History Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Samia Joint Mock Examination 2023

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES.

• This paper consists of three sections, A, B and C.
• Answer all questions in section A, three questions from section B and two questions from section C.
• Candidates should answer the questions in English

SECTION A (25 MARKS)
Answer all questions on this section

1. State two disadvantages of relying on oral traditions as a source of History of Kenya. (2 marks)
2. Identify one theory that explains the origin of man. (1 mark)
3. Name two Bantu communities in Kenya whose ancestors settled in the Mount Elgon area before migrating to their present homeland.
   (2 marks)
4. Why did the Mijikenda live in kayas? (1 mark)
5. State two social functions of Orkoiyot among the Nandi during the pre-colonial period. (2 marks)
6. Identify two factors that led to the spread of Islam along the Kenyan coast by 16th Century. (2 marks)
7. Give one economic responsibility of a Kenyan citizen. (1 mark)
8. What is the difference between a civil and criminal dispute? (1 mark)
9. State two recommendations of the Lyttleton constitution of 1954 (2 marks)
10. Identify two development rights of children. (2 marks)
11. Name the treaty which marked the colonial spheres of influence in East Africa in 1886. (1 mark)
12. Give the main reason why the local government was established in Kenya during the colonial period. (1 mark)
13. State two ways through which the colonial land policies in Kenya undermined African farming. (2 marks)
14. Who declared the state of Emergency in Kenya in 1952? (1 mark)
15. Give two special courts of Kenya. (2 marks)
16. Give the main role of opposition parties in Kenya. (1 mark)
17. Which body is mandated to collect taxes for the national government? (1 mark)

SECTION B (45 MARKS)
Answer any three questions

18.  
    1. State three economic activities of the Borana during pre-colonial period (3 marks)
    2. Describe the social organization of the Maasai during the pre-colonial period. (12 marks)
19.  
    1. Give five reasons for the Portuguese success in the conquest of the Kenyan Coast. (5 marks)
    2. Explain five factors that contributed to the spread of Christianity up to the 19th Century. (10 marks)
20.  
    1. State three methods used by the British to establish colonial rule in Kenya (3 marks)
    2. Explain six problems experienced by the white settlers in Kenya. (12 marks)
21.  
    1. State five reasons why Africans opposed to British colonial rule between 1920 – 1939 (5 marks)
    2. Discuss five factors that have facilitated industrialization in Kenya since independence. (10 marks)

SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section

22.  
    1. State three circumstances in which one’s right to life may be taken away in Kenya. (3 marks)
       Discuss six rights guaranteed to arrested persons in Kenya according to the bill of rights. (12 marks)
23.  
    1. Outline five features of the new constitution of Kenya (2010) (5 marks)
    2. Explain five ways how the concept of the independence of the Judiciary applies in Kenya. (10 marks)
24.  
    1. State five objectives of devolution of government in Kenya. (5 marks)
    2. Discuss five ways how both levels of government in Kenya’s devolution system relate. (10 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. State two disadvantages of relying on oral traditions as a source of history of Kenya.  (2mks)
   • Limited ability to remember
   • May have distorted information
   • Likely to be biased/exaggerated
   • Information may change over time
2. Identify one theory that explains the origin of man. (1mk)
   • The creation theory
   • Evolution theory
   • Traditional/mythical theory
3. Name two Bantu communities in Kenya whose ancestors settled in the Mount Elgon area before migrating to their present homeland. (2mks)
   • Abagusii
   • Abaluhya (any baluhya speaking group)
   • Abakuria
4. Why did the Mijikenda live in kayas?  (1mk)
   • To enhance their security.
5. Give two social functions of Orkoiyot among the Nandi during the pre-colonial period. (2mks)
   • Foretelling the future
   • Presiding over religious functions/was a religious leader
   • Arbitrating disputes
   • Blessing warriors
   • Rainmaking
   • Medicine man
6. Identify two factors that led to spread of Islam along the Kenyan coast by 16th century. (2mks) 
   • Commercial activities between Arabs and Africans
   • Arab settlement along the coast
   • Intermarriage between Arabs and other communities
   • Islam was more accommodative of African traditional practices
   • Development of Kiswahili language
7. Give one economic responsibility of a Kenyan citizen.  (1mk)
   • Participating in development activities
   • Paying taxes
   • Fighting corruption
   • Protecting the environment
8. What is the difference between a civil and criminal dispute?  (1mk)
   • A civil dispute is between individuals while a criminal dispute is one which the law has been broken by individuals.
9. State two recommendations of the Lyttleton constitution of 1954. (2mks)
   • Creation of multiracial council of ministers
   • Elections be held in 1956 - 1957 in eight African constituencies
   • Allowed Africans to elect unofficial members to LEGCO
10. Identify two development rights of children. (2mks)
    • Right to education
    • Right to social security/parental love
    • Right to play/leisure
    • Right to participate in cultural and artistic activities
    • Right to express themselves
11. Name the treaty which marked the colonial spheres of influence in East Africa in 1886. (1mk)
    
