Inheritance by David Mulwa - KCSE Essay Questions with Answers

Essay questions and answers on Inheritance by David Mulwa

The essays below are mostly in marking scheme format. With points that examiners check.

It should be noted that in an exam situation, essays should be written in prose and not point form as in some of the examples below. In an exam, the "Introduction", "Body" and "Conclusion" titles should not be added in your essays. The examples below just guide on the format that your essays should take.

1. A person’s weaknesses can lead to their downfall. Justify the statement using the character Lacuna Kasoo in “Inheritance.”

An essay should have at least six paragraphs. One paragraph should be the introduction. We should then have four paragraphs of the body, each discussing
an independent point. The body paragraphs should start with a topic sentence which is the carrier of the answer.

Introduction.

David Mulwa's play. "Inheritance", is a satirical play which is mocking the bad characteristics of Leader Lacuna Kasoo, which are key contributors to his downfall.

Content

He is like the mythical Greek kings who got drunk with power, to extent that they mock God, and longer care about the feelings of their fellow human beings.

Firstly, Lacuna kasoo is seen to be Materialistic. He has a desire to get all the wealth in the world, even if it is at the expense of his people. He borrows from foreign countries, and funnily enough, he misappropriates the money and even goes to store it in Foreign accounts, opened in the same banks he had borrowed from, in the name of Kutule.

Secondly, he is also seen to be lustful This is the major trait that contributes to his downfall He develops an insatiable desire to marry Lulu and have sex with her because according to him, this will give him a new lease of life, and also helps him connect with the Dead and the unborn. This is evident in the fact that he pulls his key advisors on governance matters into the petty issue of planning this night escapade with Lulu. This makes him blind to the state of the nation. He also falls out with Robert, one of the financiers because he talked to Lulu. He finally is thrown out of power because the foreign power does not support him anymore.

Thirdly his pride is another major contributor to his downfall. He is first of all very determined to create a gap between himself and the citizens. This he does by impoverishing them and making himself super rich. He says that he cannot move around in an insect of a car whereas other world leaders a rolling across the sky. He buys himself a plane and even at some point compares himself to God. This later sees to his downfall because all people turn against him. Also, he is temperamental This makes him to make rush decisions which make him fall into trouble. He jails the foreign financiers after Robert freezes his accounts to recover part of the loan he had taken. This is despite the advice by Chipande against the same. He also orders for the evacuation of the people from Bukelenge valley so that the foreigners can Occupy it and do farming. Another poor decision which he makes in a rush is to introduce martial law, and enclose all his people in their houses in a 24hour curfew. This only serves to fuel the rebellion of his subiects.

In addition to that, he is cruel leader. It is evident in the fact that he kills his own father by poisoning him. He also jails Romanus Bengo for giving him stiff political competition and even winning against him. For that he wants to kill him. He tries to use his brother, Be go to execute the killing and when he refuses, he is sacked and later beaten ruthlessly and dumped at his door. He is finally killed in an accident in Lacuna Kasoo mines. This infuriates the citizens, particularly Ramanus Bengo, who leads the rest in overthrowing him. This we can say was Lacuna's own making.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we can say that the traits mentioned above, among others, are contributors to Lacuna kasoo's downfall.

2. A mother can bear a child and he or (the child) is a replica of her, but can also be very different. Write an essay comparing and contrasting the character of Luli Zen Melo with that of her mother Tamina Zen Melo ”with clear illustrations from “Inheritance” by David Mulwa.

- Lulu is aggressive while Tamina is timid - Lulu is aggressive to change her life and to be like her mother while Tamina is timid and wants the status quo to remain.

- Tamina is religious while Lulu is skeptical. Tamina is very faithful to religion to an extent she is offended by Lulu's skepticism. Lulu on other hand feels that God is unfair to her and her mother because they suffered for long to no avail.

- They are both morally upright. Lulu is seen to be upright in the way she relates with Lucano Kasoo. Tamina is seen to be faithful to her husband and tells him that the bed is there and waiting for her and nobody else.

- Lulu and Tamina are loving. Tamina loves her husband so much and refers to him fondly and she is happy when he gets back home. Lulu is also loving and affected when her father dies and she demands that Lucana should let her go home for his second coronation.

NB: - There must be contrast and comparison
-Two points on contrast and two points on comparison

3. Abuse of power has led to failure of many countries in Africa and elsewhere in the world, with relevant examples from inheritance, Write an essay to illustrate this statement.

Introduction

Generally explain with example tied to the question on despotic nature of African Leaders.e.g in Africa there is massive corruption, extra judicial killing and
inefficiency which jeopardize the lives of the people.

Point of Interpretation

1. Lacuna Kasoo is a corrupt person; he collaborates with foreign investors and steals money Meant for development and stanches them in his account

2. Lacana Kasoo is lustful- This is because he wanted to forcefully marry lulu and even confines Her in his palace in preparation for marriage ceremony.

3. Lacana Kasoo is murderous- He plans to eliminate Bengo by sending Indah Zen Melo. He said that he has a thorn in his political side and therefore wants Indal to
pluck it out

4. Lacana Kasoo is dictatorial-This is portrayed where he orders Meshak to crush the dissidents Starve and impose a curfew to the citizens.

5. Lacana Kasoo is traitorous. He abuses power bestowed to him in order to lead the people much to the pleasure of his ancestors, he vehemently goes against the wishes of his people and Ancestors

Conclusion

Give the opinion i.e. Africa leaders should not emulate leaders like Lacana Kasoo Recap of the point discussed above.

Distribution of marks

Introduction (2 marks)
4 points x 3 marks each = (12 marks)
Conclusion 2 marks
Spelling : 1 mark
Punctuation: 1 mark
Sentence construction Correctly : 1 mark
Fluency 1 mark Total= 2+12+2+4= (20marks)

4. Misuse of power is a common phenomenon in most African countries. Basing your arguments on Inheritance by David Mulwa write an essay to support this statement

Introduction

Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. When individuals get power, it gets into their heads. Leaders tend to forget that they have ascended to power courtesy of the citizens and use the same privileges to look down and oppress their subjects. Basically they have no regard for the people who elected them to that point.

Body

Judah Zen Melo is kicked out of his work because he refuses to be involved in the killing of his brother Bengo, more so they take his land.

Chipande uses his influence as a councillor to buy Tamina's land on the mountains cheaply, for peanuts, and then he goes ahead to ensure that no one is given license to grow coffee for he fears competition.

Most people employed in Kutula government are Leader Lacuna's tribesmen and kinsmen. Tamina comments that Lacuna hasn't seen anyone else apart from his tribesmen. The manager at the mines where Zen Melo works as a gateman is a tribesman of Lacuna.

Lacuna sacks all employees and employs people from his tribe when he is confronted with protests and rebels against his leadership, in addition he declares martial law and a curfew so that he could track down the dissidents and rebels. He orders the killing of deserters.

Lacuna detains Lulu against her will at the palace. He kisses her forcefully and wants to marry her against her will.

Since he has power, Lacuna orders the removal of inhabitants of the valley such that the foreigners should occupy it. Goldstein wants to use his position to ensure that they benefit fully from the business arrangement with Kutula through the interests earned on the loans advanced to Kutula.

Lacuna lines his pocket with money as well as giving to his close supporters. This in appropriation of state resources is an abuse of office.

Conclusion

Any relevant conclusion.

5. Write an essay on the admirable character traits of King Kutula XV basing your arguments on the play, Inheritance by David Mulwa.

Introduction

The admirable character of King Kutula XV in the play enables the reader to enjoy the text, this helps to expound on the main issues in the play. His admirable character traits are exemplified.

Body

He is protective. He fiercely protects his countrymen from colonial exploitation He compares their relationship with the colonial masters to that of the proverbia freezing elephant and the farmer who could neither share the same hut nor see eve to eve He says he regrets the day their forefather agreed to cooperate with the colonial master. He says that all that he wants is stop the colonial exploitation of their land's minerals(gold, silver, oil and wants them to equally share the returns from the minerals instead of the current take all scenario.

He is humble. He deters the continued streaming of praises directed towards him fropm Mr. Thome's attendant's (pg. 6). New, naw, naw! Don't carry on my son. His mortal excellency doesn't understand a word you say?" He also respectably addresses Thorne Macay as Governor, and Menninger as Voice of God. He does also request to sit down after he is in the office of Thorne

He is wise. He appropriately uses proverbs in his speech. When urging Thorne to proceed in his speech he tells him, "It's a weak suitor who asks his new bride how to proceed." (pg 7). When probed about his people's breach of trust, he quickly brings in the analogy of the hare and the chameleon. (pg 8). He even accusses Thorne to have talked like a waterfall yet said nothing.

