• The family
  • Types of families
  • Needs of family members
    • Basic needs
    • Secondary needs
  • Responsibilities of Family Members
  • Responsibilities of Parents
  • Responsibilities of the Children
• The school
  • The school motto
  • The school routine
    • Importances of a school routine
• The clan system
  • Functions of a clan

The family

• Is a group of people related by blood, marriage or adoption
• Is the smallest social unit in society

Types of families

1. Nuclear family
2. Extended family
3. Single parent family

1. The nuclear family
   • Is made up of father, mother and children
   • Is the most common type of family
2. Single parent family
   • Is made up of one parent and children
3. Extended family
   • Is made up of nuclear family and their relatives.
   • Father, mother, children, grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, nephews, nieces and in-laws.

Needs of family members

• Needs are essential things that human beings require in order to live comfortably They include;
  1. Basic needs
  2. Secondary needs

1. Basic Needs

   
   
   • Are things or requirements one must have for survival
   • They include;
     1. Food
     2. Shelter
     3. Clothing
     4. Clean water
        
        

2. Secondary Needs

   • Are things that human being may require in order to make their live more comfortable
   • They include;
     1. Medical care
     2. Security and protectioniii.
     3. Property or land
     4. Entertainment
     5. Education
     6. Love

Responsibilities of Family Members

• Responsibilities are roles or duties one is expected to perform or fulfil

Responsibilities of Parents

1. Proviing basic needs
2. Being role models to their children
3. Moulding good morals in their children
4. Educating their children
5. Providing security and protection for the family
6. Listen to and advise their children
7. Love, care for and live with their children
8. Guiding their children on ways of participating in cultural activities

Responsibilities of the Children

1. Going to school and working hard
2. Showing good behaviour
3. Keeping family secrets
4. Obeying, loving and respecting their parents
5. Protecting family property
6. Serving the community using their talents and abilities
7. Preserving and strengthening positive cultural practises
8. Helping their parents in doing some household chores
9. Ensure their family and community live harmoniously

The School

• A school is a place where pupils go to be taught or to learn
• A school mainly equips learners with knowledge and skills
• A school trains individuals to be responsible or useful members of the society We have government and private schools

The School Motto

• Is a short statement that shows the aims and beliefs of a school
• It may be written on;
  1. school badge
  2. school signpost
  3. school buses/vehicles
  4. exercise book
• is developed by the;
  1. teachers
  2. pupils
  3. parents
• it reminds pupils to work hard at school and to be a shining example to the other school.
• Its main aim is to motivate learners, teachers and community to work together towards a successful end.

The School Routine

• Is the programme of activities that have been planned to take place everyday in the school
• Day schools and boarding schools have different routines
• A school routine is prepared by the school administration
• School routine should be as per the guidelines of the ministry of education.
• A school fourine is clearly indicated on the school timetable

Importances of a school routine

1. It helps the school to run smoothly
2. It ensures order and harmony in the school
3. Helps in bringing up all round pupils
4. Helps to train pupils to be responsibleHelps in proper time mangement
5. Helps to strengthen discipline among pupils
6. Ensures that all activities in the school are allocated time

The clan system

• A clan is a group of people who have a common ancestor or forefather
• Clan members are related by blood
• Clans were founded by males
• Communities trace their origin through the male ancestor
• Agikuyu clans bear the names ot the nine daughters of gikuyu and mumbi.
• A group of clans make an ethnic group or community
• Members of the same clan are not allowed to marry each other

Functions of a clan

1. Clan elders settled disputes among clan members
2. Clan owned land on behalf of its members
3. Giving a sense of belonging e.g.identity
4. Setting rules to govern its members
5. Planning and conducting important ceremonies
6. Negotiating and paying dowry
7. Educating the youth
8. Providing comfort to members during hard times
9. Safeguarding the values of the clan
10. Determining religious practises and beliefs of the clan
11. Protecting its members from external attacks 

• The Family
  • Marriage
• The School
  • The School Administration

Social relations refers to the way members of the society relate or get on with each other.
Cultural activities refers to things or activities done according to the way of life of people.

