SECTION A (25 marks)
Answer all the questions in this section.
- Identify two branches of history. (2 marks)
- State one theory that explains how early agriculture developed. (1 mark)
- Give two methods of irrigation used in ancient Egypt. (2 marks)
- Give two features for the Roman roads by 300 AD. (2 marks)
- State one advantage of horn blowing as a means of communication during the pre-colonial period. (1 mark)
- Identify the main source of energy used in the early stages Industrial Revolution in Europe. (1 mark)
- State one advantage of using steel over iron during the Industrial Revolution in Europe. (1 mark)
- Give the main factor that contributed to the emergence of Johannesburg as a modern urban centre. (1 mark)
- Identify two methods used by the European powers to acquire colonies in Africa. (2 marks)
- Name the European power that colonized Zimbabwe. (1 mark)
- Identify two types of weapons used during the cold war.(2 marks)
- State one way in which members of Non-Aligned movement maintain neutrality in world affairs. (1 mark)
- Give two functions of the East African Legislative assembly of the East African Community, 2001. (2 Marks)
- State one function of the Court of Justice of the Common Market for East an Southern Africa.(COMESA) (1 mark)
- Identify two principles of the Arusha declaration in 1967. (2 marks)
- Give two categories of persons who are disqualified from contesting for a constituency seat in Britain. (2 marks)
- Name one house of parliament in India. (1 mark)
SECTION B (45 marks)
Answer three questions from this section.
-
- State five stages of evolution of man. (5 marks)
- Describe the way of life of human being during the Late Stone Age period. (10 marks)
-
- State five disadvantages of using barter trade during the Trans-Saharan Trade. (5 marks)
- Describe the organization of the Trans-Saharan Trade. (10 marks)
-
- Identify five forms of print media used in communication. (5 marks)
- Explain five positive effects of telecommunication is society. (10 marks)
-
- State five factors that promoted nationalism in Ghana. (5 marks)
- Explain five factors that contributed to the success of the front for liberation of the Mozambique (FRELIMO) in the struggle for independence in Mozambique. (10 marks)
SECTION C (30 marks)
Answer two questions from this section
-
- Give three functions of the Lukiiko in the kingdom of Buganda during the pre-colonial period. (3 marks)
- Discuss six factors that led to the growth of the Asante Empire during the 19th century. (12 marks)
-
- Give three reasons why the United States of America did not join the First World War until 1917. (12 marks)
- Explain six effects of the First World War. (12 marks)
-
- State three common characteristics of the commonwealth states. (3 marks)
- Describe six achievements of the commonwealth since its formation. (12 marks)
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A: (25 marks)
- Identify two branches of history
- Political history
- Social history
- Economic history
Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks
- State one theory that explains how early agriculture developed
- One area theory/diffusion theory/centrufugal theory
- It developed independently in different areas/independent theory
Any 1 x 1 = 1 mark)
- Identify two methods of irrigation used in ancient Egypt
- Basin
- Shadoof
- Canal
Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks
- Give two features of the Roman roads by 300 AD
- They were straight
- They were well drained
- They were durable
- They had bridges/tunnels
Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks
- State one advantage of horn blowing as a means of communication during the pre-colonial period:
- It was used to send a variety of messages
- It was used to send messages over a long distance
- It could be used at any time
1x 1 = 1 mark
- Identify the main source of energy used in the early stages of Industrial Revolution in Europe:
Coal
1x 1 = 1 mark - State one advantage of using steel over iron during the Industrial Revolution in Europe:
- It was harder
- It was lighter
- It was stronger
- It was flexible It could not rust
Any 1 x 1 = 1 mark
- Give the main factor that contributed to the emergence of Johannesburg as a modern urban centre Discovery of gold deposits
1 x 1 = 1 mark - Identify two methods used by the European powers to acquire colonies in Africa
- Military expedition/use of force
- signing of treaties use of diplomacy
- treachery/use of tricks
- use of companies
- Divide and rule
Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks
- Name the European power that colonized Zimbambwe
Britain
1x 1 = 1 mark - Identify two types of weapons used during the cold war
- war of words/propaganda
- economic sanctions
- military assistance
- Financial/Technical aid
Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks
- State one way in which members of Non-aligned movement maintain neutrality in world affairs
- By not entering into military alliances with other countries
- By maintaining independent foreign policies
- By maintaining friendly relations with other countries
- By not involving themselves in the power struggle between communist and capitalist blocs
1 x 1 = 1 mark
- Give two functions of the East African Legislative Assembly of the East African Community 2001
- It makes laws/legislations
- It monitors EAC operations
- It represents interests of the member states/provides a democratic forum for debate.
Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks
- State one function of the Court of Justice of the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA).
- It interprets the provision of the treaty
- It ensures proper application of the treaty
- It arbitrates disputes among members
Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks
- Identify two principles of the Arusha Declaration of 1967
- Self-reliance
- Nationalization of the main means of production
- Ujamaa/socialism policy
- Human equality/non-discrimination
Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks.
- Give two categories of persons who are disqualified from contesting for a constituency seat in Britain
- Clergy of the church of England/Scotland/Ireland/Roman Catholic priests
- Aliens/foreigners
- The noble/peers/members of the House of Lords
- Members of the armed forces who are not discharged/judges/civil servants/police officers
- Mentally incapacitated persons
- Persons declared bankrupt
- Persons who have committed electoral offences/corrupt persons
- Members of the Royal family
- A person serving a jail term of more than one year
Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks
- Name one house of parliament in India
- House of the people/lower house/Lok Sabha
- The council of the state/upper house/Rajya sabha
SECTION B (45 marks
-
- State five stages of evolution of man
- Aegyptopithecus (Egyptian ape)
- Dryopithecus africanus/Proconsul/Woodland
- Kenyapithecus (Kenyan ape)/Ramapithecus (Asian ape)
- Austrolopithecus (southern ape) Zinjathropus/Nutcrucker man
- Homo habilis (handy man)
- Homo erectus (upright man)
- Homo sapien (intelligent man)
- Homo sapien sapiens (modern man)
Any 5 x 1 = 5 marks
- Describe the way of life of human being during the Late Stone Age period
- Microlithic tools were widely used which were more efficient/effective in farming/hunting/defence
- They lived in more permanent shelter made of tree branches/leaves/grass which protected them from harsh climatic conditions/wild animals
- They practised agriculture thus were ensured regular/adequate supply of food
- Man led a more sedentary life thereby enabling them to carry out other activities
- They developed a system of government in order to control the conduct of the people
- They developed religious beliefs/practices which they used to explain mysteries of nature/natural phenomena
- They practised art/craft/basketry/pottery/clothes which they used for various purposes
- They buried/cremated their dead with their possession as an expression of their belief in life after death
- They developed distinct languages to enhance communication
- They decorated their bodies with red ochre/painted their shelters
- They wore a variety of garments/clothing
Any 5 points, well explained x 2 = 10 marks
- State five stages of evolution of man
-
- State five disadvantages of using barter method of trade during the Trans-saharan trade:
- It only occurred when there was double coincidence of want
- Some goods were not divisible
- Lack of common language undermined it
- It lacked a common measure of value
- Some goods were bulky/difficult to carry
- Some goods were perishable
Any 5 x 1 = 5 marks
- Describe the organisation of the Trans-saharan trade
- It involved the Berbers/Arabs from North Africa who traded with people of Western Sudan
- There were middlemen who coordinated trading activities between the two regions/rich merchants from the North trade
- The Tuaregs guided/protected the traders from possible attacks
- The camels were used as the main means of transport across the desert
- The traders were organised into caravans in order to enhance security across the desert
- Barter/silent trade was used as the traders lacked a common language
- Trade goods were sourced from both North African and Western Sudan/Western Africa/North Africa salt , horses, guns, clothes, mirrors, Western Sudan: slaves, gold, kolanuts, ivory, animal skin, ostrich feathers.