He is bold. On pg 7 he is presented as a most self-assured ruler with unnerving presence. He surveys Governor Thome's room with almost arrogant but deliberate disdain, selects a seat opposite the door and equally sits on it He reprimands Thome and reminds him that though he (Thome) is a governor, but in the soil on which he stands, elders dont bandy insults. He acknowledges to Thome that he aware of the countrywide uprising in his kingdom and slights the colonial mission of civilization and good will. Moreover, he warns Thorne that as long as the exploitation continues, Thome's people will continue to die and that they have nowhere to hide.

Conclusion

It is always good to stay focussed on your virtues for your own bettermen and the bettermen of the society at large.

Mark as follows
Any 4 well developed points 3:3:3
Award 2 marks for Introduction and 2 marks for conclusion
Award 4 marks grammar/Linguistic mark

6. The play, Inheritance, clearly brings out the opposite meaning of the saying that “Blood is thicker than water. ”Write an essay to justify this.

Introduction:

In life people tend to get much more attached to people who are related to them by blood. This is, however not always the case. The play brings out cases that appear to negate this.

Content

King Kutula XV is more attached and devoted to his adopted daughter Sangol. He moves around with her and it is known to many that she is the favourite one. This is even though he has a biological child.

Lacuna, who is the king's son, accepts to be used by Bishop Menninger to end his own father's life. Lacuna does this in a very cold way. As a leader, Lacuna locks his only sister Sangoi out of government and openly shows hostility to her. When he finally picks her to government he makes it clear that it was not his wish. Lacuna makes the lives of his own people very difficult. Under him the people suffer more than they did in the colonial era.

Conclusion

It is not always the case that the people close to you will be of help.

7. Inheriting a top seat without merit only invites ridicule from subjects. Write an essay showing how satire has been used in The Inheritance by David Mulwa.

Introduction

In the Inheritance, Mulwa exposes the vices in Kutula colony by Lacuna and his government in a rather exaggerated manner as discussed below.

Content

King Lacuna abuses power and takes advantages of his position to exploit and oppress his subjects. He orders the killing of anyone who opposes his leadership. He asked Juda Zen Melo to kill his brother Bengo who is an activist and a threat to his leadership. When he refuses, he faces the consequences by being sacked and evicted from the government house and his car is taken away. He is also forced to sell his farm to Lacuna's Cronies for peanuts and the wife is forced to work in the same farm to make ends meet.

His leadership is also satirized when he uses money meant for the country's economic grown for his own selfish gains. He buys an aircraft and deposits the rest in his own account in the same banks that lend the money.

His greed for power is highly satirized. It is ridiculous that he takes his father's life so that he can get to power. He colludes with the imperialists to poison his father so that he is installed the new king.

The imperialists are also satirized. Their despising and demeaning attitude towards the blacks is highly criticized. It is laughable that the financiers justify such conditions in the name of helping the people. It is expected that financiers would be sensitive and practical in their demands.

Others satirized include kings cronies like chiparde and government officials who worship him, and are ready to do anything to please him. Conclusion From the above discussion, it is quite clear that the author has satirized the poor leadership and the resulting predicaments.

Mark
Introduction 2
Condusion 2
Body 12 - Any 4 well illustrated points (3-3-3-3) = 12
Language 4
Total 20

8. “Lacuna represents the evil that bedevils our leaders. ”Write an essay to justify this using Inheritance by David Mulwa.

Introduction

Lacuna's evil nature is a reflection of the evil nature of most of the leaders of failed states.

Content

Lacuna is tribalistic as seen from the people he has appointed to key positions. This is also reflected in the army

Lacuna is very insensitive as he drives people from their homes to please the imperialists so as to get a loan.

Lacuna is brutal as he kills Judah Sen Melo to coerce his daughter Lulu to marry him.

He detains Lulu in the palace and also imprisons Daniel Goldstein and Robert Rollerstone.

Lacuna embezzles funds that he deposits in his own account and gives the rest to his cronies. He rules with an iron fist and insits on having his way and say.

Any other relevant.

Conclusion

Lacuna is a true reflection of a bad leader.

9. For the people of Kutula the colonial days were better. Using illustrations from David Mulwa’s play Inheritance write an essay discussing what could have gone wrong under Lacuna.

Introduction

At times independent African States find themselves in more leadership chaos than the case was during the colonial days. An example of such as State is Kutula in David Mulwa's Play Inheritance.

Content

Lacuna brings divisions worse than during the colonial period. He openly buys an aircraft because he does not wish to be associated
with his subjects whom he refers meanly.

There are unexplained deaths that can be associated with the people in government such is like the death of Judah Zen Melo.

Lacuna oppresses his people by making them work for longer hours for little pay.

Lacuna's leadership is greatly tribal. Lacuna is seen to have members of his tribe in key government positions and also in the military.

The government led by Lacuna has no development record to show. It has instead concentrated on making lives of few people better at the expense of the majority.

Conclusion

The independence government under Lacuna proves to be worse and more oppressive than the colonial establishment.

10. ‘Some leaders contribute to their own downfall. With close reference to Lucana and David Mulwa’s play, ’Inheritance’ Write a composition supporting this statement.

-Can be general, specific or general to contextualized. A definition of any term is not considered as an introduction. Accept any reasonable introduction Sample.

Introduction

Truly, some leaders are their own worst enemies. They lead to their own downfall by ruling with an iron fist, being corrupt, immoral and selfish. In so doing they have no one to blame but themselves. Lacuna is such a leader as portrayed in David Mulwa's play 'Inheritance'.

Body

1. Dictatorship.

Some leaders rule with an iron fist and this leads to their downfall. Lacuna is a dictator. He never takes 'no' for an answer in any of his advances(pg 43). He views everyone who goes against his wishes as an enemy, a dissenter, a contradictor and a show in the dark (pg 44). He even kills at will........"a snap of my fingers and heads could roll. (pg 65)When Juda Zen Melo disobeys Lacuna, no one wants to be associated with him pg 34). It takes a very long time for lacuna to forget it and it is only after this that he is able to get a job as a gate keeper (pg 34). To make matters worse, he later orders the killing of Judah(pg 108) after he tries to seduce his daughter, Lulu in vain. This Dictatorship is what makes his subject to hate him so much that when the idea of overthrowing him comes up, they are more than willing to make it successful.

2. Tribalism

Some leaders ruin their chances by practicing tribalism. Lacuna favours his tribesmen immensely. When Lulu asks her mother's to see Lacuna so that he can help with school fees, she declines and angrily puts it that for all the years that Lacuna has been in power, he has not seen anyone but his clansmen (pg 29,71). For anyone to get any meaningful employment in Kutula, they have to be from Lacunas tribe(pg71). Judah has to befriend lacuna's tribesman, Mithambo,a manager at the mine, for him to get to the position of machine operator (pg 34). This tribalism, which is a form of corruption, promotes poverty since people do not have equal opportunities. It makes them angry and consequently, they overthrow Lacuna.

3. Selfishness.

Some leaders are so selfish that they do not think of others but their stomachs. Little do they know that this becomes the beginning of their downfall. Lacuna borrows in the name of Kutula but only benefits himself. He takes huge loans and instead of using it to develop Kutula and help the citizen out of poverty, he stuffs most of it in his personal bank accounts in foreign counties. (pg 76) He goes ahead to buy an aircraft with this money that his subject have to sweat it out to repay (pg 72). The situation is so bad that he has to plead with the donors to give him another loan to service the interest of the one that has already been advanced to him (75). This selfishness does lacuna no good since finally, all the money he has hidden in his foreign accounts is transferred by Robert, a donor, as the donors seek to pay themselves part of the money that Kufula owes them (pg 110-111). Lacuna is left as nothing but a pauper and this makes almost lose his mind.

4. Immorality.

With money and power, some leaders become immoral. They tend to forget that all this is vanity and it will turn against them in the course of time. Lacuna is rather immoral. He wants to take lulu by force. After the remembrance ceremony, he detains her in his palace with the intention of marrying her. Although Lacuna is advised by Malipoa not to touch Lulu as it is against the custom, he says that customs are useless and that sometimes they must bow to national emergencies (pg 57). He goes on to seduce Lulu and decides that he is going to marry her, whether she likes it or not(pg 120) This kind of immorality is wrong. It makes Lulu's mother and Sangoi so angry that when time to overthrow Lacuna comes, none of them hesitates.