The Family

Is a group of people related and joined by blood, adoption or marriage.
Is the smallest basic unit of a society.
It begins when an adult man and an adult woman are joined together in marriage.

Marriage

Is a lawful union between an adult man and woman as a husband and wife.
Marriage is for companionship, love and procreation.

Marriage Systems

1. Customary marriage
2. Civil marriage
3. Religious marriage

Customary marriage

Also called traditional marriage
Is conducted according to the traditional customs and culture of the community.
Is presided over by the elders within a community.
Dowry is paid as per the customs of the community
It allows polygamy
Dowry strengths the marriage bond.
Marriage certificate is not issued.

Civil marriage

It takes place in a government office
Is presided over by a government officer e.g.attorney general, magistrate, a district commissioner
The couple gives 21 days or three weeks notice
It is strictly monogamous
Is registered after the exchange of vows.
A marriage certificate is issued
Bride price is usually given to the brides parents before the wedding .

Religious marriage

Is carried out according to the religious beliefs of the couple.
Is presided over by a religious leader
Is conducted in a mosque, church or a temple.
It is monogamous except in islam.
Islamic law allows a maximum of 4 wives(polygamay)
Vows are exchanged
Marraige certificate is issued
Bride price is paid before the wedding.

Importance of the institution of marriage

• It ensures the continuity of the family and community.
• It provides campanionship
• It is the base for building family life.
• It provides security to family members
• It gives identity/sense of belonging to family members.
• It enriches the culture of different communities.
• It helps to control the spread of sexually transmitted diseases.
• It promotes responsibility for both men and women.

The School

This is a place where children go to learn.
Is a place where children acquire knowledge and skills.

The School Administration

This is the day to day management of the school.
This refers to how an institution or organization is run or managed.
Public schools are built and managed by the government
A well managed school runs property and pupils learn well.
The team involved in school administration include;

1. School committee
2. Headteacher
3. Deputy headteacher
4. Teachers
5. Pupils
6. Parents

The School Committee

Is hresponsible for managing each public primary school
Is made up of ;

• Headteacher
• Members of local community
• Parents representatives
• Schoolsponsors
• D.E.B rep

It is headed by a chairman
The headteacher is the secrectary to the school committee.

The Headteacher

Incharge of day to day running of the school
Links between the teachers and the ministry of education.
Ensures good discipline and cleanliness in the school.
Secretary to the school committee.
Keeps important school records.
Takes care of the school property
Ensures safety of everyone in the school
Admits new pupils to the school.
Supervises work done by teachers, pupils and other workers.
Receives all school funds an behalf of the school committee.
Ensures school finances and resources are well used.
Assigns duties to other members of staff.

Deputy Headteacher

Assists the headteacher
Heads disciplinary committee in the school
Supervises teacher lesson attendance
Writes minutes during staff meetings
Prepares school timetable and duty roster.
Incharge of discipline in the school.
Teaches his/her subjects.

Teachers

Main role is to teach
Supervising pupils on thier responsibilities
Maintaining discipline among pupils
Guiding and counseling pupils
Role model to the pupils
Day to day running of the school as teachers on duty.
Preparing and maintaining class registers and progress records.
Identifying and developing talents in pupils.

Parents

Making sure their children attend school
Making sure their children attend to their homework.
Attending all school meetings called by the school management.
Contribute funds and other materials to build the school.

Importance of the school administration

• It decides on the pupils enrolment
• Coordinates the running of the school and its programmes
• Promotes high standards of discipline
• Ensures high academic standards
• Ensures that pupils needs are met.
• It looks for teachers to teach the pupils who come to school.
• Purchases school books, desks and other equipment.
• Is a link between the community, the school and the government.