    • The Anglo-German agreement of 1886
12. Give the main reason why the local government was established in Kenya during the colonial period (2mks)
    • To link the central government with local with the local communities
13. State two ways through which the colonial land policies in Kenya undermined African farming. (2mks)
    • Denying Africans access to the white highlands for agriculture
    • Confining Africans to the reserves created shortage of land for farming
    • Declaring some of the land as crown land denied Africans access to its use.
14.  Who declared the State of Emergency in Kenya in 1952?
    • Sir Evelyn Baring
15. Give two special courts in Kenya.  (2mks)
    • Kadhis court
    • Military courts/court martial
    • Juvenile courts/children courts
    • Industrial courts/special tribunals
16. Give the main role of opposition parties in Kenya.  (1mk)
    • To act as a check on the excess of the government and ruling party/upholding democracy
17. Which body is mandated to collect taxes for the national government?  (1mk)
    • Kenya Revenue Authority (KRA)

SECTION B: 45 MARKS
Answer any three questions

18.  
    1. State three economic activities of the Borana during the pre-colonial period. (3mks)
       • They participated in trade
       • They kept livestock
       • They hunted wildlife
       • They were gatherers
       • They practiced crafts
       • Few Borana practiced crop growing.
    2. Describe the social organization of the Maasai during the pre-colonial period.  (12mks)
       • The Maasai believed in a supreme God Enkai the creator of man and giver of life.
       • Existed lesser gods believed to have inhabited sacred places like rivers.
       • They offered offerings and sacrifices to Enkai during special month of Lesorio Initiation was conducted on both boys and girls.
       • They lived in temporary shelters known as Manyatta.
       • They had a religious leader Oloibon who mediated between community and Enkai
       • There was warrior class whose duty was to defend the community/conduct raids
       • Several related families formed a clan
       • Lowest social unit was family headed by father
       • They believed in evil spirits called Oloriruani
       • The had special people like diviners, medicine men
       • They had several social ceremonies including Eunoto which marked graduation ofmorans into junior elders
19. 1. Give five reasons for the Portuguese success in the conquest of the Kenyan coast. (5mks)
       • They had superior weapons
       • They had better/strong naval power
       • The coastal towns were not united
       • They got reinforcements from Goa in India
       • They waged surprise attacks
       • Some towns didn't offer any resistance to Portuguese invasion
       • They had well trained soldiers
       • Portuguese made alliances with local cities
    2. Explain five factors that contributed to the spread of Christianity up to 19th century.   (10mks)
       • The early missionaries enjoyed the support of Seyyid Said who gave them introductory letters.
       • Some African communities were friendly to the missionaries
       • Missionaries learnt local languages and translated New Testament Bible into Kiswahili and other local languages like Rabai, Kamba.
       • Use of Kiswahili language in preaching by the missionaries enhanced Christianity at the coast African converts were used to spread the gospel
       • Other activities like education health influenced Africans into conversion.
       • Building of Kenya - Uganda railway facilitated movement.
       • Discovery of quinine enabled missionaries fight diseases
       • The lived side by side with Africans
       • They gave Africans gifts
20.  
    1. State three methods used by the British to establish colonial rule in Kenya. (3mks)
       • Offering gifts to friendly chiefs
       • Establishing administrative stations
       • Use of military attacks against unfriendly communities
       • Signing treaties between colonialists agents and African rulers/collaboration
       • Use of missionaries to pacify Africans through preaching
    2.  Explain six problems experienced by the white settlers in Kenya. (12mks) (12mks)
       • Attacks from Africans
       • Lack of labour
       • Lack of capital
       • Poor transport networks
       • The unpredictable natural conditions
       • The prevalence of tropical diseases
       • Limited markets
21.  
    1. Why were Africans opposed to British colonial rule between 1920-1939?    (5mks)
       • Their land was alienated
       • They were racially discriminated
       • The British introduced the kipande system
       • They resented forced labour
       • They were taxed heavily
       • They were against cultural interference
       • They were paid low wages
       • They were against destocking policy
    2. Discuss five factors that have facilitated industrialization in Kenya since independence.  (10 marks)
       • The availability of modern sources of energy
       • Availability of both skilled and unskilled labour
       • Good transport and communication
       • Rich agricultural raw materials
       • Existence of both natural and man-made forests promoting furniture industries.
       • The existence of mineral resources
       • Government initiatives through creation of trade commerce and industry.
       • Availability of water resources rich in fish

