Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Lanjet Joint Mock Exams 2023

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• This paper consists of three sections: A, B and C.
• Answer all the questions in section A and B and any two questions from section C
• All answers must be written in the spaces provided in this paper

                                                                                       SECTION A (30 MARKS)

                                                       Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided

1. Name four beef breeds of cattle. (2 marks)
2. State four observations on the behavior of chicks which would indicate that the temperature in the brooder is too high. (2 marks)
3. Give four practices carried out on fish before preservation. (2 marks)
4. Outline four reasons for steaming up a gestating cow. (2 marks)
5. List four factors considered when selecting eggs for marketing. (2 marks)
6. Give four disorders associated with calcium deficiency in livestock (2marks)
7. State four advantages of carrying out raddling in sheep management. (2 marks)
8. Give a reason why ruminant animals are able to digest grass. (1 mark)
9. Give the difference in meaning of the following terms as used in livestock.
   1. Quarantine and Isolation (1 mark)
   2. Zoonotic and notifiable diseases (1 mark)
10. List four effects of ticks on livestock bodies. (2marks)
11. State four factors that influence selection of construction materials. (2 marks)
12. Name three farm implements operated by the tractor’s P.T.O shaft. (11/2marks)
13. State four reasons for debeaking in poultry production. (2 marks)
14. Name three breeding diseases controlled through the use of artificial insemination. (11/2marks)
15. Give four characteristics of a good vaccine. (2 marks)
16. State four advantages of Kenya top bar hive in bee keeping. (2 marks)
    
                                                                                    SECTION B (20 MARKS)
17.  The diagram below shows the udder of a cow. Use it to answer the questions that follow.
                                                                
    
    1.  Name parts L and M. (2 marks)
       L -
       M-
    2. State the hormone responsible for milk let down. (1 mark)
    3. Define dry cow therapy. (1 mark)
    4. Why milking should be done quickly and evenly. (1 mark)
18. The diagrams below show some farm tools. Study them and answer the questions that follow.
    1. Name the tools. (2 marks)
       A-
       B-
       C-
       W-
    2. State the functional differences between tools K and W. (1mark)
    3. What advantage does C have over A and B? (1 mark)
    4. State one common maintenance practice carried out tool C and W. (1mark)
19. The diagram below shows two methods of handling livestock in the farm. Study them and answer the questions that follow.
                                                    
    1.  Identify the methods of handling livestock labelled L and M. (1 mark)
       L
       M
    2. Give two occasions when it may be necessary to carry out the practice labelled L above. (2 marks)
    3. Give two animal conditions under which method L above cannot be used. (2 marks)
20. The diagram below represents conditions of the tyre.
                                                                
    1. Which diagram represents the correct pressure in a tractor tyre? (1 mark)
    2. Identify the mistakes with the other two tyres. (2 marks)
    3. Give the correct measures taken for each tyre mentioned in (b) above. (2 marks)
       
                                                                                  SECTION C (40 MARKS)
                                                                    Answer any two questions in this section
21.  
    1. Explain five factors that affect milk composition in dairy farming. (5 marks)
    2. State five signs of parturition in cattle (5marks)
    3. State five maintenance practices of a fish pond (5marks)
    4. Explain five factors considered when selecting livestock for breeding (5marks)
22.  
    1. Describe the management of a sow during parturition. (10 marks)
    2. Describe the lifecycle of a three host tick. (7 marks)
    3. Outline three effects of endo-parasites to the host animals (3marks)
23.  
    1. Describe a blue tick (Boophilus decolaratus) under the following sub-headings.
       1. Diseases transmitted. (2marks)
       2. Preferred site of attachment. (3marks)
       3. Non-chemical control measures. (5marks)
    2. Discuss mastitis disease under the following sub-headings:
       1. Predisposing factors. (5marks)
       2. Control and treatment. (5marks

                                                                             MARKING SCHEME

                                                                                        SECTION A (30 MARKS)

