History Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Lainaku II Joint Mock Examination 2023

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
• Answer all the questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C.
• Candidates should answer the questions in English.

SECTION A (25 marks)

Answer ALL questions in this section

1. Identify the main source of information on Kenyan communities. 1mark
2. State the dispersal point of the river-lake Nilotes in Uganda before arriving to Kenya. 1mark
3. Identify the basic political unit of the Maasai during the pre-colonial period. 1mark
4. Name the missionary who translated the New Testament to Kiswahili. 1mark
5. Define the term democracy. 1mark
6. Give two ways in which people are eligible for registration as Kenyan citizens. 2marks
7. State two ways in which the constitution of Kenya promotes National Unity. 2marks
8. Give the main type of constitution used in Kenya. 1mark
9. State one economic benefits of the Kenya-Uganda railway during the colonial period.1mark
10. Give two ways through which the colonial government controlled African migration to urban centres. 2marks
11. Outline two roles of polling clerks in Kenya. 2marks
12. Identify two terms of Anglo-German Treaty of 1886. 2marks
13. Give two reasons why Nabongo Mumia collaborated with the British. 2marks
14. Identify two types of land ownership in Kenya. 2marks
15. Give the main role of the court of appeal in Kenya. 1mark
16. Name two settlement schemes established after independence to settle the landless.2marks
17. Identify one example of direct tax in Kenya. 1mark

SECTION B (45 marks)

Answer ANY THREE questions from this section.

18.  
    1. Give five reasons for migration of Abagusii into Kenya during the pre-colonial period. 5marks
    2. Describe the political organization of the Akamba during the pre-colonial period. 10marks
19.  
    1. Give three reasons why the early visitors came to the Kenyan coast before 1500AD. 3marks
    2. Explain six factors that contributed to the development of trade between the Kenyan coast and the outside world by 1500. 12marks
20.  
    1. Outline five methods used by the colonial government to obtain African labour 5 marks
    2. Explain five reasons why farmers in colonial Kenya were not allowed to grow coffee.10 marks
21.  
    1. Name five education commissions that were formed in post-independence Kenya. 5marks
    2. Explain five ways in which the Harambee philosophy has promoted the development of education in Kenya since independence. 10marks

SECTION C (30 marks)
Answer ANY TWO questions from this section.

22.  
    1. State three survival rights of a child in Kenya. 3marks
    2. Explain six socio-economic responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen. 12marks
23.  
    1. State five factors that may interfere with free and fair elections in Kenya. 5marks
    2. Explain five functions of the speaker of the National Assembly. 10marks
24.  
    1. Outline the composition of the County Assembly in Kenya. 3marks
    2. Explain six challenges facing County Government in Kenya. 12marks

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (25 marks)
Answer ALL questions in this section

1. Identify the main source of information on Kenyan communities.
   • Oral Traditions   (1x1=1mark)
2. State the dispersal point of the river-lake Nilotes in Uganda before arriving to Kenya.
   • Pubungu Pakwach   (1x1=1mark)
3. Identify the basic political unit of the Maasai during the pre-colonial period.
   • The clan  (1x1=1mark)
4. Name the missionary who translated the New Testament to Kiswahili.
   • Ludwig Krapf   (1x1=1mark)
5. Define the term democracy.
   • It means the rule of the people
   • Government of the people for the people by the people (Abraham Lincoln)  (Any 1x1=1mark)
6. Give two ways in which people are eligible for registration as Kenyan citizens.
   • If a person has been married to a Kenyan citizen for a period of at least 7 years.
   • If a person who has been lawfully living in Kenya for a continuous period of at least 7 years.
   • A child adopted by a Kenyan citizen.      (Any 2x1=2marks)
7. State two ways in which the constitution of Kenya promotes National Unity.
   • It guarantees equal opportunity to all Kenyans.
   • It provides protection to all individuals against any form of discrimination / Bill of rights.
   • It provides for a one system government. (Any 2x1=2marks)
8. Give the main type of constitution used in Kenya.
   • Written constitution   (1x1=1mark)
9. State one economic benefits of the Kenya-Uganda railway during the colonial period.
   • It hastened the transportation of goods / services.
   • It promoted the growth of trade / commercial activities.
   • It opened the interior for better farming / agriculture.
   • It led to the growth of industries / mining.
   • It led to the growth / development of urban centres.
   • It created employment.
   • It led to the development of other means of transport.       (Any 1x1=1mark)
10. Give two ways through which the colonial government controlled African migration to urban centres.
    