Accept any other relevant point-well explained and illustrated
Mark 3,3,3,3=12 mks

Conclusion-2 mks

In conclusion, it is clear that some leaders are the ones who contributes to their own downfall. Their behavior is what makes or breaks them. Every leader must knowledge the fact that they have a duty to their subjects and act accordingly.

11. With illustrations from David Mulwa’s ‘Inheritance’, write an essay explaining how moral decadence affects the society. (20marks)

Aspects of moral decadance

a) Greed and selfishness.

Leader Lacuna and his cronies use public resources to enrich themselves. Lacuna is greedy for power and this makes him kill his own father, King Kutula XU in order to become the leader of Kutula. Lucuna borrows moneys from foreign countries to use it for development of Kutula. However, he embezzles the money by buying an aircraft for personal use. He carelessly gives money to his cronies and deposits money in foreign accounts in Canada, Swiss, Luxemburg and Manhattan. This causes suffering to the people of Kutula. Due to his selfishness, Lucuna kills Judah Zen Melo for not to allowing him to Mary his daughter.

2. Oppression and exploitation.

Lucuna kasoo is an oppressive leader. He poisons his own father King Kutula XV. The people are forced to work without rest and they only rest when they are dead. The black man is sentenced to work for the white man till death. The leaders in power forcefully take people's property. Tamina loses her house, land and cars. Those who raise their voices to criticize the government are in danger of being killed. Judah Zen Melo is beaten up for refusing to kill his brother Bengo who is a critic of the government. Zea Melo cannot easily find a job since nobody is willing to employ him. His land is taken. Lulu is forcefully locked up at Lucuna's palace. He wants to make her his wife against her wish. There area lot of murder. Bango is jailed.

3. Corruption.

Lucuna borrows money meant for development but embezzels it. The people's sweat is poured in Lucina's porous pockets as he deposits public funds in his foreign banks. Bribery - Lucina wants to bribe to kill Bengo whom he considers a thorn in his leadership. The people are given handouts and this makes them sing praises to Lucina. They become blind to the truth. Lucina is nepotic: He favours his own tribesmen, kinsmen and concubines.

4. Abuse of office

Those in power disregard their subjects. They use their power to dismiss. Judah Zen Melo for refusing to kill his brother. Chipande uses his power to purchase Tamina's land at a very cheap prize. He later influences Lucina not to give anyone licence to grow coffee since he does not want competition. Lucina uses his power to employ his own tribesmen and kinsman. This is after he is confronted by the employees who protest and rebel against his leadership. He sacks them all and employs his people. Lucina uses his power to have people killed. He orders the killing of all deserters. He also uses his power to remove the inhabitants of the valley so that foreigners can occupy it. Lucina uses his power to arrest and lock up Lulu in his palace. He wants to marry her forcefully

5. Dictatorship/ Authoritarian.

Lucina takes over power forcefully after killing his own father, king Kutula XV. The leaders order the killing of people. The people are detained arbitrary. Lucina uses dictatorship to freeze employees salaries after his foreign accounts are emptied by Robert. He increases the tax of profits of companies and business and keeps it for himself.

6. Inefficiency:

The government as lead by Kutula do not do their work well. Lucina takes a loan meant to fund the mining of silver. He fails to follow up the money and production of silver. He does not care whether they are making a loss or a profit. When the production of silver reduces by 15%, Lucina is not aware. He only gives order without monitoring. Due to his inefficiency, Lucina, does not keep records of the...

12. “Depriving people of their dignity has far-reaching consequences.”validate this statement with close reference to the play, Inheritance

Drama- David Mulwa Inheritance

1. INTRODUCTION
   • Lacuna Kasoo has little regard for other people. His opinion is what matters, it carries the day and he does not entertain divergent views
   • His desires for lulu is unrivalled and stops at nothing but to manhandle her.
   • He also keeps grudges that would be executed with a lot of ruthlessness. In an effort to contain the famenting rebellion triggered by his coronation, many people are killed.
2. C1
   • Humiliation on leads resentment chipande uses his influence as acouncilor to buy Taminas land on the mountains. Tamina has to work on her former farm to pick coffe in order to fend for her family. This causes resentment among the people at the end they humble Chipande after Lacuna is overthrown
3. C2
   • Detention leads humiliation lulu is detained at the palace against her will. She is kissed forcefully and Lacuna plans to marry her against her will. This is what attracts Taminas ire that she slaps Lacuna after he is toppled by the rebels. The fact that he is even denied an opportunity to attend her fathers burial leads to the ultimate humiliation of Lacuna.
4. C3
   • Fear/death Judah Zen Mello is hunted down for refusing to kill his brother Romanus Bengo, a fierce critic of Lacuna. He is humiliated to a point that he can get gainful employment that he has to flee from home and lies low until he finds away into the mines as a security guard. His fate is sealed once it is discovered that he is working at the mines that the malfunctioning machines make a mine meat out of him. Ultimately the mines are recording fifteen percent drop in production and the mines are unnecessary burden on the tax payers.
5. C4
   • Frustration leads rebellion abolishing of all positions is quite embarrassing to employees that it deprive them of dignity and is against labor laws. Withholding of salariesearned is equally painful to employees . with reviewed status and no earnings, it is imperative to note that every one turns against Lacuna in a rebellion that topples his leadership.
6. C5
   • Confrontation Lacunas nerve to confront Reverend Sangoi with accusations of fermenting trouble through her pulpit teachings is quite uncouth of a leader. He relies on hearsay and does not look for evidence of these allegation. For a leader to bend that low is quite unacceptable. Hurling insults and casting as pensions on Reverend Sangoi is also unacceptable of a leader.
7. CONCLUSION
   • A people that have lost their all have nothing else to loose rather than fight for their souls. This is the position the people of Kutula find themselves in after being pushed by Lacuna Kasoo and his allies –overthrowing the evil regime is never an option for them.

13. “If you have bad leaders you suffer” Using Judah Zen Melo’s family in Inheritance, write an essay depicting the truth of the statement.

• Beating Juda senseless making him run away from home, he wonders looking for a job.
• Dispossessing Tamina from her coffee farm through Chipande and centralizing coffee farms making Tamina a labourer in her own farm.
• Raising school fees by introducing extra levies, making Lulu drop out of school.
• Choosing to confine Lulu in the palace during the late father’s commemoration ceremony, hoping to make her his virgin wife, he beliefs this would rejuvenate him and restore his youthfulness.
• Lacuna orders Juda’s death in order to have his way with Lulu.  He makes it look like an accident while working as a machine operator on the pretext that the machines gave in.
• Lacuna orders for centralization of all the water wells in Kutula in order to get another loan from the foreign financiers.  This has a huge devastating impact on Juda’s family as Tamina complains of how a drop of water is quite costly.

14. In order for a dictatorial government to be kept on check, the citizens must exhibit courage and sacrifice. With reference to David Mulwa’s Inheritance, write an essay to illustrate this statement.