                                                          Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided

1. Name four beef breeds of cattle. (2 marks)
   • Galloway
   • Hereford
   • Beef short horns
   • Charolaise
   • Aberdeen angus
2. Four observations on the behavior of chicks which would indicate that the temperature in the brooder is too high. (2 marks)
   • Drinking too much water
   • Beaks open
   • Moves away from the heat source
   • Spreading wings
   • Lying flat on the ground
   • Making noise
3. Give four practices carried out on fish before preservation. (2 marks)
   • Cleaning the fish to remove mud and worms
   • Cleaning the abdominal cavity
   • Keep fish in open containers
   • Remove scales and slime
   • Opening the fish on the side to remove gut and the intestines
4. Outline four reasons for steaming up a gestating cow. (2 marks)
   • Hastens foetus growth and development
   • Assists in the formation of colostrum
   • Provide nutrients for the cow and the developing foetus
   • Provides energy required during parturition
5. List four factors considered when selecting eggs for marketing. (2 marks)
   • Shape of the eggs
   • Colour of the shell
   • Size of the eggs
   • Cleanliness of the eggs
   • Free from abnormalities
6. Disorders associated with calcium deficiency in animals
   • Milk fever
   • Soft shelled eggs
   • Egg without shells (shell-less eggs)
   • Osteomalacia/osteoporosis
   • Rickets                     Any 4 x ½ (2mks)
7. State four advantages of carrying out raddling in sheep management. (2 marks)
   • To identify the sire of the lamb
   • To identify barren ewes
   • To identify infertile rams
   • To identify the most fertile ewes
8. Give a reason why ruminant animals are able to digest grass. ( 1 mark)
   • They have micro-organisms/bacteria in the rumen which help to breakdown cellulose.
9. Give the difference in meaning of the following terms as used in livestock health.
   1. Quarantine and Isolation (1mark)
      Quarantine.
      • Laws by the government banning movement of livestock and their products into and out of an area during the period of an outbreak of a notifiable or highly contagious and infectious disease.
        Isolation.
      • Separating and confining a sick animal from the rest of the herd to prevent spread of a highly contagious disease
        (Mark as a whole)
   2. Zoonotic and notifiable diseases (1 mark)
      • Zoonotic - A disease that can be transmitted from livestock to humans and vice versa
      • Notifiable - highly contagious and infectious disease whose outbreak should be reported to the authority.
        (Mark as a whole)
10. List four effects of ticks on livestock bodies. (2marks)
    • They suck large volumes of blood causing anaemia
    • They lower the quality of hides and skins
    • They cause irritation
    • They transmit livestock diseases
11. State four factors that influence selection of construction materials. (2 marks)
    • Farmers taste and preference
    • The cost of the materials
    • Workability of the materials
    • Durability of the materials
    • Availability of the materials
12. Name three farm implements operated by the tractor’s P.T.O shaft. (11/2marks)
    • Mowers
    • Shellers
    • Rotavators
    • Forage harvesters
13. State four reasons for debeaking in poultry production. (2 marks)
    • To control cannibalism in birds
    • To minimize egg eating
    • To control toe pecking
    • To control feather plucking
14. Name three breeding diseases controlled through use of artificial insemination. (11/2marks)
    • Brucellosis
    • Trichomoniasis
    • Vibrio is
    • Vaginitis
    • orchitis
15. Give four characteristics of a good vaccine. (2 marks)
    • Immunity it produces must be as good as natural immunity
    • Should have a long keeping life
    • Should be easy to administer to the animal
    • Should have no side effects when administered into the animal’s body
    • Should be compatible with other vaccines
16. State four advantages of Kenya top bar hive in bee keeping. (2 marks)
    • Easy to inspect the hive without disturbing the brood combs
    • High quality honey is produced
    • Cheap to construct as it uses locally available materials
    • Harvesting of honey is easy
                                                                                  SECTION B (20 MARKS)
17.  
    1. Name parts L and M
       • L - Gland cistern
       • M - Teat cistern      (1 x 1= 1 marks)
    2. State the hormone responsible for milk let down. (1mk)
       • Oxytocin   (1 x 1= 1 marks)
    3. Define dry cow therapy. (1mk)
       • Application of antibiotics in the teats of a cow during the drying off period to avoid mastitis infection   (1 x 1= 1 marks)
    4. Why should milking be done very quickly and evenly. (1mark)
       • The effect of oxytocin lasts for a very short time (5 to 7 minutes).the animal may hide milk. (1 x 1= 1 marks
18.  
    1. Name the tools. (2 marks)
       • A - Open-end spanner
       • B - Rig spanner
       • C - Adjustable spanner
       • W - Burdizzo
    2. State the functional differences between tools K and W. (1mark)
       • K - Expands rubber ring to facilitate to facilitate closed castration, docking and dehorning
       • W - used for closed castration in bull calves, rams and Billy goats
    3. Advantage of tool C, over tool A and B
       • Tool C, can be used to open and tighten nuts and bolts of deferent sizes while A and B can only be used to open or tighten nuts and bolts of specific sizes.
    4. Common maintenance of tool C and W
       • Lubricating/oiling moving parts
19. The diagram below shows two methods of handling livestock in the farm. Study them and answer the questions that follow.
    1. Identify the methods of handling labelled L and M. (1 mark)
       • L - casting
       • M - use of a halter
