Instructions to candidates
- Answer all the question
- Give the structure of the cell that perform the following function-: (2Mks)
- Regulate exchange of substances in and out of the nucleus
- Synthesis of ribosomes
- State the functions of the followings apparatus in collecting and observing specimens (3Mks)
- Pooter
- Abait trap
- Pit fall trap
- Define the term resolution (1Mk)
- Explain the absence of the following components in urine of a healthy person (2Mks)
- Glucose
- Plasma proteins
- Differentiate between primary and secondary growth (2Mks)
- Give a reason why lack of roughage in diet often leads to constipation. (1Mks)
- State the role of the following bacteria in the nitrogen cycle (3Mks)
- Rhizobium bacteria
- Nitrosomonas
- Nitrobacter
- What is the function of carnassial teeth. (2Mks)
- List the changes that takes place during inhalation in the breathing cycle of a mammal in the following (2Mks)
- Ribcage
- Diaphragm
-
- What is metamorphosis? (1Mk)
- What is the biological importance of the larval stage during metamorphosis (2Mks)
-
- What is seed dormancy ? (1Mk)
- Name a growth inhibitor in seeds (1Mk)
- Differentiate between hypogeal and epigeal germination in seeds (2Mk)
- Name the causative agent of the following diseases in man (2Mks)
- Candidiasis
- Syphilis
- Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
- Identify the type of circulatory system shown above (1Mk)
- Give a reason for your answer in (a) (i) (1Mk)
- Give a disadvantages of this type of circulation (1Mk)
- Give a reason for each of the following biological phenomenan (2Mks)
- A mature plant cell does not lose its shape after losing water
- Amoeba will not burst when placed in a hypotonic solution
- Mention two differences between pollen grains of wind and insect pollinated flower (2Mks)
- State the functions of the following structures in human reproductive system (3Mks)
- Seminiferous tubules____________________________________________________
- Interstitial cells________________________________________________________
- Epidydimis____________________________________________________________
- The following are text messages on a cell phone that represent gene mutation
Intended message Actual message- Buy me a coat Buy me a goat
- John is paying John is praying
- Identify the type of gene mutation that is represented in each case (2Mks)
- Identify any two disorder arising due to gene mutation in humans (2Mks)
- State one effect of magnesium deficiency in green plants. (1Mks)
- Explain why water logging of the soil may lead to death in plants. (2Mks)
- A dog weighing 15.2kg requires 216kj while a mouse weighing 50g requires 2736kj per day. Explain. (2Mks)
- The equation below shows an oxidation reaction of food substance.
5C51 H98O6 + 145CO2 102CO2 + 98H20 + Energy- Determine respiratory quotient of the oxidation of food substance. (2Mks)
- Give two reasons why the above food is not the main substrate. (2Mks)
- An individual is blood group B positive (2Mks)
- Name the antigens in the individual’s blood
- Give the reason why the individual cannot receive blood from blood group A donor (2Mks)
- Below data was obtained in an ecosystem
Mango tree - 1
Caterpillars – 100
Sparrow- 50
Hawk- 5- Sketch a pyramid of numbers for their feeding relationship (2Mks)
- Identify the shape of the pyramid of number (1Mk)
-
- What is organic evolution? (1Mks)
-
- What are vestigial structures? (1Mk)
- Give two examples of vestigial structures in human (2Mks)
- Name the kidney disease which affects the glomerulus (1Mk)
- Name the kingdom to which plasmodium belongs. (1Mks)
-
- What is non- disjunction (1Mk)
- State two disorders in human that are as a results of non-disjunction (2Mks)
- Name two external features found in the class Mammalia only. (2Mks)
- State two roles of diffusion in human being. (2Mks)
- How do the following factors affect the rate of diffusion. (2Mks)
- Diffusion gradient
- Surface area to volume ratio
- Name two fat soluble vitamin manufactured by the human body. (2Mks)
- Name two sites of gaseous exchange in frogs. (2Mks)
- State two characteristic features of members of division Bryophyta. (2Mks)
- How are lenticels adapted for gaseous exchange. (2Mks)
MARKING SCHEME
- Give the structure of the cell that perform the following function-: (2Mks)
- Regulate exchange of substances in and out of the nucleus
- Reject Nuclear membrane, cell membrane.