Introduction

• Entrenched dictatorship is very difficult to bring to an end. However, this is possible when men and women of courage, determination and selflessness take the initiative to save the citizens.
• This is true of Kutula Republic in David Mulwa’s Inheritance where Lacuna Kasoo’s dictational regime in brought to an end.
  Any Other relevant introduction 2 marks
  1. Romanus Bengo
     • Has been detained for years due to being against Lacuna Kasoo’s bad leadership
     • He fights for the poor at the expense of his family – Tamina says “ You would have put your family a head of your politics” pg 21
     • He has been released and promises to change “Take up the fight where I left off when you can see better days a head for all, it is a crime not to sacrifice” pg 22
     • Lacuna wants to enlist the services of Bengo’s brother Zen Melo to eliminate him pg 23
     • Bengo’s selfless efforts see him assemble a team in the forest to overthrow
       Lacuna – “Group A and B converge as a greed. No weapons though……………” pg 124
     • He leads a revolution that overthrows Lacuna and installs Rev Sangoi as the new leader.
  2. Juda Zen Melo
     • Brother to Romanus Bengo
     • A party official
     • lacuna tries to bring him close to eliminate Bengo but he refuses “ I cannot betray my own blood, and the mother who bore me and him” pg 23
     • Lacuna sends thugs to attack him and they dumped his mangled body at the government house doorstep and his life saved by Dr. Jonathan.
     • Juda has been on the run for his life from town to town while his family suffers at home pg 34.
     • In the end Lacuna follows Zen Melo to the mines where he was working as a machine operator and kills him in arranged machine accident.
  3. Reverend Sangoi
     • Stands against her brother, Lacuna Kasoo’s bad rule
     • Lacuna make her minister for Reclamation and Remedies to facilitate the displacement of residents of Bukelenge valley
     • Works with Bengo to peacefully overthrow Lacuna pg 102 – 103.
     • She agrees to lead the people on the condition that after that the people will elect their own leader and allow her to go back to the pulpit.
     • She finally takes over with the promise of freedom.
  4. Tamina
     • Zen Melo’s wife
     • Has been always against Lacuna’s rule and refuses to allow Lulu her daughter to accompany the dance troupe to the palace.
     • She refuses to be compromised by Lacuna Kasoo when her husband had been killed in an arranged accident. She spat on the faces of Lacuna’s messengers and chased them away with a cooking spoon.
     • Taminas support Rev Sangoi’s revolution “Let their army come! ………………. we will stand behind you………. with our spades, hoes, doves and branches…………” pg 98
     • When Lulu is brought in during the takeover Tamina deliberately walks to Lacuna and slaps him hard across the cheek.
     • Tamina and Lulu drags a helpless Lacuna off the throne.
  5. The Citizens
     • They mobilise themselves everywhere to overthrow Lacuna in a peaceful way.
     • They are armed with no weapons but only hundreds of doves
     • The masses shout DOWN WITH LACUNA
     • Lacuna’s order to violently disperse them become.
       Relevant introduction 2 marks
       Expect any four well illustrated points
       mark 3: 3: 3: 3 12 marks
       Relevant Conclusion 2 marks
       Grammar and Presentation 4 marks
       20 marks

15. Closely referring to  David mulwa’s text inheritance, illustrate how most citizens in most African countries suffer because of the behaivour of their leaders.  (20 marks)

Accept:
General
Both general and contextual
An outline/ summary (2 mks)
Accept any relevant introduction

1. Most leaders engage in senseless extra judicial killings to silence their opponents. Kasoo organizes for Judah to betray his brother and when he refuses, he is exterminated.
2. They suffer from poverty. Basic commodities are not easy to find due to leaders poor planning and not prioritizing country’s needs
3. They exploit the masses by manipulation for example: Chipande , Kasoo buys off Tamina’s coffee farm for a pittance. He becomes the only licensed coffee farmer so as to wardoff competition in the sector.
4. Most leaders have plunged their countries to poverty by incurring huge debts by overborrowing in the name of the country and stashing borrowed cash in the same accounts abroad ( Lakuna Kasoo)
5. Most leaders are lustful and constantly harassing women for sexual advance like Lulu a young girl whom Kasoo lusts suffers when detained in the palace.
6. Leaders make life for the conman very expensive hence basic amenities like education are out of reach for the masses in Kutula, Lakuna kasoo raises school levies leading to school dropout like Lulu.

Expect any four well illustrated points
Mark3:3:3:3
Conclusion
In conclusion, leaders should not be selfish but should selflessly serve their subjects by working for the benefit of their subjects for that is what their mandate is.
Accept any other relevant conclusion. ( 2mks)

16. ‘Citizens suffer due to bad leadership’ Write an essay showing the truth of this statement from David Mulwa’s: ‘Inheritance’.

INTRODUCTION (2MKS)
Citizens of Kutula suffer because bad leadership from Lacuna, who misuses power and public resources to enrich himself while his subjects suffer total poverty, unemployment ,affliction and oppression among others.( Accept any other relevant introduction

CONTENT 12mks

1. Dam – Lacuna’s poor leadership is exhibited when he comes up with the idea of the construction of the dam which ends up causing the citizens of Kutula misery. Together with leaders such as Chipande they bring machines to construct a dam at the Bukelenge valley . Since it is a bad move some citizens such as Reverend Sangoi protest but the uprising yields no fruit. Initially , the dam held half the water expected so canals and brooks were channeled to the dam. The valley became dry, citizens such as Tamina have to walk for 15 km from sunrise to mid-day and back by sunset just to get the precious commodity.
2. unlawfull detention- Poor leadership cause agony to citizens when they are detained unlawfully or for no legal reason. Bengo suffers greatly , he is imprisoned for 20 years since he opposed Lacuna’s leadership . Lacuna had tried to get rid of Bengo by asking Judah to prove his loyalty by killing Bengo but he refused as blood was thicker than water. Lacuna does not take no for an answer and Judah is beaten almost to death and were it not for Dr. Jonathan Judah would have died. Later Judah has to run away from Kutula and roams around looking for elusive jobs. Out of desperation he denounces God and bribes the the manager by buying him drinks and using fake certificates to get the job as machine operator. Tamina is later informed by Sangoi that Judah died at the mines due to faulty machines but the truth is later revealed by Robert .Lacuna detains Judah’s daughter at the palace without her consent and tries to convince her to accept his marriage proposal but being principled she refuses. Lulu suffers both emotionally and physically in the hands of Lacuna.
3. Killings – Citizens of Kutula suffer due to bad leadership of Lacuna who rules with an iron fist. During his coronation the natives grumbled that they were crowning the wrong leader. Those who complained mysteriously disappeared . During the climax of the uprising and peacefull demonstration Lacuna orders that all dissidents be shot on site and a martial law was immediately enforced plus a 100% taxation on any company making profits. A citizen like Tamina could not afford a meal a day. She preferred King Kutula’s reign.
4. poverty- Under Lacuna’s leadership the citizens of Kutula live in poverty while he buys himself aa personal jet and lives lavishly at the palace. Tamina’s family suffers greatly when their government house and cars are taken away when Judah refuses to prove his loyalty to Lacuna by killing Bengo his brother and a political activist against Lacuna’s men i.e Chipande for very little money. Licence to grow is forced to work on the same piece of land for very little money and cannot even afford to pay Lulu’s school fees in her fourth year in secondary school. Lulu is so desperate and even argues with mother concerning their poverty state. Lulu’s threatens to even use her body to study and become a doctor like Reverend Sangoi husband . Lacuna’s leadership does spare the youth who are the future of Kutula.

CONCLUSION( 2mks)
In conclusion, bad leadership results in nothing but agony to citizens. Citizens should therefore elect their leaders wisely.
AWARD 2:3:3:3:3:2 + 4MKS Language = 20 mks

Alt: 

Introduction
The citizens suffer because of bad leadership. Lacuna Kasoo is a dictator who demands to be obeyed. Those who refuse to obey him are incarcerated and killed. Those who oppose him, like Bengo, are imprisoned.
Accept any other introduction 2marks

Points of interpretation

• Si: Bengo
  Lacuna asks Judah Zen Melo to kill his brother Bengo because Bengo is opposing him. When Judah refuses, he is put out by Lacuna and he cannot get employment. His family suffers in his absence as Tamina his wife cannot make ends meet.
• Sii: Subjects
  Bad leadership causes suffering because Lacuna refuses to give licenses to farmers and they cannot grow or sell their products. He then buys the land cheaply and other people work on their farms as slaves. Lacuna employs people from his clan even when they are uneducated because he wants loyalty even if it is at the expense of efficiency. As a leader, Lacuna stashes away money in foreign accounts and the people are charged high taxes in order to repay the loans that he enjoys with his ministers and councilors.
• Siii: Foreigners
  Lacuna gives the imperialists a dam and the people spend a whole day getting a little amount of the precious commodity from the dam.
• Siv: Lulu
  Lacuna wants to marry Lulu forcefully because, as a leader, he assumes that he can do whatever he wants. He even has Lulu’s father murdered and this causes Tamina and Lulu untold suffering.
  3:3:3:3=12 points

Conclusion
Bad leadership brings a lot of suffering to the citizens. They lack food and basic necessities like water, they lose their loved like Tamina and Lulu, ‘they also lose their property; this causes disillusionment among the people.
Accept any other valid conclusion 2marks

17. A leader’s shortcomings can cause untold suffering to the subjects. Write a composition on this statement basing your illustrations on the character of Lacuna Kasoo in David Mulwa’s The Inheritance.

