KCSE 2015 Business Paper 2 with Marking Scheme

1.     
   1. Explain five uses of National Income Statistics to a country. (10 marks).
   2. Discuss five principles that will lead to effective use of government resources. (10 marks)
2.     
   1. Explain five ways in which the consumer may benefit from warehousing. (10 marks)
   2. The following information was extracted from the books of the books of Mamboleo Traders in the month of September, 2014.
      September 1  Had cash in hand, Shs 15,500 and a bank overdraft of Shs 9,700.
      September 3  Bought goods for sale Shs12,300 on credit.
      September 5  Sold goods in cash Shs 8,500.
      September 9  Sold goods on credit Shs 10,000.
      September 12  Received a cheque of Shs 9,000 from a debtor.
      September 15  Paid a creditor Shs 10,000 in cash.
      September 17  Paid wages Shs 2,600.
      September 19  Received a cheque Shs 23,400 from Samson for goods sold in January.
      September 20  Received Shs 6,700 from a debtor in cash.
      September 23  Withdrew Shs 7,700 from the bank for office use.
      September 24  Paid elecrricity bills by cheque Shs 1,200.
      September 25  Received a cheque of Shs 11,500 from a debtor.
      September 26  Made cash sales of Shs 12,800.
      September 27  Purchased goods worth Shs 8,950 in cash.
      September 28  Deposited personal cash Shs 3,500 into the business account.
      September 30  Paid water bills by cheque Shs 2,800.
      
      Required:
      Prepare a two column cash book. (10 marks)
3.      
   1. Describe five characterisics of a monopolistic competitive market. (10 marks)
   2. Explain five features of human wants. (10 marks)
4.     
   1. The folowing trail balance relates to Chui Traders as at 31st December 2014.
      
      Additional Information:
      
      • closing stock was valued at Ksh 2,500.
      • Carriage out was Ksh 1,200.
        
        Required:
        Prepare Trading, Profit and Loss Account. (10 marks)
   2. Explain five methods of determining the price of a product other than price control. (10 marks)
5.     
   1. Explain five trends in office management. (10 marks)
   2. Explain five advantages of government involvement in business. (10marks )
6.      
   1. Explain five benefits that may accrue to Kenya by being a member of the African Development Bank (ADB). (10 marks)
   2. Explain five features that are common to underdeveloped countries. (10 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1.    
   1. Uses of National income statistics to a country.
      1. Indicator/measure of standard of living - an improvement/increase of national income indicates/improved welfare/improved standard of living / vice versa.
      2. Comparison of standard of living between countries - countries with high national income are deemed to have high standard of living and vice versa.
      3. Assessing performance of the economy over time - the period with high national income is considered to be better off.
      4. Economic Planning - comparing performance in different sectors and regions helps the government in planning for better/ efficient allocation/use of resources.
      5. For investment decision - Data obtained can be used by entrepreneurs to make decision on the sector, when and amount of capital to invest.
      6. Provide information on distribution/contribution of income - this helps the government to address income/production disparities eg. through subsidies and tax relief.
      7. To attract foreigh aid/donor funding, when a country shows strong economic growth/when experiencing challenges to finance its development/for bugetary support.
      8. Calculate/determine per capita income - by dividing national income by the population.
      9. Compare standards of living in a country between different years/periods. The year/period the NY is high is said to have a high standard of living/vice versa. Any 5 x 2 (10 marks)
   2. Principles that would lead to effective use of government resources:
      1. Economy - requires proper planning to avoid /minimize wastage/ensure maximum benefit.
      2. Sanction - Authority should be sought from relevant bodies/parliament before committing public finance
      3. Maximum /optimal social benefit - resources should be used only on projects that improve social welfare / quality of life of the citizens /to benefit as many people as possible.
      4. Flexibility - expenditure should be able to be adjusted to reflect the prevailing circumstances.
      5. Equity - distribution of resources should be fair to all sectors/regions/ minimize incidents of inequalities /imbalances.
      6. Productivity - more resources should be spent on development projects than on nonproductive projects / on projects that yield high returns
      7. Surplus - savings should be spent on emergencies and fill the revenue gap between collection and projection/expenditure should be less than (total) revenue collected.
      8. Elasticity - expenditure should be capable of being expanded/contracted in line with the size of the economy.
      9. Good/proper financial management to ensure accountability/good governance/ transparency through proper record keeping. Any 5 x 2
         (10 marks) 
2.    
   1. Ways in which the consumer may benefit from warehousing.
      1. It helps maintain / improve quality of goods - this is mainly for goods that mature over time such as wine /for them to get goods when still fresh.
      2. It ensures constant supply of goods - facilitates release of goods in the market regularly which minimize shortages/so as to get goods as/ when needed.
      3. Preparation of goods for sale - goods are sorted, graded, packaged, blended, branded.
      4. Availability of seasonally produced goods - consumers can access goods that are off season from the warehouse eg. farm produce.
      5. Stability in prices of goods - ensures constant supply of goods leading to stable prices throughout the year/due to minimal shortages.
      6. Creates time utility - ensures that the consumer accesses and uses goods at appropriate time.
      7. It enables the breaking of bulk - where he/she is able to buy goods in convenient /affordable quantities.
      8. Availability of seasonally demanded goods. That are produced but only come to use at certain times/such as gumboots/umbrellas.
      9. Availing a variety/different goods enabling him/her have a wider choice/satisfy different wants/tastes
      10. Providing security - to avoid loss due to theft/pilferage. Any 5 x 2
          (10 marks)
   2. Mambo Leo Traders
      Cash book