    • Taking headcount of those who were supposed to live in towns / reserves.
    • Enacting strict rules about migrations into urban centres.
    • Creation of African reserves.
    • Ensuring that only those who had specific activities to undertake in the urban areas lived there.
    • Introducing the Kipande system.        (Any 2x1=2marks)
11. Outline two roles of polling clerks in Kenya.
    • They check voters’ documents e.g. ID cards.
    • They confirm voters’ names in the voters’ register.
    • They issue ballot papers.
    • They assist the illiterate and the disabled voters.
    • They put indelible ink on voters’ fingers.
    • They direct the voters to the ballot box and out of the polling station.
    • They help in the counting and sealing of ballot boxes.      (Any 2x1=2marks)
12. Identify two terms of Anglo-German Treaty of 1886.
    • The 10 mile / 16km coastal strip was awarded to the Sultan of Zanzibar.
    • The islands of Pemba, Mafia, Pate, Zanzibar and Lamu were given to the Sultan of Zanzibar.
    • The territory between River Umba and River Juba was given to the British.
    • Germany was granted the mainland territory between River Umba in the North and River Ruvuma in the South.
    • Germany retained the control of the coastline of Witu near River Tana.     (Any 2x1=2marks)
13. Give two reasons why Nabongo Mumia collaborated with the British.
    • Nabongo Mumia hoped that by collaborating, he would be made a paramount Chief of the entire western region.
    • There was family rivalry over leadership. This compelled Mumia to seek help against his brother Sakwa/He wanted to safeguard his position at home.
    • He wanted British protection against his external i.e. the Nandi, the Bukusu and the Luo of Ugenya.
    • He wanted to take advantage of the British western civilization particularly education and religion
    • He also wanted material gains from the British.
    • He aimed at achieving territorial expansion. Mumia aimed at ruling up to Kabras, Marama, Batsotso, Ugenya and Samia.
    • Having realized that the British declaration of western Kenya as their sphere of influence was inevitable, he chose to become their ally at the earliest opportunity ever.
    • He wanted to gain social prestige for associating with the British.
    • He wanted to consolidate his political power and that of his kingdom in the whole of Western Kenya.
    • He was influenced by his neighbours like the Baganda.
    • He wanted to benefit by trading with the British.
    • He had a tradition of welcoming strangers as he had worked with long distance traders.
    • He realized the futility in resisting the British after seeing how they had crushed the Bukusu. (Any 2x1=2marks)
14. Identify two types of land ownership in Kenya.
    • Public land
    • Community land
    • Private land (Any 2x1=2marks)
15. Give the main role of the court of appeal in Kenya.
    • It hears and determines appeals from the High Court. (1x1=1mark)
16. Name two settlement schemes established after independence to settle the landless.
    • Million Acre scheme
    • Harambee scheme
    • Haraka scheme
    • Shirika Scheme                (Any 2x1=2marks)
17. Identify one example of direct tax in Kenya.
    • Income tax/Pay As You Earn (1x1=1mark)

SECTION B (45 marks)
Answer ANY THREE questions from this section.