Any relevant introduction

• Greed and selfishness
  Leader Lacuna and his cronies use public resources to enrich themselves. Lacuna is greedy for power and this makes him kill his own father. King Kutula XV in order to become the leader of Kutula. Lucuna borrows moneys from foreign countries to use it for development of Kutula. However, he embezzles the money by buying an aircraft for personal use. He careiessl gives money to his cronies and deposits money in foreign accounts in Canada, Swiss, Luxemburg and Manhattan. This causes suffering to the people of Kutula. Due to his selfishness. Lucuna kills Judah Len Melo for not to allowing him to Mary his daughter.
• Oppression and exploitation.
  Lacuna kasoo is an oppressive leader. He poisons his own father King Kutula XV. The people are forced to work without rest and they only rest when they are dead. The black man is sentenced to work for the white man till death. The leaders in power forcefully take people’s property. Tamina loses her house, land and cars. Those who raise their voices to criticize the government are in danger of being killed. Judah Zen Melo is beaten up for refusing to kill his brother Bengo who is a critic of the government. Zen cannot easily find a job since nobody is willing to employ him. His land is taken. Lulu is forcefully locked up at Lacuna’s palace. He wants to make her his wife against her wish. Bango is jailed.
• Corruption.
  Lacuna borrows money meant for development but embezzles it. The peoples sweat is poured in Lucina’s porous pockets as he deposits public funds in his foreign banks. Bribery - Lacuna wants to bribe to kill Bengo whom he considers a thorn in his leadership. The people are given handouts and this makes them sing praises to Lacuna. They become blind to the truth. Lacuna is nepotic: He favours his own tribesmen, kinsmen and concubines.
• Abuse of office
  Those in power disregard their subjects. They use their power to dismiss Judah Zen Melo for refusing to kill his brother. Chipande uses his power to purchase Tamina’s land at a very cheap price. He later influences Lacuna not to give anyone licence to grow coffee since he does not warn competition. Lacuna uses his power to employ his own tribesmen and kinsmen. This is after he is confronted by the employees who protest and rebel against his leadership. He sacks them all and employs his people. Lacuna uses his power to have people killed. He orders the killing of all deserters. He also uses his power to remove the inhabitants of the valley so that foreigners can occupy it. Lacuna uses his power to arrest and lock up Lulu in his palace. He wants to marry her forcefully. He also has Judah killed.
• Dictatorship/Authoritarian.
  Lacuna takes over power forcefully after killing his own father, king Kutula XV. The leaders order the killing of people. The people are detained arbitrary. Lacuna uses dictatorship to freeze employees’ salaries after his foreign accounts are emptied by Robert. He increases the tax of profits of companies and business and keeps it for himself.
• Inefficiency:
  The government as led by Lacuna does not do its work well. Lacuna takes a loan meant to fund the mining of silver. He fails to follow up the money and production of silver. He does not care whether they are making a loss or a profit. When the production of silver reduces by 15%, Lacuna is not aware. He only gives order without monitoring. Due to his inefficiency, Lacuna, does not keep records of the mines proceeds. Machines are not serviced or new ones bought.
  Any valid conclusion

18. “People do not always turn out the way they appear to be.” Closely referring to David Mulwa’s Inheritance show the truth of this statement.  (20 mks)

Introduction
People have a subtle way of camouflaging to conceal their true self. Many of these people appear kind, honest or display any other admirable character yet in other areas they are despicable people who need help. This is the unfortunate case of many characters in the play Inheritance.

Body

Bishop Menninger comes across as a man of God. As a Christian and a leader in the church, he is expected to live true to the Christian teachings and observe the teachings rather than just professing them. This does not happen for his evil nature is seen when he manipulates Lacuna Kasoo into hatching a scheme to eliminate the late King Kutula XV on the grounds of hindering progress. He advises Lacuna Kasoo to poison his father, King Kutula XV claiming ‘… it was time to bring Kutula back to dignity’. The Bishop should uphold the sanctity of human life. This is confirmed by Lacuna when he says ‘…I must do it for the future…Menninger says so standing in the courtyard…’pg 68
Thorne Macay and Bishop Menninger tell King Kutula XV that they have the interest ‘of his people at heart’. Yet these are the same leaders that connive with the naïve Lacuna Kasoo to eliminate his father. By sanctioning the death of King Kutula and installing in his place Lacuna Kasoo, they betray the very people they purport to care for by having a bad leader take up power. They assume that since King Kutula is an advocate of his people’s rights, they would rather have Lucuna Kasoo who appears enthusiastic about cooperating with the empire pg14-15.
It is the height of hypocrisy for lacuna Kasoo to pretend that he is holding a commemoration of king KutulaXV yet he is the one who poisoned him to death. All the fanfare,dances,speeches and related activities are meant to trick the people that he is really mourning a great man. No wonder he would want to give himself a new lease of life through marrying Lulu, a high school student.

Goldstein pretends to care about Kutula citizens yet he advises Lacuna to restructure the public service leading to massive unemployment. He also advises that the wages should be kept low with the run-away inflation and the rising cost of living. These actions can only stir riots and civil unrest that would ultimately lead to change of regime in Kutula. He further advises that the working hours be extended which would be unfair to the citizens.

Conclusion
From the discussion above, it is clearly evident that people are quite deceptive in that their words do not match their deeds.

19. Closely referring to David Mulwa’s text Inheritance, illustrate how  most citizens in most African countries suffer because of the behaviour of their leaders. (20 mks)

Accept any relevant introduction

1. Most leaders engage in senseless extra judicial killings to silence their opponents. Kasoo organizes for Judah to betray his brother and when he refuses, he is exterminated.
2. They suffer from poverty. Basic commodities are not easy to find due to leaders poor planning and not prioritizing country’s needs
3. They exploit the masses by manipulation for example: Chipande , Kasoo buys off Tamina’s coffee farm for a pittance. He becomes the only licensed coffee farmer so as to wardoff competition in the sector.
4. Most leaders have plunged their countries to poverty by incurring huge debts by overborrowing in the name of the country and stashing borrowed cash in the same accounts abroad ( Lakuna Kasoo)
5. Most leaders are lustful and constantly harassing women for sexual advance like Lulu a young girl whom Kasoo lusts suffers when detained in the palace.
6. Leaders make life for the conman very expensive hence basic amenities like education are out of reach for the masses in Kutula, Lakuna kasoo raises school levies leading to school dropout like Lulu.
   Expect any four well illustrated points
   Mark3:3:3:3

Conclusion
In conclusion, leaders should not be selfish but should selflessly serve their subjects by working for the benefit of their subjects for that is what their mandate is.
Accept any other relevant conclusion. ( 2mks)

20. With illustrations from David Mulwa's, "Inheritance," write an essay to illustrate the following statement. (20marks)
"Corruption and inefficiency breed revolt."

INTRODUCTION
Inefficiency in government offices coupled with corrupt practices deny citizens government services and opportunities they deserve. Following such frustrations, many, especially the youth, revolt to show their displeasure. In the set text, inheritance by David Mulwa, Juda Zen Melo's sons are some of the young people who join forces with others to rebel against the corrupt government of Lacuna Kazoo under their uncle Bengo and Sangoi.

BODY

• People are organized under Bengo and Sangoi, and many have joined them including those who were initially sceptical, pg 98.
• The rebels are everywhere. They are planted in government institutions, churches as well as homes and key positions, pg 102.
• Chipande has acquired land that belonged to ordinary citizens by paying peanuts. Further more, he gets a licence from Lacuna that makes him a monopoly producer of coffee thereby denying the peasants the right to cultivate coffee. This escalates citizens anger and desperation leading to revolt, pg 29.
• Lacuna has been in power for long but he has never known anyone apart from his clansmen, and a bevy of concubines. This promotes nepotism and tribalism. Those denied their rightful share of the national cake, resort to organizing revolt against leader Lacuna Kazoo,pg 29.
• Lacuna entrenches tribalism and nepotism. People are hired despite their educational ability which in turn entrenches inefficiency. Promotion is based on whom they can trust with their safety. Such actions on the part of government officials, push citizens to rebel against the government,pgs 95,96.

CONCLUSION
Corruption and inefficiency create despondency, desperation and anger that lead to uprising and revolution with unimaginable consequences to those who oppress others.

21. To the people of Kutula, life was probably better when they faced colonial challenges. Illustrate this claim with reference to David Mulwa, play The Inheritance. 

