor was symbol of unity as he was semi-divine
- There existed priests who acted as spies for the emperor/king
- State five economic activities of the Asante during the 19th century. (5mks)
-
- What were the results of the bombing of Nagasaki and Heroshima in Japan in 1945. (3mks)
- Many people lost their lives
- Property of great value was destroyed
- The radioactive elements caused many diseases
- Many people were maimed
- There was economic decline
- Many people suffered psychologically
- Japan surrendered unconditionally
- Describe six causes of the cold war. (12mks)
- The disagreements between the Soviet Union and the United States of America over reduction of arms led to arms race.
- The occupation of Eastern Europe by Soviet Union caused fear among U.S.A and its allies in Western Europe/Iron curtain policy by the USSR.
- The ideological differences pursued by the U.S.A and U.S.S.R created mistrust/suspicion among them leading to hostility.
- The domination of United Nations by United States of America and her allies was checked by U.S.S.R through the use of her veto power thus increasing the tension
- The involvement of both United States of America and U.S.S.R in European conflicts in the late 1940s created tension among them.
- America’s Marshal plan to revive European economies after the war made U.S.S.R to counteract by arming a similar one/COMECON thus enhancing tension.
- Formation of military alliances/N.A.T.O by United States of America and her allies led to U.S.S.R and her allies to form a similar alliance/Warsaw pact thus intensifying the rivalry.
- Construction of the Berlin wall by U.S.S.R in Germany to block Western after the Second World War
- What were the results of the bombing of Nagasaki and Heroshima in Japan in 1945. (3mks)
-
- State five common characteristics of the common wealth member state. (5mks)
- They use English as the official language
- They English Monarch/King/Queen is recognized as the head
- They cooperate in sports/games
- They make consultations/exchange information e.g in finance, trade, science and technical assistance
- They have close economic ties
- Most of the states have similar legal/administration systems/parliamentary system
- They have a common military tradition based on the British one
- Explain five ways through which United Nations promotes peace in the world. (10mks)
- It sends peace-keping missions to conflict areas in order to enforce ceasefire/prevent further confrontation.
- It uses envoys to mediate disputes between warring groups so as to find amicable solutions to problems
- It hears cases through the international court of justice between states/individuals with a view of administering justice.
- It imposes sanctions against states that defy its resolution in order to force them to comply.
- It uses peace messengers to sensitify people on its importance of peace/encourage peaceful co-existence.
- It encourages disarmament by signing arms control treaties/agreements with a view of reducing tension/suspicion between states.
- It promotes human rights/freedoms by enforcing international laws which protect people against abuse.
- It promotes humanitarian assistance to the needy by giving them protection/basic needs
- It promotes democracy and good governance in countries by providing electoral assistance/sending observers to monitor elections in order to ensure fairness/credibility
- It condemns all forms of terrorism/putting in place method of combating it through international agreements.
- State five common characteristics of the common wealth member state. (5mks)
-
- State three ways in which a person can become a member of parliament in Britain. (3mks)
- Election of the member to the house of commons
- Nomination of the person by the Monarch
- Through inheritance of the House of Lords
- By virtue of the office
- By appointments due to outstanding performance
- Explain six functions of the president in India. (12mks)
- He/she dissolves/calls elections of the lower house of parliament/Lok Sabha/House of the people
- The president assents/veto bills that have been passed by parliament
- The president is the commander in-chief of the armed forces.
- The president appoints state governors/attorney general/supreme court judges,
- The president declares a state of emergency when national security is threatened
- The president appoints the prime minister on advice of parliament/He calls the leader of the winning party to form government.
- He/she is a symbol of national unity
- He establish special councils to arbitrate on inter state disputes.
- He nominates 12 members to the council of state/Upper House/Rajja Sabha.
- He is the leader of political party that nominates him for elections.
- He pardons offenders.
- He makes regulation for certain union territories.
- State three ways in which a person can become a member of parliament in Britain. (3mks)
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