MOKASA Joint Evaluation Examination Biology Paper 1 2016- Pre MOCK With answers

1. Cellulose and pectin. (1mk)

   Collenchyma

2. Lignin. (1mk)

   Sclerenchyma

1. Name Parts labeled A and B. (2mk)

   A. Sori

   B. Rhizome

2. To which division does the plant belong? (1mk)

   Pteridophyta

-Improving sanitation/hygiene;
-using insecticides to kill vectors;
-avoiding indiscriminate sexual intercourse;
-clearing bushes/tall grass around the house;
-draining stagnant water;
-proper disposal of household refuse;

1. Protogyny(1mk)

   Stigma matures earlier and is ready to receive pollen grains before the anthers are ready;

2. Dioecism(1mk)

   Male and female gametes occur in separate plants;

-Contains disease – causing micro-organisms which may cause outbreak of water borne diseases;
-faecal material is broken down by saprophytes leading to depletion of dissolved oxygen thus suffocation of aquatic organisms;
-breakdown of matter releases nutrients which enrich the water resulting in eutrophication;

-Possession of hooked spines;
-tendrils;
-twining stems;
-adventitious roots;

1. Define the term immunity. (1mk)

   Ability of the body to identify/ recognize foreign antigens and develop mechanisms of destroying them / ability to resist infection;

2. Distinguish between natural immunity and acquired immunity. (1mk)

   Natural immunity is inborn /inherited /passed from parents to offspring while acquired immunity is obtained in life;

3. Identify one immunizable disease in Kenya. (1mk)

   -Tuberculosis
   -poliomyelitis
   -diphtheria
   -whooping cough
   -measles

-Osmosis involves movement of water /solvent molecules, active transport involves movement of solute molecules;
-osmosis does not require energy, active transport requires energy
-in osmosis molecules move along a concentration gradient, in active transport molecules move against a concentration gradient;

1. Name the fluid found in the part labeled Q. (1mk)

   Glomerular filtrate

2. Identify the process responsible for the formation of the fluid named in (a) above. (1mk)

   Ultra-filtration / pressure filtration;

3. Which two hormones exert their effect in the nephron? (2mk)

   -Antidiuretic hormone / vasopressin;
   -Aldosterone;

Nucleus lack nuclear membrane / organelles not membrane bound; nucleus not organized; mitochondria absent / most organelles absent; cell wall made of mucoprotein;

1. Crenation (1mk)

   Shrinking of red blood cells/ animal cells as a result of water loss by osmosis (when placed in hypertonic solution);

2. Haemolysis (1mk)

   Bursting of red blood cells as a result of uptake of water by osmosis (when placed in hypotonic solution);

3. Plasmolysis (1mk)

   Shrinking and pulling away of the cell membrane from the cell wall of plant as a result of water loss by osmosis;

1. Name the parts labeled Q, R, and S. (3 mk)

   Q – Antipodal cell(s);

   R – Polar nucleus / body;

   S – Functional egg cell;

2. State the function of the pollen tube. (1 mk)

   -pathway through which male nuclei reach the embryo sac / improves efficiency of fertilization;
   -its tip produce lytic enzyme which dissolves the embyo sac wall to allow entry of male nuclei;

1. State the major factor in the ‘Global warming’ experienced in the world today. (1mk)

   Carbon (IV) Oxide

2. Suggest two ways of reducing the Global warming. (2mk)

   -Reducing use wood / fossil fuels;
   -planting more trees / afforestation or re-afforestation;

1. Name the response exhibited. (1mk)

   Geotropism

2. Explain the curvature of the shoot upwards. (3mk)

   Gravity causes high concentration of auxins on the lower part of the shoot; this causes faster elongation of cells on the lower part compared to the upper part; making the shoot to curve upwards

1. Name the evolutionary process that may have given rise to these structures. (1mk)

   Convergent evolution

2. What is the name given to such structures? (1mk)

   Analogous structures

3. Give two examples of vestigial organs in man. (2mk)

   -Coccyx;
   -appendix;

1. Name a protein and vitamin involved in blood clotting.
   1. Protein.(1mk)

      Fibrinogen

   2. Vitamin(1mk)

      (Vitamin) K;

2. Explain why blood is not normally used for transfusion after one month. (1mk)

   Most of the red blood cells will have died

1. Predict what happened to the termites after 30 minutes. (1mk)

   Moved to the dark area

2. What form of response is exhibited by termites? (1mk)

   Negative phototaxis / positive hydrotaxis

3. State one biological significance of the above response to termites.(1mk)

   -To escape predation;
   -to reduce dessication;

1. Name two fins in a bony fish which perform the following functions:-
   1. Changing direction. (1mk)

      Pectoral fins

   2. Control pitching. (1mk)
      

      Pectoral and pelvic fins

2. State the role of myotomes in fish. (1mk)

   Contract and relax alternately to bring about undulating movement

1. What scientific concept was being investigated? (1mk)

   Photosynthesis

2. 1. Give the results likely to be obtained after starch test for A and B.

      Negative test / starch absent

      Positive test / starch present

   2. Account for the results in leaf A in b (i) above. (1mk)

      Sodium hydroxide absorbed all the Carbon (IV) Oxide hence no photosynthesis

3. Why was leaf C included in the set-up? (1mk)

   Control experiment

1. Explain the importance of transport in plants. (2mk)

   -Supplies water and mineral ions to the (photosynthetic) cells;
   -conduct products of photosynthesis / nutrients to all parts of the plant / translocation;

2. What is the role of root hairs in plants? (1mk)

   Absorption of water and mineral ions from the soil

1. Identify the source of urea that is removed via the kidneys in a healthy human being. (1mk)

   Deamination of excess proteins / amino acids in the liver

2. Explain why a pregnant woman excretes less urea compared to a woman who is non-pregnant. (2mk)

   Amino acids are used in the formation of foetal tissues; thus has less excess to be eliminated

1. What biological processes are represented by A and B? (2mk)

   A – Condensation

   B – Hydrolysis

2. Identify the product Y. (1mk)

   Sucrose

3. State the bond represented by X. (1mk)

   Glycosidic

-Light energy is s absorbed by chlorophyll molecules;
-used to split water molecule into oxygen and hydrogen atoms/ ions;
-light energy is converted into chemical energy (ATP) and stored

-Insulin is produced which increases oxidation of glucose;
-facilitate conversion of glucose into glycogen / fats for storage;
-inhibits conversion of glycogen into glucose;

1. Outline the main features of Lamarckian theory of evolution. (2mk)

   Use and disuse of structures / when structures are not used for a long time they shrink and when used they develop properly; transmission of physically acquired characteristics / physically acquired characteristics are passed on to the offspring;

2. In view of modern genetics, explain why Lamarck’s theory is unacceptable. (1mk)

   phynotypically / physically acquired characteristics which do not affect the genes cannot be inherited;

3. Name one factor in nature that increases the process of evolution. (1mk)

   -Natural selection;
   -cross- breeding;
   -mutation;