Introduction 
At times life can be better when there is something to hope for. When that hope is robbed away, and its place dominated by serious leadership chaos, pain and frustration creeps in, and this is the sad state of Kutula people in David Mulwa’s Play Inheritance.

Content

• Lacuna brings divisions worse than during the colonial period. He openly buys an aircraft because he does not wish to be associated with his subjects whom he refers meanly.
• There are unexplained deaths that can be associated with the people in government such is like the death of Judah Zen Melo.
• Lacuna oppresses his people by making them work for longer hours for little pay.
• Lacuna’s leadership is greatly tribal. Lacuna is seen to have members of his tribe in key government positions and in the military.
• The government led by Lacuna has no development record to show. It has instead concentrated on making lives of few people better at the expense of the majority.

Conclusion

• The independence government under Lacuna proves to be worse and more oppressive than the colonial establishment

22. The author presents Kutula as republic as a society confronted by tyranny. Discuss this using the Play Inheritance by David Mulwa. (20mks)

King Lacuna abuses power and takes advantage of his position to exploit and oppress his subjects.

• Unlawful sacking of workers. When Juda refuses, he faces the consequences by being sacked and evicted from the government house and his car is taken away. He is also forced to sell his farm to Lacuna’s cronies for peanuts and the wife is forced to work in the same farm to make ends meet.
• People are brutally murdered as Lakuna orders the killing of anyone who opposes his leadership.
  He asks Juda Zen Melo to kill his brother Bengo who is an activist and a threat to his leadership. After many days of job searching, Juda gets a job as a machine operator in one of the silvers factories, but he is killed while operating the machine.
  His greed for power makes him kill his father. It is ridiculous that he takes his father’s life so that he can get to power. He colludes with the imperialists to poison his father so that he is installed the new king.
• Embezzlement of funds from the public coffer. Lakuna embezzles funds meant for public use. His leadership is also satirized when he uses money meant for the country’s economic growth for his own selfish gains. He admits having bought himself an aircraft with loans advanced to him in the name of his subjects. It is ironical and unbelievable that he justifies that action by saying that he cannot be at the same level with his subjects and that he has to soar above them and their complaints and hatred.
• To make matters worse, he deposits the remaining money in his own accounts in the same banks that lend the money. His is the highest level of impunity and when the financiers force him to pay the loans, he swears that he will make his subjects pay for him so that he remains in power.
• Corruption is evident in Kutula. Lacuna is also corrupt and practices nepotism. The subjects are aware that for you to get a job, you must know or be of the king’s tribesmen; otherwise, getting a job will remain elusive.
• Appointments are also made politically and those given the jobs must pledge their loyalty by giving a kick back and their positions will remain secure regardless of their performance. He collects 30 per cent of what the ministries get as a sign of their loyalty and in return their positions are guaranteed.
• People are forced to do certain things against their wish. Lakuna Kasoo forces everyone to attend the commemoration of his father, declaring it a public holiday.
  After the celebrations, he forces Lulu to entertain him and he swears to make her his second wife, with or without her consent. When she refuses to toe the line, she is detained in his palace for days and denied the opportunity to attend her father's funeral.
• There is forceful eviction as Lacuna Kasoo also orders the eviction of the natives from the valley to create room for foreigners to occupy it and make it productive for their own selfish gain. All he cares about is the continued financial gains from the foreigners at the expense of the welfare his own people. He even orders drastic action to be taken against those who resist. By doing this, the citizens will be made homeless and they will be enslaved and they will live at the mercy of the foreigners who will benefit from the produce.
• There is imposition of labour laws that are oppressive to the people. Lacuna Kasoo conspires with the colonialists to cut down on employment and quadruple production of the exports by making them work long hours and on lower wages.

23. A selfish leaders governance negatively affects the subject referring closely to the play, write an essay on how Lucuna’s leadership affects the people of Kutula.

She feels that God cannot be present and allow such kind of poor leadership that, harms its people “How can he live in a place like this ?

We are alone mama. Alone, you have prayed sinceI was small and only the dusty winds answer you. No! I shall do it myself if you won’t do it. Page 30.

She sees God has let her down by allowing such leadership of Lacuna and she “will use my beauty then I must complete school and be somebody.

In any way, mama anyway p.g 31
Any other valid point mark 3:3:3:3 =12mks
Grammar and presentation 4mks

CONCLUSION
Leaders, should take good care of citizens, protect their property and avoid all vices that make the citizens lives difficult. 

24. Basing your arguments on Inheritance by David Mulwa, show how citizens can influence their own governance.

Introduction
An oppressed people will at some point find ways and means to be heard and liberate themselves. The people of Kutula through characters like Bengo and Sangoi stage an uprising against the oppressive regime led by Lacuna.

Illustrations

• People in Kutula decide how they will be governed. Bengo refuses to be governed by Lacuna and forms an opposition. He mobilizes the people to rebel against bad governance. The people want a leader who does not oppress them and one who does not shed innocent blood.
• The people have had enough of oppression and dictatorship and they rebel against the leadership of Lacuna. They choose their own leaders to lead them to revolt. Bukelenge occupants organize a peaceful march carrying doves. The army has no reason to hurt them. They do not use weapons as they do not want any bloodshed.
• The people have support from all tribes including some of Lacuna's supporters. They are planning to get Lacuna out of the palace from the inside and with no weapons. Bengo and the leaders do not want bloodshed and they insist on unity if they want to win. They choose a Sangoi, a spiritual leader and a leader who chooses peace. In doing so, they are in charge of their governance. Bengo is also a patriot and does not want any bloodshed in the process of liberating the people.
• Authority is given to people who have fought bad governance like Bengo. These people know the way to govern the people as they have fought bad leaders like Lacuna Kasoo. They lead the people peacefully to get what they want without violence.

Conclusion
The people choose the leaders that they want and the way to be led. Bengo and Sangoi lead the people to rebel but no weapons are used. They are still able to remove Lacuna from power.

25. ‘In whatever you do, whether good or bad expect a pay.’ Write a composition in support of the statement using illustrations from the Drama, Inheritance.

Introduction
What goes around comes around. /Such characters as Lacuna Kasoo, Chipande, Reverend Sangoi and the colonialists receive a pay for their actions. / Leaders who are loved like Rev. Sangoi are rewarded with good smile while Lacuna who is ruthless is rewarded accordingly.

• Colonialists
  P3,5 - The colonialists who had occupied Kutula by forcefully grabbing the natives’ land (p8) are forcefully/violently overthrown. They accused the natives of breach of trust – attacking farms, factories, and businesses – leaders walk tails tucked p.46. Thorne complains about colonial office banning the use of whip on natives. He refers to them as idiots. Meninger says African natives are full of utter confusion. Kutula natives rise against the colonial government leading to independence. They are forced out without Kutula paying their debt. (p135-136) They are embarrassed.
• Lacuna’s brutality
  Lacuna who leads Kutula with iron fist (p15,41,45, 49) is overthrown by the citizens (p132, 133, 136) and leadership handed over to Rev. Sangoi. Many people who felt that Sangoi was more qualified for leadership post than him disappeared mysteriously. He is inhuman and corrupt and he oppresses the people. He too gets his dues accordingly. He takes loans and makes the people pay very high taxes. He oppresses them and uses martial law to rule them as he is the commander in Chief (p115). He puts people who are illiterate in offices just because they are his clansmen. (The overthrowing of Lacuna must come out.)
• Tamina’s land
  Chipande forces Tamina to sell her land in Bukelenge to him for peanuts but later suffers for it. He also makes sure no one gets licence to grow coffee. She is forced to be a casual laborer at the farm. Chipande is accused of taking all farms on the mountains after the exit of whites – (p24, 29). When Lacuna’s government is overthrown, Chapande, Lacuna and Malipoa are seized and confined amid cheering and jeers – embarrassment - as they wait to face charges for their crimes.
  (The underlined parts, if well brought out will allow the candidate transit to a fair)
• Lulu
  Lacuna who forcefully takes Lulu Zen Melo, a school girl as his second wife is dethrone. She is rescued from confinement within the palace during the revolution. She refuses to marry him. When she is free, she slaps him for confining her against her wish for one month. P. 117, 118, 119, 120-121, 129-130
  (Without slap, do award beyond a thin) 
• Leadership
  Sangoi who does good to the people of Kutula is repaid with leadership and love by the people. During the commemoration they shout down Lacuna and ask Sangoi to be their rightful leader. The elderly leader even addresses Sangoi as the president and swore his unwavering loyalty. He forces the school children to sing his praises yet he knows that the people do not like him. Eventually, they choose her to lead them into rebelling against Lacuna Kasoo as she is still a good leader.