- There were definite trade routes followed by the traders in order to avoid getting lost
- Kings/chiefs maintained law and order in their territory thereby creating a conducive trading environment.
- The traders made stops at the oasis to refresh themselves and let their camels drink water.
- The rulers in Western Sudan regulated trade/controlled the amount of gold/ levied taxes/received gifts.
Any 5 points well explained x 2 = 10 marks
- State five disadvantages of using barter method of trade during the Trans-saharan trade:
-
- Identify five forms of print media used in communication
- Books
- Newspapers
- Magazines
- Journal/periodicals
- Newsletters
- Brochures
- Braille Posters
5 x 1 = 5 marks
- Explain five positive effects of telecommunication in a society (10 marks)
- It enables storage of information for future use/reference
- It enables faster transmission of information hence saves time
- It provides entertainment/recreation thereby enabling positive use of leisure time
- It enhances reality as live pictures are transmitted to the viewers
- It promotes trade through e-commerce/e-banking/advertisement thus making transaction more effective/efficient
- It enhances security as crime could be easily detected using various telecommunication devises
- It creates employment opportunities enabling people to improve their standard of living/earning income
- It generates revenue to the government which enables it to undertake development
- It promotes cultural exchange thereby enhancing understanding/ improving relations between nations
- It promotes water/air transport through the use of telecommunication devices that guides crew
- It has promoted space exploration through use of satellites thereby enabling better understanding of the outer space.
- It promotes education eg. by radio, television and internet
- Accessibility to remote areas has been made possible by use of cell phones.
- It has enhanced weather forecasting by use of satellite.
- It promotes the spread of ideas/ by use of radio, television & internet.
Any 5 points well explained x 2 = 10 marks
- Identify five forms of print media used in communication
-
- State five factors that promoted nationalism in Ghana (5 marks)
- The unemployment of young educated people.
- The existence of elite.
- High prices of consumer goods/the poor prices of cocoa.
- The discontent of the ex-servicemen.
- Africans were denied trading licences
- Granting of independence to India Pakistan.
- Influence from Pan African Movement.
- The declaration of the UN Charter.
- Inadequate representation in the legco.
- Forced taxation.
- The decision by the British to built a university in Ibadan rather than in Ghana caused discontent among the Ghanaians.
- Loss of power of local traditional chiefs.
- Need to guard against possible land alienation by the British united the Africans.
- Forced cutting of the cocoa trees.
- Charismatic leadership provided by Kwame Nkruma united the people.
Any 5 points x 1 = 5 marks
- Explain five factors that contribute to the success of the Front for the Liberation of the Mozambique (FRELIMO) in the struggle for independence in Mozambique. (10 marks)
- The local people supported the fighters thereby inspiring them
- FRELIMO cultivated its own food which ensured regular/steady supply to the fighters
- The FRELIMO fighters were familiar with the terrain which gave them advantage over the Portuguese
- Support by communist countries/USSR/China inform of weapons/ammunition/ finance enabled them to continue with the struggle
- The support given by the OAU to the FRELIMO encouraged the nationalists to continue with the struggle
- FRELIMO used guerilla warfare/tactics which made it difficult for the Portuguese to defeat them
- The system of administration established in the liberated areas by FRELIMO appealed to the Africans who in turn supported them
- Friendly frontline states provided bases for operation making it difficult for the Portuguese to suppress them
- The recognition of the role of women by FRELIMO
- Elimination of ethinicity among the nationalists
- FRELIMO strategy of attacking from different points at the same time.
- The large army that outnumbered the Portuguese solders.
- Coup in Portugal in 1974 by soldiers who were against colonial wars.