SECTION C (30 MARKS)
Answer any two questions from this section

22.  
    1. State three circumstances in which one's right to life may be taken away.  (3 marks)
       • incase one is sentenced to death by the court
       • in an event of war
       • in an event that one is protecting life and/or properties
       • when a law enforcement officer's life is in danger
       • a criminal/prisoner evading lawful arrest
    2. Discuss six rights guaranteed to arrest persons in Kenya according to the bill of rights. (12 marks)
       • A right to remain silent
       • Right to be represented by an advocate
       • Right not to be compelled to give any confessions
       • Right not to be mixed by those already service sentences
       • Right to be delivered to court before lapse of 24 hours
       • Right to bail or bond
       • Right to be informed in a language understood to reason for arrest
23.  
    1. Outline five features of the New constitution of Kenya (2010)  (5 marks)
       
       • citizenship
       • executive
       • legislature
       • judiciary
       • bill of rights
       • land and environment
       • sovereignty of the people
       • protection of minority and marginalized
         (Students must explain the provisions and not just stating)
    2. Explain five ways how the concept of the independence of the Judiciary applies in Kenya. (10 marks)
       • Judges are employed on good behavior until retirement
       • Judges are not political appointees
       • Dismissal of judges must be resolved by the two houses of parliament
       • Salaries and allowances of judges are not subject to discussion by parliament
       • Judges serve longer compared to public servants who retire at 60 years
       • Judgments made in the judiciary cannot be changed by any government agency unless a future court decides against it.
24.  
    1. State five objectives of devolution of government in Kenya.  (5 marks)
       
       • national unity
       • promote democracy
       • protecting interests of minorities and marginalized
       • promote equitable distribution of resources
       • giving people access to government
       • decentralizing state organs
       • enhancing checks and balances
       • promote citizen's participation in government.
    2. Discuss five ways how both levels of government in Kenya's devolution system relate. (10 marks)
       
       • Both levels must consult before decisions are made
       • Any conflicts between them are solved through legislation
       • President has powers to suspend county government
       • Some national employees work in counties
       • National government can advance a loan to counties
       • Every year national government grants counties with capitation Both levels are bound by national laws
       • The president can visit and make decisions regarding a county government.