- Synthesis of ribosomes :-
- Nucleolus
- Regulate exchange of substances in and out of the nucleus
- State the functions of the followings apparatus in collecting and observing specimens (3Mks)
- Pooter :- Used for sucking small animals from rock surfaces or bark of trees
- Abait trap :- For attracting and trapping small animals e.g rats
- Pit fall trap : - For catching crawling animals e.g. millipedes
- Define the term resolution (1Mk)
- Ability of a microscope to distinguish between two close points as distinct entities
- Explain the absence of the following components in urine of a healthy person (2Mks)
- Glucose
- All glucose are actively reabsorbed in the blood stream
- Plasma proteins
- Have large molecules size hence not filtered through small pores of the capillary walls of glomerulus
- Glucose
- Differentiate between primary and secondary growth (2Mks)
- Primary growth occurs at the tip of the roots and shoots due to the activity of apical meristems resulting in increase in height. While secondary growth increase width/ girth due to activity of cambium meristem.
- Give a reason why lack of roughage in diet often leads to constipation. (1Mks)
- Lack of roughage results in slow movement of food
- State the role of the following bacteria in the nitrogen cycle (3Mks)
- Rhizobium bacteria: Convert nitrogen gas into nitrates
- Nitrosomonas :Convert ammonia to nitrites
- Nitrobacter :Convert nitrites to nitrates
- What is the function of carnassials teeth. (2Mks)
- Slice flesh
- Crush bones
- List the changes that takes place during inhalation in the breathing cycle of mammal in the following (2Mks)
- Ribcage :-
- Moves upwards and outwards
- Diaphragm : -
- Flattens
- Ribcage :-
-
- What is metamorphosis (1Mk)
- Changes in the body form during the life cycle of animal
- What is the biological importance of the larval stage during metamorphosis (2Mks)
- There is vigorous feeding; hence the insect obtain enough nutrients; rapid cell division for growth
- What is metamorphosis (1Mk)
-
- What is seed dormancy (1Mk)
- A period in which a seed cannot germinate even if provided with all the conditions necessary for germination when conditions are suitable
- Name a growth inhibitor in seed (1Mk)
- Abscisic acid (reject wrong spelling)
- Differentiate between hypogeal and epigeal germination in seeds (2Mk)
- Epigeal the cotyledon is brought above ground level (due to elongation of hypocotyl,)
- Hypogeal cotyledon remain below ground level (due to elongation of epicotyls)
- What is seed dormancy (1Mk)
- Name the causative agent of the following diseases in man (2Mks)
- Candidiasis :-
- Candida albicans
- Syphilis:-
- Treponema pallidum
- Candidiasis :-
- Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow
- Identify the type of circulatory system shown above (1Mk)
- Single circulatory systems
- Give a reason for your answer in (a) (i) (1Mk)
- Blood flows through the heart once in a complete circulation
- Give a disadvantages of this type of circulation (2Mk)
- Blood flows under low pressure ; making circulation slow hence the animals are less active;
- Identify the type of circulatory system shown above (1Mk)
- Give a reason for each of the following biological phenomena (2Mks)
- A mature plant cell does not lose its shape after losing water
- Has a cell wall which gives a plant a regular shape
- Amoeba will not burst when placed in a hypotonic solution
- Has a contractile vacuole for excretion of excess water.