      Date	Details	Cash	Bank	Date	Details	Cash	Bank
      1/9 5/9 12/9 19/9 20/9 23/9 25/9 26/9 28/9	Bal b/d Sales Debtor Samson Debtor Bank Debtor Sales Investment	15,500 8,500 6,700 7,700 12,800 51,200	9,000 23,400 11,500 3,500 47,400	1/9 15/9 17/9 23/9 24/9 27/9 30/9 31/9	Bal c/d Creditor Wages Cash Electricity Purchases Water Bal b/d	10,000 2,600 8,950 29,650 51,200	9,700 7,700 1,200 2,800 26,000 47,400

      20 ticks x (10 marks)
3.    
   1. Characteristics of a monopolistic competitive market.
      1. There are many independent buyers and sellers of the commodity.
      2. The products are close substitutes/differentiated /similar but differ by names shape/colour package/ scent.
      3. Free entry / exit - there are no barriers for new firms that require to supply the same commodity nor are there barriers for those wishing to exit the market.
      4. Firms' decision to enter or leave is influenced by profits or losses.
      5. Wide knowledge of market. As buyers /sellers are aware of price/output market factors conditions.
      6. Firms set their own prices - prices are set depending on cost incurred and demand in the market.
      7. No single firm controls any factor of production - firms acquire factors at prevailing market prices / conditions.
      8. Individual firms have highly elastic/gently sloping demand curve since commodities are close substitutes.
      9. It is possible for a single/some firms to dominate/influence market price through extensive advertising/product promotion/dofferentiation.
      10. All firms earn normal profits in the long run since supper normal profits attract new firms/losses make forms to leave/quit. Any 5 x 2
          (10 marks)
   2. Features of human wants:
      1. They are numerous and unlimited - when one is satisfied another crops up to take its place/begin at birth and end at death.
      2. They continually change with time, age and gender. What is required when it is cold may not be the same as what is required when it is hot.
      3. They are habit forming - once an individual develops taste for a commodity he/she tends to use it over and over again.
      4. Require resources - limitation in resources required means only a few human wants are fulfilled/require resources in order for them to be satisfied.
      5. They are universal/common to all human beings - all human beings need goods and services for existence though quantities may vary. They are competitive - wants compete for attention each yearning to be satisfied.
      6. They vary in intensity - urgency/some wants are more felt than others eg. basic wants/some may not be postponed.
      7. They are complimentary - satisfaction of one creates a second derived from the first. eg. for the second to be satisfied, it requires to be complemented by the first while others are satisfied jointly.
      8. Insatiable - wants cannot be fully satisfied. Recurrent/repetetive - once satisfied they are felt again. Any 5 x 2
         (10 marks)
4.    
   1. Chui Trader's Trading, Profit and Loss Account
      Chui Traders
      Trading, Profit and Loss Account
      For the year ended 31st December 2014
      

      Ksh Opening stock                             10,000 Add: Purchases              15,000 Carriage inwards              1,200                                     16,200 Less: Returns outwards    1,100   15,100 Cost of goods available for sales   25,100 Less: Closing stock                        2.500 Cost of sales                               22,600 Gross profit c/d                             4,600                                                  27,200 Expenses Carriage outwards                         1,200 Discount allowed                              300 Insurance                                        950 Net profit                                      4,350                                                    6,800

      Ksh Sales                         28,000 Less: Returns inwards     800                                              27,200                                              27,200 Gross profit b/d                        4,600 Add: Rent                                   580 Discount received                     1,620                                                6,800