Conclusion
In conclusion, no good or bad goes unpaid.

26. ‘Lacuna represents the evil in our African leaders’ Write an essay to justify this using ‘Inheritance’. (20mks)

Sample Introduction.
Some people are not satisfied with what they have and want more all the time as illustrated by Leo Tolstoy’s main character Pahom.

Content.

• Pahom had a farm and a house but wanted more.He had 123 acres of land and pasture.As he farmed the number of cattle kept increasing. He had thought that this land was not enough he wanted wider and more futile. He would constantly ask himself how can he have more land?
• He was easily convinced to go buy land from the Bashkirs .A passing dealer tells him there is cheap land in the land of Bashkirs and Pahom thinks he has to go there and buy the land. He enquired how to get to Bashkir and buys many presents in the market . He started on the journey and took his servant with him.
• Pahom could not sleep thinking of the land he would acquire. He thought if he walked the whole day what a large track of land he will mark off. As he thought of this he lay awake all night. When he was shown the tracks of land hios eyes glistered there was a wide land infront of his eyes. He thought of how he would get the best land above all the people.
• Pahom bit more than he could chew. He tried to get more land but his body could not sustain walking. He kept walking without thinking , he felt serious pain but pressed on, he threw away his coat ,his shoes,his flask and cap.When he could not stand the fatigue any more his legs gave way beneath him and he fell forward. He eventually dies after straining to get more land.

Conclusion.
It is out of greed and obsession to get more land that Pahom dies tragically.
Award 2:3:3:3:3:2 Language 4mks( Total mks 20)

27. “Nothing good comes easy” Using illustrations from David Mulwa’s Inheritance, show how true this is.

There’s a belief that peace can only be achieved through violence. When faced with danger, the only recourse is violence. This is well illustrated in the play inheritance by David Mulwa. (2mks)

(Accept any other valid introduction)

• The people of Kutula got their independence through violence. There was insurrection, supported by king Kutula as he so readily admits, that targeted the whites and their property. The king explains that nothing will stop the people’s quest for independence. The Kutula people achieve independence through violence.
• After independence the hopes and dreams last for a few years. They had peace as they had food to eat and were totally debt free. When lacuna murders the king, their dreams end. He is cruel, selfish dictator with overwhelming greed. He jails those who resist his rule like Bengo and makes it impossible for others to earn a living like Judah.
• When things go wrong for Lacuna, his only re course is violence. Over the years he has bought the loyalty of his supporters, He advises Meshak that he should enlist men who would even guard his sheep. He believes that as long as he has the support of the army, he is safe. When trouble breaks out, Lacuna orders Meshak to shoot the resistors and demonstrators.
• When the rebels meet, the young among them feel that they should use violence. They feel that the pleas for peaceful resistance are what have kept the people oppressed for long. When the country is unable to pay up the debts the colonialists show their faces. In amazing show of subservience, Goldstein’s ascends to the throne and Lacuna becomes a groveling servant at Goldstein’s feet.
• The revolution changes things. The puppet is deposed and the people make it clear that they do not consider themselves indebted to the whites. The loan have been procured by Lacuna were his personal business and the creditors should know because it was an individual who borrowed and misappropriated the funds. The people make a choice to have Sangoi and the white men have been told the truth and things are looking up.
  Mar 3:3:3:3.

Conclusion
In conclusion we can say that good kings must be taught for just like true independence of the people of Lacuna. (2mks)
(Accept any valid conclusion) .

28. Using examples from Mulwa’s play, Inheritance, write an essay to show that as a leader you cannot fool people all the time.

Introduction
If you are leader of any sort and you think that your subjects are easily deceived you may be in for a rude shock.
(Accept any relevant introduction) 2marks

ILLUSTRATIONS

• Lacuna Kasoodiverts donor funds to personal use and stashes some in his own personal accounts. He uses the money to buy himself a personal jet claiming that he cannot crawl like his subjects but to fly above them. When the financiers visit him his foreign accounts are frozen and this makes him even more desperate.
• Lacuna sacks Juddah from his prime government job when he refuses to kill Bengo his brother on an account that he is leading an opposition against him. He dispossesses Juddah making him resort to a life of squalor and poverty. When he learns that Juddah has a job at the theKasoo Mines, he organizes his death but camouflages it under a freak accident. Lulu and Tamina learn of the untimely death of their father and put up a spirited onslaught against Lacuna’s leadership.
• Lacuna increases taxation by 100% and orders that the money be deposited in his personal bank account. This is because he wants to rebuild new wealth after his accounts have been frozen. Instead of making him happy, this decision irks the subject who resolve to an insurrection that sees him finally toppled.
• Leader Kasoo organizes the late father’s commemoration ceremony which is an annual event with the sole aim of getting a virgin to “rejuvenate himself”. At the end of the ceremony he detains Lulu in the palace with the sole intention of making him his wife. He cajoles the mother Tamina with rewards such as a piece of land in the Bukelenge Valley. He kills Juddah with the intention of coercing Lulu into submission but it fails. In the end the young lass slaps him- a humiliating feat for a leader of his standing.
• Kasoo despises Sangoi. He claims that she doesn’t know who her mother was and that she doesn’t belong. This does not stop the masses from recognizing her efforts. They finally crown her their leader.
• The leader of Kutula detains Bengo with the hope that he would suppress dissent from any quarter. He paints Bengo in a negative light as the enemy of the government and by extension the people’s enemy. This does not stop Bengo from teaming up with the like-minded people like Sangoi to bring about the much needed change to their people.
• Kasoo recruits his relatives into the armed forces hoping to please them and use them to suppress revolt against his leadership. This does not work. Force fails to stand against a united front.
  (Accept any 4 well illustrated points. Mark 4;4;4;4. Total 12marks)
  Grammar and Presentation. 4marks

Conclusion

 When a leader thinks that he is more cunning than his subjects he may have to confront stiff opposition from those he undermines.
(Accept any other valid conclusion) 2marks

29. Pretenders are worse than murderers. Write an essay to show the truthfulness of this statement basing you answer to Inheritance by David Mulwa.

INTRODUCTION
In the society, some people may pretend to have moral standard or opinion that they do not actually have. This is a situation we find many characters in the play Inheritance.
Or
Most people in any society may pretend that everything is alright, yet they do know that something is wrong.this is what David Mulwa demonstrates in his play The Inheritance.
Lacuna pretends to honour King Kutula xv during his commemoration. He says ‘lets always remember with gratitude what my father the king did for us. On your behalf I shall now walk to the Royal grave to pay our continued National respects.’ Yet he was the one who killed the King in order to pave way for his leadership.
Lucuna also pretends that Judah’s death was as a result of faulty machines but he is the one who arranged his killing. We get to know this from Robert’s words. It was Murder for poor Judah, not the age of the machines as you would like the world to believe?
Bishop Menninger calls himself a man of God and teaches and adheres to the teachings of Christianity, but he is involved in plotting and poising of King Kutula xv. “……..it was time to bring Kutula back to dignity ……….” “ ……… An then it happened ……. I must do it for her future… Menninger say so ……….”
Goldstein pretend to care about Katula citizens yet he advices Lacuna to reduce the work force, thus creating unemployment, more so the wages should be kept low, While the working hours are to be extended. This is unfair to the citizens. He also tricks Lacuna into taking loans and advices him to take drastic actions which will only benefit themselves “you will nationalize that valley and we shall occupy it.”
Meshack, the commander of Katula’s armedforces, is hypocritical. He pretend to be so much supportive to King Lacuna yet, we know that he is against his rush decisions. “ I know sir. Its hard to be a leader like you.” He flees for his life without notifying his master, when he sees that his end has come.
Thorne Macay and Bishop Menninger tell King Kutula xv that they have the interest ‘of his people at heart but behind his back, they plot his killing leading to the citizens of Kutula being left in the hands of a bad leader as Lacuna. They see that King Kutula xv doesn’t serve their interest, thus thinking Lacuna will serve their interest better.
In conclusion Lacuna, Goldenstein, Meshak, Bishop Menninger and Thorne are all hypocritical.

30. “Using David Mulwa’s play Inheritance, write an essay showing how Lacuna Kasoo’s poor leadership has been ridiculed.