The role of the school in community development

• Teaching pupils to obey the law of the land.
• Equip pupils with necessary skills to help them in their life.
• Helps pupil to discover and nurture their talents
• Offering employment the community in the school.
• Helps in preservation of the community’s culture.
• It provides facilities such as playing fields, halls for use by the community.
• Pupils and teachers participate in community projects e.g.tree planting and cleaning the environment.

Contributions of the community in the school development.

• Taking their children to school
• Source of labour for the school
• Donates land for building or expanding the school
• Donating materials needed for constructing school.
• Providing resource personnel for guidance and counselling.
• Allows schools to use their facilities.e.g halls
• Giving moral support to the school e.g.
  
  • During prize giving
  • Sports days.
• Providing pupils with necessary materials e.g. books, pens.

• The school
  • School management
    • The teacher
    • The Deputy Headteacher
    • The Senior Teacher
    • Head prefects
    • Importance of School Administration
  • The school Motto
• The family
  • Main types of Families
  • Needs of Family Members
    • Types of needs
  • Responsibilities of Family Members
• Marriage
  • Religious Marriage
  • Customary Marriage
  • Civil Marriage
  • Importance of Marriage
  • Rights and Responsibilities of Spouses in Marriage
• Succession and Inheritance
• Resources and Economic Activities

The School

• A school is a centre where learning takes place both formally and informally.
• It is also a place where the learners acquire knowledge.

School Management

• The public schools are run by the government through the ministry of education.
• At the district level, the schools are managed by:

1. the District Education Board. (D.E.B)
2. The chairman of the district education board is the district commissioner.
3. The secretary of the District education board is the district education officer (D.E.O)The D.E.O is in charge of all the education matters in the district. He/She:-
   1. Ensures there are teachers in the school.
   2. Inspects schools to ensure standards are set and maintained.
   3. Organizes co-curriculum activities.
   4. Assigns teachers responsibilities by posting and transferring them.

The Teacher

1. He/She is the secretary to the school committee.
2. He/She signs duties and responsibilities to all the teachers in the school
3. Receive information from the ministry and pass them on to teachers.
4. Ensures that the school is stable and runs smoothly.
5. He supervises the work of teachers, pupils and school workers.
6. He ensures that good academic standards are made and maintained.
7. He writes minutes during school committee meetings.
8. He maintains discipline among pupils.

The Deputy Headteacher

1.  He is the principal assistant of the head teacher.
2. He attends to lessons by planning and teaching.
3. He acts in the absence of head teacher.
4. He is in charge of discipline.

The Senior Teacher

1. Ensures all lessons are attended to.
2. Acts in the absence of head teacher and the Deputy head teacher.
3. Plans and teaches the pupils.

Head Prefects (head boy and head girl)

1. They co-ordinate the activities of other prefects.
2. Ensures the pupils are orderly.
3. Prefects act as the eyes of teachers on other pupils.

Importance of School Administration.

1. It promotes high academic standards.
2. It promotes high standards of discipline.
3. It helps in maintaining school facilities like chairs tables and desks.
4. It co-ordinates the daily academic activities in the school.
5. It maintains proper school records.
6. It organizes and promotes co-curricular activities in the schools e.g. games, music, athletics, drama.
7. It acts as the link between the community in school.
8. It ensures that the school maintains cleanliness.
9. It acts as a link between the school and the government education agents like:
   1. Assistant education officers (AEO)
   2. District Education Officers
   3. Provincial director of education
10. It allocates teachers their teaching subjects and other duties.

The School Motto

• It is a phrase that expresses the beliefs of a school.
• It describes the goals that a school intends the school learners to achieve by the time they leave the school.
• School routine is the program of activities in the school either on daily or weekly basis.
• The school timetable forms a major part of the school routine.

The Family

• Family is a group of people who are related by blood or marriage.

