Kenya Certificate Of Secondary Education (KCSE 2008) Geography Paper 2

    SECTION A
Answer all the questions in this section.

1. State four characteristics of shifting cultivation. (4 marks)
   
   
2. Give the difference between softwood forests in Kenya and Canada under the following sub-headings
   1. Distribution of softwood forests; (2 marks)
   2. Transportation of the logs. (2 marks)
      
      
3. 1. Differentiate between land reclamation and land rehabilitation.  (2 marks)
   2. State two ways in which each of the following problems experienced at the Mwea Irrigation scheme can be solved:
      1. Low prices of rice; (2 marks)
      2. Fluctuating water levels in the water canals. (2 marks)
         
         
4. Give five reasons why it is necessary to conserve wildlife in Kenya. (5 marks)
   
   
5. 1. State two economic benefits of the Common Market For East and Southern Africa (COMESA) to the member countries. (2 marks)
   2. Give four factors that limit trade among countries of East Africa. (4 marks)
      
                                                                                                                              SECTION B
                                                                                                      Answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section.
      
      
6. The diagram below show cattle rearing in an area in Kenya. Use it to answer question (a).
    
   1. 1. Identity the type of photograph. (1 mark)
      2. Describe the features shown on the photograph. (3 marks)
      3. What three indicators show that the area was experiencing drought when the photograph was taken? (3 marks)
         
         
   2. Describe nomadic pastoralism in Kenya under the following sub-headings:
      1. The cattle breeds kept: (2 marks)
      2. The pattern of movement; (2 marks)
      3. Marketing of the animals. (2 marks)
         
         
   3. 1. Give three reasons why nomadic pastoralists keep large herds of animals. (3 marks)
      2. Explain four measures taken by the government of Kenya to improve beef cattle farming. (8 marks)
         
         
         
7. 1. 1. Give two documents from where information on population data is obtained. (2 marks)
      2. The pyramid below represents population structure of Kenya.
         
         Describe the characteristics of the population as represented by the pyramid. (3 marks)
         
         
   2. 1. In 1981 Kenya’s population was 21.4 million while in 1999 it was 28.7 million. Calculate the population growth rate over the 10 year period.
         (Show your calculations) (2 marks)
      2. Explain two factors which may have led to the large population increase between 1989 and 1999. (4 marks)
         
         
   3. Explain three consequence of high population growth rate. (6 marks)
   4. Explain four physical factors that influence population distribution in East Africa. (8 marks)
      
      
8. The table below shows the quantity of minerals produced in Kenya in tonnes between years 2001 and 2005. Use it to answer questions (a) (i) and (ii).
        
   1.  
      1. Calculate the average annual production of soda ash after the 5 year period. (2 marks)
      2. Calculate the total mineral production for the year 2003. (1 mark)
      3. Give three uses of Soda Ash. (3 marks)
         
         
   2. The diagram below shows shaft mining.
           
      1. Name the parts labeled E, F and G. (3 marks)
      2. State two problems associated with shaft mining. (2 marks)
         
         
   3. Explain four ways in which gold mining has contributed to the economy of South Africa.  (8 marks)
   4. Explain three negative effects of mining to the environment. (6 marks)
      
      
9. 1. State three physical conditions that favour large scale sugarcane farming in Kenya. (3 marks)
   2. Describe the cultivation of sugarcane in the lake region of Kenya from the preparation of land to the harvesting stage. (6 marks)
   3. Explain five problems facing sugarcane farming in Kenya. (10 marks)
   4. Your class visited a sugar factory for a field study on sugar processing.
      1. Outline four stages of sugar processing the class may have observed. (4 marks)
      2. Name two by-products of sugar that the glass may have identified during the study. (2 marks)
         
         
10. Use the map of North-West Atlantic below and answer questions (a) and (b)
                   
    
    1. 1. Name the country marked M. (1 mark)
       2. Explain how the two ocean currents shown on the map other than ocean currents. (6 marks)
          
          
    2. Explain three factors that favour fishing in the area shaded on the map other than ocean currents. (6 marks)
    3. Explain why in East Africa, fresh water fishing is more developed than marine fishing. (6 marks)
    4. The diagram below shows a fishing method.
          
       1. Describe how the method is used in catching fish. (5 marks)
       2. List three methods used to preserve fish. (3 marks)