Agriculture Paper 2 Marking Scheme - CATHOLIC DIOCESE OF KERICHO (CDK) EXAMS – 2018 PRE-MOCK WITH MARKING SCHEME

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AGRICULTURE
PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEME

MARCH 2018

CATHOLIC DIOCESE OF KERICHO (CDK) EXAMS – 2018
PRE-MOCK
AGRICULTURE PAPER 2
MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A (20 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided.

Define the word breech of birth as used in livestock production (1mk)
Breech of birth is a presentation during parturition where the hind legs of a new born come out first.

Study the table below and fill in the missing words (3mks)

Description	Cattle	Pigs	Poultry
Young from birth/hatching to weaning	Calf	piglet	Chick
Young female before first parturition	Heifer	Gilt	Pullet
Mature male for breeding	Bull	boar	cock

Outline the importance of feed additives (1mk)
- To stimulate growth and production
- To prevent disease attacks
- To improve feeding habits (appetite).
List four implements used to carry out secondary cultivation (2mks)
- Disc harrow.
- Spike toothed harrow.
- Rotavator.
- Ox- tine harrow
- Chain harrow.
- Zigzag harrow.
- Sprung tine harrow.
Give two reasons why walls of dairy shed should be white washed instead of painting with oil paints (1mk)
- Avoid poisoning by chemicals or lead that may be in paints.
- To discourage/avoid tainting of milk if shed is used immediately after painting
- Discourage insects from inhabiting the shed
State two uses of wind power on the farm (2mks)
- Winnowing of crops
- Driving machines e.g. wind mill
Name the two hormones that control milk left down in dairy cow (1mk)
- Oxytocin
- Adrenaline
Name any two parts of marking gauge (2mks)
- Pin
- Head
- Stem
- Shoe
- Thumbscrew
Give two uses of litter in a poultry house (2mks)
- Keeps birds busy scratching, hence reduce cannibalism
- Gives comfort and warmth to the birds
- Helps in drying droppings
List four post milking practices (2mks)
- Disinfect the teats
- Apply milking salve on teats
- Weigh the milk
- Cooling the milk
- Straining/ sieving the milk
- Clean utensils
Name two diseases that affect female animals only (1mk)
- Mastitis
- Milk fever
State four factors that would contribute to depreciation of farm equipment (2mks)
- Growth, repair and replacement of worn-out body tissues.
- Production of antibodies which protect the animal from diseases.
- Production of digestive enzymes to break food particles.
- Production of certain hormones in the body.
- Production of such products like meat, milk, egg and wool.
List four functions of proteins in livestock (2mks)
- Age of the equipment
- Wear and tear/use
- Lack of maintenance practice
- Exposure to weather/improper storage
- Obsolescence/change in technology
State the measures that prevent egg eating in poultry (2mks)
- Collect eggs regularly and frequently.
- Make nests dark
- Feed balanced diet.
- Debeak perpetual egg eaters.
- Supply green leaves to keep birds busy.
Name two livestock diseases controlled by the same vaccine and name the vaccine (1½mks)
- Anthrax & Black quarter/leg
- Vaccine - Blanthrax
State three maintenance practices carried out on a milking machine (1½mks)
- Flushing the tubes under high pressure to it.
- Greasing / oiling rotating parts in the pump
- Storing it to dry upside down after thorough washing
Apart from high butter fat which other good qualities is jersey breed having over other exotic dairy breeds (1mk)
- Hardy / withstand high temperatures
- Needs less food
- Excellent grazer on fairly poor pastures.
State two functions of a coulter on a mould board plough (1mk)
- Makes a vertical cut into the soil ahead of the share to separate the furrow slice from unploughed land.
- Cut any trash on the surface
Name two dual purpose breeds of cattle (1mk)
- Sahiwal
- Red poll
- Simmental
- Brown Swiss