Main Types of Family

1. Nuclear family - father, mother and child/children
2. Extended family - nuclear and other relatives.
3. Single parent family - One parent and child/children

Needs of Family Members

• Needs are requirements that are necessary for people to live.

Types of Needs

1. Basic needs - things we cannot do without.
2. Secondary needs - Things that add comfort to our lives but we can do without them.

Resonsibilities of Family Members

• Roles and duties in a family are well defined.

EXAMPLES:

Responsibilities of Parents

1. Providing basic needs for the family.
2. Providing security in the family.
3. Providing medical care for the family.
4. Installing good morals in the children.
5. Providing financial assistance.
6. Teaching religious values.
7. Providing love for the family members.

Marriage

• Marriage is a permanent union between adults.
• Marriage systems recognized in Kenya are:
  1. Religious marriage.
  2. Customary marriage.
  3. Civil marriage.

Religious Marriage

• It is usually conducted in a church , mosque , or a temple.
• A wedding ceremony is conducted.
• Christians and Asian marriages are monogamous (one man and one wife)while Muslim marriages are polygamous (more than one wife).
• Couple exchange marriage vows.
• A marriage certificate is issued.

Customary Marriage

• Conducted according to the African customs and beliefs.
• Polygamy is allowed.
• Bride wealth is given before the wedding ceremony.
• It is usually conducted by the clan elders.

Civil Marriage

• It is presided over by a magistrate or an authorized government officer.
• A couple intending to marry must issue a 21 day notice to the district commissioner or the district registrar of marriage.
• The marriage partners pay a marriage fee.
• A marriage certificate is issued.
• Divorce or separation is granted by a court of law.

Importance of Marriage

1. It provides companionship.
2. It ensures the continuity of the family name and culture.
3. It unites different families hence promotes unity and harmony in the society.
4. It ensures good upbringing of the children.
5. It provides security and legal rights to the children, wife, and the husband.
6. It helps to regulate social behavior of the couple.
7. It helps to enrich culture especially when man and wife are responsible.

Rights and Responsibilities of Spouses in Marriage

1. To be loyal and faithful to each other.
2. To stand by each other as a source of comfort and strength.
3. To love one another.
4. To give each other emotional and physical security and protection.
5. To earn an income to support the family.
6. To promote the family’s standard of living.
7. To discuss the decisions regarding the family matters.
8. They should be caring to the children.

Succession and Inheritance

• Succession means taking over property after the owner dies or give up ownership.
• Inheritance is receiving property left behind when the owner dies.
• People succeed or inherit the estate (belonging of the deceased ) through:
  1. customary laws
  2. written wills
  3. parliamentary acts (law of succession).
• The property of the diseased is called an estate.
• A written document that shows how the property of the deceased should be shared out is known as the will.
• The person who inherits the estates of the deceased is known as an heir.
• The distribution of the estate of the deceased is done by:
  1. Court of law.
  2. The public trustee.
  3. The bearer of the letter of administration or the grant of probate.
• The authority to manage the estate is granted by a court of law.
• The following are entitled to the estate of the deceased :
  
  1. wife or wives
  2. former wife ( in case of a divorce in a court of law).
  3. sons
  4. daughters
  5. parents
  6. Any other person with proof that they depend on the deceased.
• Where both the parents have died, the adult first born child should apply to get a letter of administration, if the parent did not leave a will or a grant of probate, if the parent left a will.
  NB: daughters of the deceased whether married or not have the right to benefit from the property of the deceased.

Resources and Economic Activities.

1. Resources are the things that are useful to human beings e.g. Soil, water, money, land, forest, mineral, wildlife, domestic animals.
2. Economic activities are the different ways that we use the resources to earn income.
3. The main economic activities in Kenya include:
   1. Transport and communication.
   2. Livestock keeping.
   3. Wildlife and tourism.
   4. Fishing.
   5. Mining.
   6. Crop farming.
   7. Forestry.
   8. Manufacturing.