Introduction

• African countries rug behind in development due to poor leadership in the play by David Mulwa the writer exposes the weaknesses of Lacuna Kasoos leader which has lead to suffering and under development In Kutula.

Body

• Firstly Lacuna is portrayed as a dictator. Those who fall out with him are ruthlessly silenced either through imprisonment like Bengo or through murder like in the case of Judah Zen Melo.
• Lacuna also uses his position as a leader to enrich himself at the expense of the citizen of his country. He uses money ment for development of the country to buy himself an aeroplane . He staces the rest of the money in foreign accounts.
• Lacuna is a leader who suffers from sexual greed. Despite having a wife, Melisa, he still wants to marry a girl, Lulu, who is only fit to be his daughter. He goes to an extent of trying to marry her forcefully when she refuses his advances.
• Lucanas inefficiency as a leader also makes his cronies to exploit the citizens Chipande buys land cheaply from the people e.g Tamina and uses the same people to work in the same land for his own profit. He has also diverted the rivers to his irrigation project reading to shortage of water.
• His leadership also benefits foreigners rather than the citizen. He prefers to work with foreigners like Goldstain and Robert instead of his fellow countrymen.
• He uses murder to silence those who oppose his orders. He organizes for Judah’s murder when he refuses to kill his brother Bengo who is Lacunas political enemy.

Conclusion

• Lacuna’s leadership seem to live so many weaknesses which have lead to under development in his country and suffering of the masses.

31. Misuse of power is a common phenomenon in most African countries. Basing your arguments on Inheritance by David Mulwa write an essay to support this statement

Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely. When individuals get power, it gets into their heads. Leaders tend to forget that they have ascended to power courtesy of the citizens and use the same privileges to look down and oppress their subjects. Basically they have no regard for the people who elected them to that point.

• Judith Zen Melo is kicked out of his work because he refuses to be involved in the killing of his brother Bengo, more so they take his land.
• Chipande uses his influence as a councillor to buy Tamina’s land on the mountains cheaply, for peanuts, and then he goes ahead to ensure that no one is given license to grow coffee for he fears competition.
• Most people employed in Kutula government are Leader Lacuna’s tribesmen and kinsmen. Tamina comments that Lacuna hasn’t seen anyone else apart from his tribesmen. The manager at the mines where Zen Melo works as a gateman is a tribesman of Lacuna.
• Lacuna sacks all employees and employs people from his tribe when he is confronted with protests and rebels against his leadership, in addition he declares martial law and a curfew so that he could track down the dissidents and rebels. He orders the killing of deserters.
• Lacuna detains Lulu against her will at the palace. He kisses her forcefully and wants to marry her against her will.
• Since he has power, Lacuna orders the removal of inhabitants of the valley such that the foreigners should occupy it. Goldstein wants to use his position to ensure that they benefit fully from the business arrangement with Kutula through the interests earned on the loans advanced to Kutula.
• Lacuna lines his pocket with money as well as giving to his close supporters. This in appropriation of state resources is an abuse of office.

32. “Colonial rule is harsh towards the natives.” Write an essay to support this assertion with illustrations from David mulwa’s Inheritance.

Points of interpretation

• White colonial masters live lavishly at the expense of the natives who serve them as slaves.
• The natives are oppressed, through King Kutula we learn that the natives live according to the rules of the white and have no say in running the affairs that directly affect them.
• The colonialists grab tracts of land from the natives for agriculture, mining and settlement thus displacing and enslaving them.
• The British Empire depended on Africa for survival hence exploits
• The native’s natural resources for its own benefit.
• Natives are assassinated and other sexiled as a result of the colonial rule. A country wide uprising begins and the natives demand to be left to run their own affairs.

Any other correct point.

• Mark 4 well illustrated points each 3mks
• A plausible introduction 2mks
• A relevant conclusion 2mks
• Grammar ability maximum 4mks

33. “Lacuna Kasoo is a callous man devoid of any moral values.” Discuss this statement using illustrations from Inheritance by David Mulwa.

34. Lacuna’s poor governance results in the suffering of the people of Kutula.” Using Judah Zen Melo’s family, write an essay depicting the truth of the statement.

In David Mulwa’s “Inheritance”, Lacuna Kasoo’s brutal and harsh leadership causes a lot of harm to his subjects. Case in point is the family of Judah who end up undergoing psychological and physical torture for going against the regime. My essay illustrates this further.

1. Romanus Bengo, Judah’s brother is detained unlawfully for being against the leadership of Lacuna Kasoo. When Lacuna was conducting his campaigns, Bengo stood to compete him. Bengo says that he was headed for a landslide win against the incumbent and this must have threatened Kasoo’s leadership. First Lacuna asks Judah to kill him as a proof of his loyalty to the king to which he refuses as Bengo is his brother and he cannot get himself to commit the atrocity. The king opts to jail Bengo so as to silence him and kill his fight for liberation. Romanus ends up being separated from his close family as a consequence of being against the regime.
2. Judah ends up losing his job in the government for going against the wishes of Lacuna. While Judah was still working in the palace at the right hand of Lacuna, his brother was leading a strong revolution against Lacuna’s leadership. This angers Lacuna and he asks Judah to prove his loyalty by killing Romanus Bengo. Despite Lacuna’s promises of wellness to his family, Judah refuses to betray his brother and mother by committing this act. For his act of refusing to help King Kasoo, Judah says that he has been unable to find work as no one in Kutula wanted to be associated with someone who had refused to help the king. Lacuna had closed all paths for him. After a long while, he ends up getting a watchman’s job at the mines far from home where he resorts to being an alcoholic so as to get a promotion. Judah loses his job and becomes an alcoholic as a result of going against Kasoo’s leadership.
3. Judah is beaten up and eventually killed by Kasoo’s government. After refusing to prove his loyalty by killing his own brother, Bengo, Judah was beaten up and left for dead. Tamina says that even though Judah had tried to make up for his mistake of going against Kasoo’s wishes, the king still struck and he was beaten up badly and left for dead at their doorstep. It took the intervention of Dr. Jonathan to save his life as he was left in a bad state. He spends a long time recuperating in the hospital before getting back to his feet. While working in the mine, he suffers an accident while operating the machines and dies as explained by Lacuna. Robert later says that they have done their investigation and found out that it was murder and not an accident. Lacuna’s anger at the statement shows that he had a hand in the murder. Judah is not only beaten up but also loses his life because of Kasoo’s poor leadership.
4. Lulu, Judah’s daughter is held at the palace on Lacuna’s orders but against her wish. After conducting the commemoration ceremony for his late father, King Kutula XV, Lacuna insists that Lulu must stay behind without offering an explanation. Lacuna intends to satisfy the ancestors wish by laying with the girl and marrying her without her consent. Lulu insists that she wants to go home because she is not of age and Lacuna is old enough to be her father but Lacuna refuses. She is worried that the she is being labelled as a gold digger by others and fears that her mother is worried about her. She also says that she respects Melissa who is Lacuna’s wife and she does not want to be in her bad books. Lacuna spends a lot of money ensuring she is spoilt lavishly to convince her but Lulu is uncowed. When she gets news of her father’s death, she tells Lacuna that she wants to go home to pay her last respect to which Lacuna refuses. He even goes ahead to slap her thus inflicting further pain on Lulu. Lulu’s forced stay at the palace causes pain to her and she suffers from Lacuna’s dictatorship.
5. Lastly, Tamina Zen Melo undergoes a lot of frustrations from Lacuna’s government. Her husband is beaten up and left for dead at her doorstep. When Judah loses his job, all the luxuries that she was accustomed to are take away. She mentions that her cars and government house are taken away and her coffee farm is bought by Chipande, Lacuna’s advisor, for peanuts as he has monopolized coffee growing. As a result, she has become poor and she has to fend for her family especially Lulu who still needs school fees that her mother cannot raise. She also suffers psychologically when Lulu is kept at the palace against her will and she thinks that her daughter is after the riches and she disowns her. Later her husband is murdered at the mines and this tortures her mentally, her frustration clear from how she reacts at the news almost losing reason and wanting to fight Sangoi as she goes to avenge her husband’s death. Tamina, Judah’s wife, undergoes a lot of mental torture and frustrations under Kasoo’s leadership.
   In conclusion, poor leadership results to the torture of innocent individuals especially those who are against a regime as is evident in Judah Zen Melo’s family.

35. 

 

 

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