SECTION B (20 MARKS)
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided

The diagram labeled G, H and S below illustrated three livestock parasites. Study them and answer the questions that follow;
1. Identify the parasites (1 ½ mks)
  G-Liver fluke (Fasciola ssp) S-Tape worms (Taenia ssp)
  H-Round worms (Ascaris ssp)
2. State the category to which the three parasites G,H and S belong to (1 ½ mk)
  Internal/endoparasites.
3. Name the parts of organs of the host body where parasites G and S are found respectively (2mk)
  G - Liver fluke is found in the bile duct gali bladder / liver. S-Tape worm are found attached on the wall of the small intestine.
4. State any three control measures of the parasite G (3 mks)
  - Control of fresh water snail by physically killing them.
  - Control of fresh water snail by use of adding CuSO₄ solution to stagnant water.
  - Draining swampy areas
  - Burning swampy bushes during dry weather.
  - Avoid grazing affected animals near marshy or swampy areas.
  - Routine drenching with suitable. Anthelmintic.
  - Rear ducks which feed on snails.
Study the following diagram showing the behavior of chicks with temperature variations in a brooder
1. Identify part K (1MK)
  Wire guard
2. Describe the behavior of chicks in (2mks)
  1. X - Cold/low temperatures thus making chicks move closer to the heat source.
  2. W - Draught strong wind from one side which makes them to move to the opposite side.
A farmer wanted to prepare a 200kg of calf rearing ration containing 20% DCP. Using the pearson’s square method, calculate the amount of maize containing 10% SCP and sunflower containing 35% DCP that the farmer would need to prepare the ration (show your working ) (4mks)
Describe the characteristics of eggs selected for incubation (5mks)
- Be fertilized
- Medium size (50-60g) in weight
- Have smooth shells
- Oval in shape
- Free of any cracks in the shells
- Clean/pores open
- No abnormalities/blood spots/meat spots/double yolk
- Fresh/week old

SECTION C 40 MARKS
Answer any two questions in this section in the spaces provided after question 26

1. State and explain five factors that influence the siting of farm structures (10mkS)
  - Security : Located near homestead eg poulry house.
  - Accessibility: should be connected with roads for easy of transportation of inputs/outputs
  - Soil type - Should be well drained and unproductive
  - Drainage / Gradient: When there is free flow of water
  - Nearness to water sources eg. Vegetable nursery for easy irrigation
  - Social amenities: Homesteads to be near schools, hospitals and churches
  - Other infrastructure such as near roads and power lines
  - View of farm (panoramic)
  - Future expansion space to be left for future expansion
2. outline five advantages of fences in a farm (5mks)
  - They mark boundaries
  - Keep off intruders / thieves
  - Control grazing facilitate rotational grazing
  - Prevent damage of crops by animals
  - Control breeding
  - Act as wind breaks
  - Control of pests and diseases by preventing entry of wild and sick animals
  - Live fences have aesthetic value
  - Provide livestock feeds, firewood, mulch and compost manure material
  - Add value to farms
3. Outline five methods of reinforcing fences to make them stronger (5mks)
  - Cementing the posts
  - Inserting droppers between standard posts
  - Supporting the corner posts with struts and strainers
  - Tightening the wire strainers
  - Fixing braces to support the fencing posts
1. Describe the management practices that should be carried for a sow and piglets during the farrowing period (12mks)
  - Clean and disinfect the far rowing pen
  - Wash / clean and disinfectant the sow.
  - Treat the sow against external parasites
  - Move the sow to a furrowing pen - 3 days before furrowing
  - Provide a creep area.
  - Provide clean bedding maternal
  - Provide bran for the sow after furrowing.
  - Ensure piglest are breathing.
  - Ensure piglets suckle colostrum
  - Disinfect umbilical cord of piglets.
  - Weigh piglets on day one to get birth weight
  - Dispose the after - birth
  - Dispose-off born still piglets on day 1 to attain birth weight.
2. Explain reasons why a breeding boar may be culled (8mks)
  - Old age Health of a boar Serious injury of the boar
  - When daughters are used as replacement stock /to a oid inbreeding.
  - When boar is too fat and lazy.
  - Poor performance of offsprings
  - Lack of libido / infertile boar.
  - Bad temperament
1. Describe maintenance practices which are carried out on farm buildings (10mks)
  - Painting walls, wooden surfaces.
  - Greasing hinges of doors.
  - Oiling exposed metal part to avoid rusting e.g. steel posts.
  - Regular cleaning.
  - Repair of broken doors, windows, handles ecc.
  - Using buildings for correct purpose.
  - Avoiding banging objects into the building.
  - Sealing of leaking roofs.
  - Plastering, cementing walls to avoid vermins.
  - Re-sealing / walling of cracked walls.
  - Painting wooden parts of the roof with old engine oil to control insect attacks.
2. Outline the factor considered when siting a bee hive. (5mks)
  - Availability of water.
  - Availability of flowers (food nector).
  - Shelter / no overheating.
  - Direction of wind.
  - Noise sounds e.g. nearby posho mill.
  - Smells e.g. damping site.
  - Security away from living homes / livestock.
3. Outline the management practices carried out in an incubator (5mks)
  - Egg turning every 6 - 8 hours.
  - Egg should be turned around 180°.
  - Any egg found to be infertile should be removed on the 5th day.
  - Broken eggs should be removed.
  - Add water to maintain humidity.
  - Maintain temperature within the set range.