- A mature plant cell does not lose its shape after losing water
- Mention two differences between pollen grains of wind and insect pollinated flower (2Mks)
Wind Insect Small Large Light Heavy Smooth Rough/sticky Numerous Few - State the functions of the following structures in human reproductive system (3Mks)
- Seminiferous tubules :- Produce sperms
- Interstitial cells:- Produces androgen / test to sterone
- Epidydimis: - Store sperms
- The following are text messages on a cell phone that represent gene mutation
Intended message Actual message
A- Buy me a coat Buy me a goat
B- John is paying John is praying- Identify the type of gene mutation that is represented in each case (2Mks)
- A – Substitution
- B – Insertion
- Identify any two disorder arising due to gene mutation in humans (2Mks)
- Albinism
- Sickle cell anaemia
- Haemophilia
- Colour blindness
- Identify the type of gene mutation that is represented in each case (2Mks)
- State one effect of magnesium deficiency in green plants. (1Mks)
- Chlorosis/yellowing of leaves
- Explain why water logging of the soil may lead to death in plants. (2Mks)
- When soil is water logged oxygen cannot diffuse into the root tissues hence no respiration
- A dog weighing 15.2kg requires 216kj while a mouse weighing 50g requires 2736kj per day.
Explain. (2Mks)- A mouse has high surface area to volume ratio and tends to lose heat faster. It requires more energy to replace.
- The equation below shows an oxidation reaction of food substance.
5C51 H98O6 + 145CO2 102CO2 + 98H20 + Energy- Determine respiratory quotient of the oxidation of food substance. (2Mks)
RQ = CO₂ produced = 102
O₂ used up 145
RQ=0.7 - Give two reasons why the above food substance is not the substrate. (2Mks)
- Not very soluble in water
- Require more oxygen to oxidise
- Determine respiratory quotient of the oxidation of food substance. (2Mks)
- An individual is blood group B positive
- Name the antigens in the individual’s blood (2Mks)
- ‘B’ and rhesus factors or antigen ‘D’
- Give the reason why the individual cannot receive blood from blood group A donor (2Mks)
- Recipient plasma has antibody ‘a’ which corresponds to antigen A which causes antigen antibody reaction causing agglutinations of red blood cells
- Name the antigens in the individual’s blood (2Mks)
- Below data was obtained in an ecosystem
Mango tree - 1
Caterpillars - 100
Sparrow - 50
Hawk – 5- Sketch a pyramid of numbers for this feeding relationship (2Mks)
- Identify the shape of the pyramid of number (1Mk)
- Inverted pyramid of numbers
- Sketch a pyramid of numbers for this feeding relationship (2Mks)
-
- What is organic evolution (2Mks)
- Is the gradual emergence of complex life forms of organisms from pre-existing, simple life forms over a long period of time
-
- What are vestigial structure (1Mk)
- Are structures that have ceased to be functional in some organisms and have over time reduce in size
- Give two examples of vestigial structures in human (2Mks)
- Appendix
- Coccyx
- Nictitating membrane
- What are vestigial structure (1Mk)
- What is organic evolution (2Mks)
- Name the kidney disease which affects the glomerulus (1Mk)
- Nephritis
- Name the kingdom to which plasmodium belongs. (1Mks)
- Protoctista
-
- What is non- disjunction (1Mk)
- Failure of homologous chromosomes to separate during cell division 1 resulting in gametes with extra chromosome and other with less
- State two disorders in human that are as a results of non-disjunction (2Mks)
- Down’s syndrome
- Turner’s syndrome
- Klinefelter’s syndrome
- What is non- disjunction (1Mk)
- Name two external features found in the class Mammalia only. (2Mks)
- Have mammary glands
- Body covered with fur/hair
- Have pinna
- State two roles of diffusion in human being. (2Mkss)
- Absorption of digested food materials into the blood stream
- Gaseous exchange.
- Excretion of nitrogenous waste
- How do the following factors affect the rate of diffusion. (2Mks)
- Diffusion gradient
- The greater the diffusion gradient, the greater the rate of diffusion.
- Surface area to volume ratio
- The greater the surface area the higher the rate of diffusion.
- Diffusion gradient
- Name two fat soluble vitamin manufactured by the human body. (2Mks)
- Vitamin D,K,A
- Name two sites of gaseous exchange in frogs. (2Mks)
- Skin
- Mouth
- State two characteristic features of members of division Bryophyta. (2Mks)
- Absence of vascular bundles
- Body parts not differentiated into roots, stem and leave
- How are lenticels adapted for gaseous exchange. (2Mks)
- Cells are loosely arranged to facilitate air circulastion.
- Cells have moist surfaces; to dissolve respiratory gases.
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