    2. Give two occasions when it may be necessary to carry out the practice labelled L above. (2 marks)
       • During examination
       • During castration
       • During dehorning
       • When branding
    3. Give two animal conditions under which the method L above cannot be used. (2 marks)
       • When the animal is in calf
       • When the animal is fully fed
20.  
    1. E (1mark)
    2. F - High pressure / excess pressure (1mark) G - Low pressure / less pressure. (1mark)
    3.  
       • F - Deflate to correct. (1mark)
       • G - Inflate to correct. (1mark)
                                                                                         SECTION C
21.  
    1. Factors affecting milk composition (5mks)
       • Age of the animal
       • Physiological Condition of the animal
       • Stage of lactation and pregnancy
       • Completeness of milking
       • Breed differences
       • Season of the year
       • Type of feed eaten by the animal
       • Other factors such as mastitis disease
    2. Signs of parturition in cattle
       • Restlessness
       • Enlarged /swollen vulva
       • Clear mucus discharge from vulva
       • Full and distended udder
       • Slackening of the pelvic muscles/relaxing of the hips muscles
       • Thick milky fluid (colostrum) from teats
       • Appearing and bursting of the water bag/sac
       • Loss of appetite
       • Isolating from others (5x1=5marks)
    3. Maintenance practices of a fish pond
       • Clearing the bush/vegetation around the pond
       • Cleaning the pond
       • Desilting/removing the silt
       • Planting grass on the dyke
       • Repairing worn out parts/dykes
       • Maintain the water level.
       • Fertilize the pond
       • Fencing           (5x1=5marks)
    4. Factors considered when selecting livestock for breeding
       • Age – select young animals
       • Level of performance – select animals with the highest production level/high Performers or yielders.
       • Physical fitness – animals selected should be free from physical deformities/defects e.g. limping, mono-eyed
       • Health – Select healthy animals/animal selected should be health
       • Body conformation – Animals selected should have proper body conformation e.g. dairy cow to be wedge shaped with a large udder.
       • Temperament/behavior – select animals with good temperament/behavior
       • Quality of products – select animals that give good quality products
       • Mothering ability – animals selected should have good mothering ability
       • Adaptability – animals selected should be well adapted to local conditions.
       • Prolificacy – selected animals that are highly prolific
       • Fertility – selected animals that are fertile                  (5x1=5marks)
22.  
    1. Describe the management of a sow during parturition.
       • Deworm 7-10 days before parturition/spray the sow against external parasites/wash its body with soap and water.
       • Take the sow to the farrowing pen at least 5-7 days before the expected date of parturition.
       • Clean and disinfect the farrowing pen
       • Provide creep area.
       • Feed the sow entirely on bran.
       • Provide clean bedding materials in the farrowing pen.
       • Do not interfere but watch from a distance during farrowing.
       • Assist where necessary.
       • Ensure piglets are breathing.
       • Perform artificial respiration.
       • Ensure piglets are safe from being cannibalized by the sow.
       • Tie, cut and disinfect the navel cord of the piglet.
       • Weigh each piglet and record the birth weight.
       • Remove and dispose off the after birth/any piglet born dead (still births).
       • Put piglets in a warm place.
       • Ensure piglets suckle colostrum.
       • Get rid of excess piglets.
       • Provide plenty of clean water after parturition.
       • Feed the sow generously. (Any 10 x 1 = 10marks)
    2. Describe the lifecycle of a three host tick. (7 marks)
       • Adult tick lay eggs on the ground.
       • Eggs hatch into larvae on the ground.
       • Larvae mount onto the first host.
       • Larvae on host one feed to full engorgement and drop down.
       • Nymphs mount second host suck blood until engorges.
       • Nymphs drop down.
       • Nymphs moults into adults.
       • Adults mount third host, suck blood to full engorgement.
       • Adults drop down to repeat cycle. (7 x1 = 7 marks)
    3. Outline three effects of endo-parasites to the host animals (3marks)
       • They suck blood leading to anaemia
       • They deprives the host of its food
       • They damage internal organs like liver
       • Cause obstruction of bile duct and alimentary canal
23.  
    1.  
       1. • Red water/babeiosis.
          • Anaplasmosis/gull sickness. (2x1=2marks)
       2.  
          • face
          • neck
          • base of horns
          • tail brush
          • dewlap
          • ears
          • eyes (any 3x1=3marks)
       3.  
          • Double fencing
          • Hand picking and killing.
          • Controlled grazing/rotational grazing.
          • Burning infested pastures.
          • Ploughing of infested pastures
          • Predator birds. (Any 5x1=5marks)
    2.  
       1.  
          • Age
          • Stage of lactation period.
          • Udder attachment.
          • Incomplete milking.
          • Mechanical injury.
          • Poor sanitation.
          • Poor milking technique. (Any 5x1=5mks)
       2.  
          • Empty affected quarter of udder and instill antibiotics.
          • After milking, use teat dip on every quarter.
          • Use right milking technique
          • Observe strict cleanliness.
          • Use dry cow therapy
          • Use strip cup to detect infection.
          • Use separate udder cloths for each animal. (Any 5x1=5mks)