18.  
    1. Give five reasons for migration of Abagusii into Kenya during the pre-colonial period.
       • There was population pressure and hence need for land for settlement.
       • There was Drought and famine in their cradle land which forced them to seek new areas.
       • The constant attacks (external attacks).
       • Internal conflicts.
       • Epidemics and diseases/natural calamities, e.g. Tsetse flies, sleeping sickness etc.
       • Search for fertile land.
       • Love for adventure/ to satisfy their spirit of adventure  (Any 5x1 =5marks)
    2. Describe the political organization of the Akamba during the pre-colonial period.
       • They had a decentralized system of government
       • The smallest political unit was the homestead/Musyi which was headed by the father.
       • There existed a wider territorial grouping/clan/Mbai which comprised of related families.
       • Each clan had a council of elders which settled disputes among the people.
       • Above the clan, there was territorial grouping/Kivalo which comprised of warriors/fighting unit who defended the community.
       • There were age-sets and age-grades in the community, each with specific role to play.
       • Above junior elders were medium elders/Nthele who assisted in the administration of the community.
       • There existed the council of senior elders/Atumia ma Kivalo which participated in making judgements on serious issues in the community.
       • There were senior most elders/Atumia ma Ithembo who participated in religious matters such as offering sacrifices.
         (Any 5x2 =10marks)
19.  
    1. Give three reasons why the early visitors came to the Kenyan coast before 1500AD.
       • They wanted to trade and control the commercial activities along the East African Coast.
       • Some Arabs came as refugees, fleeing from religious and political persecutions in Arabia.
       • They came to spread their religion, Islam.
       • Some came as explorers to explore the East African Coast.
       • Some came to establish settlements along the East African Coast       (Any 3x1 =3marks)
    2. Explain six factors that contributed to the development of trade between the Kenyan coast and the outside world by 1500.
       • Availability of items of trade from the East African Coast and foreign countries. For example, ivory, slaves, cotton and porcelain.
       • The high demand for trade items from the coast by consumers from the outside world was also a promoting factor. This was caused by the uneven distribution of resources. Foreign items were also on high demand at the coast.
       • The existence of enterprising merchants in both the foreign lands and the East African Coast led to promotion of trade links. The Akamba, Mijikenda, Nyamwezi and Swahili middlemen for example played a pivotal role in the trade.
       • The existence of local trade among Africans which acted as a base upon which the Indian Ocean trade was developed.
       • The accessibility of the East African Coast by sea. This enabled the foreign traders to reach the region across the Indian Ocean.
       • The existence of the monsoon winds facilitated the movement of the vessels which made it possible for the traders to travel to and from the coast.
       • The existence of peace and political stability at the East African Coast created a conducive atmosphere for business transactions. Where there was need, the traders were given security by the sultan of Zanzibar.
       • The existence of natural harbors along the coast ensured safe docking of the trade vessels for fueling and off-loading.
       • The advancement in the ship building technology in Europe gave great advantage to the traders. This made water transport reliable and regular. (Any 6x2 =12marks)
20.  
    1. Outline five methods used by the colonial government to obtain African labour.
       • master servant ordinance
       • African labourers were paid low wages
       • forced recruitment
       • native registration ordinance
       • the creation of reserves
       • the kipande system
       • the squatter system
       • Africans were forbidden from growing cash crops
       • Introduction of taxation
       • Confiscation of African livestock which made them poor       (Any 5x1 =5marks)
    2. Explain five reasons why farmers in colonial Kenya were not allowed to grow coffee.
       • Europeans wanted to continue getting cheap African labour for their farms. This could not be available if Africans were allowed to earn some money through growing of coffee.
       • European settlers did not want to compete with Africans in coffee growing. They feared that it would limit the market for their produce.
       • The settlers claimed that Africans did not have knowledge of growing coffee.
       • They feared that diseases would spread from African farms to settler plantations.
       • European settlers claimed that African farmers would produce low quality coffee due to inadequate resources. (Any 5x2 =10marks)
21.  
    1. Name five education commissions that were formed in post-independence Kenya.
       • The Kenya Education Commission (Ominde Commission)- (1964) : recommended overhaul of curriculum to make it relevant and the goals of education.
       • Gachathi commission (1976) : recommended the objectives of education
       • The Mackay commission (1982) : established the 8-4-4 system and proposed emphasis of vocational subjects such as art and craft, music, agriculture and Home science.
       • The Kamunge commission (1988): recommended cost-sharing in education
       • The Koech commission (1999) : recommended reintroduction of A-level system in form of Totally Integrated Quality Education and Training. (Any 5x1 =5marks)
    2. Explain five ways in which the Harambee philosophy has promoted the development of education in Kenya since independence.
       • Many education institutions have been constructed using funds raised through Harambee effort. Thus enabling many children to attend school.
       • Many students have been assisted to pay school fees/thus it enables the needy to go on learning.
       • Physical facilities have been constructed/improved through Harambee. This enables learning in a conducive environment.
       • Teaching/learning materials have been purchased/ donated to schools to improve the quality of education.
       • Additional staff/workers in schools have been paid through Harambee contributions by the parents to offset inadequacy.
       • Through Harambee spirit, well-wishers, thus helping the learners to exploit their talents, have supported co-curricular activities.
       • School furniture has been bought through Harambee effort thus making learning /teaching comfortable.
       • Parents have contributed funds to supplement the government’s school feeding programmes thus improving enrolment.
         (Any 5x2 =10marks)

SECTION C (30 marks)
Answer ANY TWO questions from this section.

22. State three survival rights of a child in Kenya.
    
    • A name and nationality from birth
    • Good food
    • Shelter
    • Health care   (Any 3x1 =3marks)
23. Explain six socio-economic responsibilities of a Kenyan citizen.
    • Every citizen has a responsibility to pay tax like income tax, value added tax and excise duty.
    • Citizens should take part in development programmes like harambee.
    • Citizens should participate in income generating activities to earn a decent living.
    • Every citizen should conserve the environment like natural resources.
    • Citizen should fight corruption in the country
    • To promote gender equality in relation to community.
    • To promote positive values in the society and good morals.
    • To promote good health practices like good hygiene.
    • Helping in emergencies like disasters.
    • Taking care of the vulnerable in the society like the needy, orphans and poor. (Any 6x2 =12marks)
24.  
    1. State five factors that may interfere with free and fair elections in Kenya.
       