      20 ticks x 1
      (10 marks)
   2. Five methods of determining the price of a product other than price control:
      1. Bargaining/Haggling - terms of exchange is negotiated /argued/debated between buyers and sellers.
      2. Demand and supply/price mechanism - Interactions between forces of demand and supply.
      3. Auction - prices determined by the highest bidder.
      4. Tendering - prices determined by the lowest bidder who meets the required specifications.
      5. Price fixing/retail price maintenance / recommended retail price - as producers / manufacturers / producer agree on the price of commodities.
      6. Prices collusion - where different market players (such as sellers/buyers) conspire to fix the price.
      7. Taxation/subsidies - which will influence the selling/buying price.
      8. Private treaty - sale of property at a price agreed on by the seller and buyer without an intervening agency. Any 5 x 2
         (10 marks)
5.      
   1. Trends in office management:
      1. Location - Organizations tend to move away from congested town centres to peri-urban areas/outskirts.
      2. Use of modern equipment/computer/automation - organizations have adopted modern equipment / computers for efficiency to make work easier.
      3. Open office layout /landscaped - adopted to facilitate supervision and economize on floor space/ improve ambiance/comfort in the office.
      4. Engagement of multi skilled staff able to carry out different tasks/ to save on labour costs/ wage bill.
      5. Innovative ways of motivating staff eg. tours, meals at work
      6. Capacity building to develop staff skills.
      7. Time management - use of biometric clocking system to control staff movement.
      8. Customer care services/desk - to enhance customer satisfaction.
      9. HIV/AIDs awareness/policy to sensitize employees/ avoid discrimination.
      10. Stress management - to promote good health/coping of the work place.
      11. Corporate social responsibility - to give back to the community.
      12. Use of name tags/badges for identification of employees. Any 5 x 2
          (10 marks)
   2. Advantages of government involvement in business.
      1. Provision of essential services/good at fair prices/affordable/reasonable.
      2. Provision of large capital investment - undertake ventures that require large sums which private sectors may not be able to raise / without which development would be minimal.
      3. Protection of citizens - from exploitation/malpractice by businesses.
      4. Stimulation of economic development - by developing social ammenities/ infrastructure roads / injecting funds into economy through development projects.
      5. Creation of employment - to create jobs for its citizens to earn a living/improve their standard of living.
      6. Income generation - to increase government revenue through licensing/taxation/ to finance public expenditure.
         Stabilization of the economy through regulation/market intervention.
      7. Promotes equity/fairness in the distribution/use of resources.
      8. Control use of resources through conservation/legislative measures / to ensure their sustainability.
      9. Maintenance of law/order - for smooth operations of a country's affairs. Promotion of best practices - through encouraging adoption of ICT/good governance/social programmes/inclusivity.
      10. Promotes investment in the country by creating an enabling environment.
      11. Promotes country's identity/image - through cultural programmes /branding initiatives Any 5 x 2
          (10 marks)
6.      
   1. Benefits that Kenya may enjoy by being a member of the African Development Bank (ADB/AFDB).
      1. The country will obtain loans/credit for economic /social advancement/ development Kenya will get technical assistance /expert advice/consultancy to strengthen and execute development programmes.
      2. Kenya will get assistance in policy coordination / development formulation for effective implementation of projects. The country will get technological assistance to utilize its economic resources
      3. The country will enjoy cooperation/support from regional economic institutions in Africa/internationally. The country will gain from capital funding for public/private investment that boost development. 
      4. Promote better/effective use/management of funds/resources/accountability through oversight/monitoring by AFDB agencies.
      5. Boosts the country's credibility/image/credit standing - thus enabling it access Boosts th more funds (from international lenders/development partners) since AFDB can guarantee the country for funding.
      6. Kenya can get international platform/opportunity /forum - to promote its development agenda. Cheap affordable credit/easy terms - due to low interest rates/longer repayment period.
         Any 5 x 2 (10 marks)
   2. Features of under development.
      1. High population growth - the growth rate of population is higher than output.
      2. Dominant large subsistence sectors - traditional subsistence sector such as agriculture tend to dominate the economies.
      3. High level of poverty - large proportion of citizens live below the poverty line.
      4. Low level of technology - due to lack of capital to acquire modern technology leading to low quantity/quality of output.
      5. Disparity in income distribution - much of the wealth is in the hands of few individuals while majority are poor.
      6. Low levels of savings - due to low per capita income leading to low investment.
      7. Under utilization of natural resources - natural resources remain under exploited due to lack of capital / appropriate technology / skills/knowledge.
      8. Low levels of investment due to limited markets/low savings/capital.
      9. Poor governance - due to corruption/embezzlement/mismanagement of resources/misappropriation/lack of transparency/accountability.
      10. Limited market/low demand - due to low levels of income.
      11. High rates of unemployment - due to low levels of economic activities.
      12. Negative social/cultural practices - which hinders production /consumption.
      13. High levels of illiteracy - leading to ignorance/limited exposure.
          Any 5x2 (10 marks)