Any 5 points, well explained x 2 = 10 marks
- State five factors that promoted nationalism in Ghana (5 marks)
SECTION C (30 marks)
-
- Give three functions of the Lukiiko in the Kingdom of Buganda during the precolonial period (3 marks)
- It helped Kabaka in the administration
- It acted as final court of appeal/settled disputes
- It advised Kabaka
- It represented the people's interests
- It directed the budget/collection of taxes
- It made laws
Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
- Discuss six factors that led to the growth of the Asante Empire by the 19th Century (12 marks)
- Tran-Atlantic trade generated a lot of wealth which enabled the empire to prosper It had able/skilled/shrewd rulers who were courageous/development conscious
- They had a symbol of unity/golden stool which bonded the people together
- Centralised system of administration ensured stability as there was clear command Strong agricultural base ensured regular food supply leading to growth of population
- Presence of large/strong army provided defence/expanded the empire through conquest
- Availability of gold enabled the kingdom to generate wealth that was used for further development.
- The Odwira Festival brought the leaders/people together thereby making the empire more cohesive.
- The need to free themselves from the oppressive Denkiyra rule.
- The unity of the Akan speaking people around Kumasi loyoko clan.
Any 6 points, well explained x 2 = 12 marks
- Give three functions of the Lukiiko in the Kingdom of Buganda during the precolonial period (3 marks)
-
- Give three reasons why the United States of America (USA) did not join the First World War until 1917 (3 marks)
- The Monroe doctrine prohibited USA involvement
- She had commercial/trade relations with both alliances
- The war had not interfered with her interests before 1917
- Fear of revolt by her citizens of German descent/stirring a civil war in the country
Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
- Explain six effects of the First World War (12 marks)
- It led to massive loss of human life as conflict between opposing camps continued.
- There was massive destruction of property/infrastructure thereby causing a lot of suffering/poverty/loss of livelihood.
- It led to the displacement of people thereby creating refugees/homeless people.
- It led to use of huge sums of money thereby weakening the economies of the countries involved/buying weapons/recruitment and & maintenance of soliers/ building of roads and bridges for transportation of troops.
- It led to food shortages as people joined the war.
- It created insecurity/fear, animosity/suspicions among people increased.
- USA emerged as the leading world power thereby upsetting the existing balance of power in the world.
- It led to emergence of new nations eg. Hungary, Yugoslavia, Czachoslovakia, Poland, states as some former states disintegrated.
- It led to formation of the League of Nations to maintain world peace.
- It led to the rise of nationalization in Africa and Asia.
- It led to spread of diseases such as STD's and pneumonia/Spanish influenza.
- It led to advancement of surgery and manufacturing of pharmaceuticals.
- It led to development of transport eg. aircraft and motor vehicles.
- It led to the promotion of the status of women in Europe and USA.
- Give three reasons why the United States of America (USA) did not join the First World War until 1917 (3 marks)
-
- State three common characteristics of the Commonwealth member states (3 marks)
- They use English as the official language
- The English Monarch/King/Queen is recognized as the head.
- They cooperate in sports/games.
- They make consultations/exchange information eg. in financial, trade, science, education and technical assistance.
- They have close economic ties
- Most of the states have similar legal/administration systems/parliamentary system.
- They have a common military tradition based on the British one.
- They enjoy universal adult suffrage.
- Members hold regular conferences of heads of state.
Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
- Describe six achievements of the commonwealth since its formation
- It maintains peace by sending peace keepers to the war-torn member countries
- It has established a fund to assist the economically poor member states to meet their needs.
- It provides technical assistance/expertise to the less developed members
- It promotes the development of education by offering scholarships/exchange programmes.
- It promotes mutual understanding/cooperation among members by holding joint sports/games/cultural activities.
- It promotes consultations among member states in areas of common interests by holding joint forums.
- It has promoted good governance through holding regular meetings by the members of parliament/sending observers during elections.
- It promotes the development of the youth through the commonwealth youth programme
- It has enabled the member states to speak in one voice/have a common stand in the international fora.
- It promotes trade among members states.
Any 6 points, well explained x 2 = 12 marks
- State three common characteristics of the Commonwealth member states (3 marks)
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