       • Ethnic loyalties / polarization / allegiance / Tribalism / racism / Nepotism.
       • Party loyalties.
       • Misuse of mass media.
       • Harassment of voters by rival groups.
       • Incompetent election officials.
       • Partisan election officials.
       • Election violence and consequent chaos that mar elections.
       • Gender inqualities.
       • Election rigging by party followers or IEBC agents.
       • Fear instilled on candidates.
       • Use of negative propaganda by candidates and supporters.
       • Inefficient distribution of election materials.
       • Corruption / Bribery of candidates and their supporters.
       • Illiteracy of some voters.
       • Inadequate civic education.
       • Inaccessibility of some polling stations due to extreme weather conditions.
       • Communication problems between headquarters and polling stations.  (Any 5x1 =5marks)
    2. Explain five functions of the speaker of the National Assembly.
       • He/she presides over the proceedings of the house and ensures that they are conducted in accordance with the rules of procedure. He enforces standing orders in the house.
       • The speaker disciplines members of the house who violate standing orders by ordering such members to leave the house or be barred from attending three house consecutive sittings.
       • Maintains order during debates and enforces rules which govern conduct of the house. The speaker interprets the rules of the house.
       • He/she gives the MPs a chance to contribute towards house debates to ensure that the minority are given a fair hearing before the will of the majority prevails.
       • He/she represents and protects the authority of the house.
       • He/she organizes and determines the business to be conducted in the house by receiving Bills, motions and questions for discussion in the house, and then prepares an order paper.
       • He/she adjourns sittings if the house lacks a quorum.
       • He/she keeps and maintains the attendance register and grants permission to MPs to be absent from sessions. MPs going out of the country must inform the speaker of their absence from Kenya.
       • He/she heads the National Assembly department and takes charge of its general administration and welfare. He/she is responsible for preserving dignity and order and for the comfort and convenience of the members and staff within parliament buildings.
       • He/she chairs the speaker’s committee, the committee of powers and Privileges and the standing Order Committee.
       • The speaker issues orders and makes rules for the regulation of visitors to parliament and represent parliament in its relations with foreign countries.
       • The speaker chairs the branches of the commonwealth Parliamentary Association, Inter Parliamentary Union and the Union of African Parliaments. He/she represents Parliament at the commonwealth speaker’s conference.
       • He/she declares parliamentary seats vacant and issues writs for general elections and by-elections.
       • He/she receives and accepts letters of resignation from members of parliament.
       • He/she swears in members of parliament before participating in the House deliberations.
       • He/she, summons parliament to a new sitting when parliamentarians are on recess  (Any 5x2 =10marks)
25.  
    1. Outline the composition of the County Assembly in Kenya.
       • Members (one member per ward) elected by the registered voters of the wards in a general election.
       • Members of special seats (no more than two-thirds of the membership of the assembly is of the same gender.)
       • Members of marginalized groups, including persons with disabilities and the youth.
       • The Speaker, who is an ex officio member.  (Any 3x1 =3marks)
    2. Explain six challenges facing County Government in Kenya.
       
       • County governments have inadequate funds. Some are located in areas of limited resources. This impedes provision of essential services. Some are too small to operate efficiently.
       • Corruption and misappropriation of funds is common in most counties. This is because those vested with the management powers do not have experience since the appointment of governors is through popular vote.
       • Rural –urban migration is likely to generate population pressure in urban based counties like Nairobi city and Mombasa. Urban problems like mushrooming of slums, poor garbage disposal and insufficient sanitary facilities arise.
       • There is likely to be national government interference in the affairs and management of county legislation. This hinders free decision-making.
       • Cross county planning and development may bring conflicts between counties i.e. forests, water, roads, electricity
       • Ethnicity and nepotism in employment undermines efficiency
       • Duplication of roles with the national government
       • Natural calamities such as drought and floods calling for emergency relief assistance
       • Rivalry and wrangles among leaders in the county
       • Underdevelopment transport and communication network which undermine service delivery
       • Inadequate skilled personnel to man key departments within the county.
       • Delayed remittances of sharable revenue by the national government which affect county programmes. (Any 6x2 =12marks)