Agriculture Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Cekana Mock Exams 2023

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Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Cekana Mock Exams 2023

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INSTRUCTIONS

This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
Answer all questions in section A and B and any other two questions in section C.
Candidates must answer the questions in English.

QUESTIONS

SECTION A: 30 MARKS
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided

Give four reasons why farmers are encouraged to practice organic farming (2marks)
Distinguish between GDP and GNP (2marks)
What is meant by the following terms (2marks)
1. Seed inoculation
2. Seed dressing
Name four types of terraces (2marks)
Name the routine field practice done by;
1. Removal of extra suckers in a banana stool (1mark)
2. Removal of old stems down to level of top foliage in pyrethrum (1mark)
3. Removal of suckers from coffee bushes (1mark)
State three characteristics of phosphatic fertilizers (1.5marks)
Explain the relationship between scarcity and choice as used in agricultural economics (1mark)
Outline four ways by which crop pests are classified (2marks)
State four advantages of land consolidation (2marks)
Outline three benefits derived from trees used in agroforestry (1½marks)
State four practices which improve light intensity in crop production (2marks)
Give four factors that influence the quality of hay (2marks)
Outline two other methods of conserving forage in the farm (1mark)
State four factors that determine the demand of a commodity in a free market (2marks)
Give four varieties of tomatoes grown for processing (2marks)
State two advantages of mixed farming (1mark)
Name any two land tenure systems practiced in Kenya (1mark)

SECTION B: 20 MARKS
Answer all questions in the spaces provided

Illustrated below is a method of turning compost. Study the method and answer the questions that follow.
1. Identify the method (1mark)
2. Using arrows in the diagram, show how the turning is done before the manure can be taken to the field (2marks)
3. After how long should the compost be ready for use (1mark)
4. Apart from the above named type of organic manure, name any other two types of organic manure (1mark)
Below is a diagram of a tertiary operation. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
1. Name the operation (1mark)
2. Explain the process of performing the operation (1mark)
3. Name the implement that can be used to achieve the operation (1mark)
4. State the importance of carrying out the operation (2marks)
Below is the diagram of a planting material. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
1. Label the parts labelled i, ii and iii (3marks)
2. State two factors that determine seed rate (2marks)
Below is the set up of three different types of soil.
1. State the aim of the experiment (1mark)
2. State two ways of improving the soil structure labelled Z (1mark)
3. Name three processes of rock weathering (3marks)

SECTION C: 40 MARKS
Answer any two questions from this section.

Study the following information which was extracted from Mr Kibui’s farm records on 30th November 2022 and answer the questions that follow.

Loans payable to bank

Five milking cows

400 layers

20 goats

Debts payable to cooperative

Buildings and structures

Bonus payable to workers

Cattle feed in store

Animals drugs in store

Breakages to repair

Cash at hand

Cash in bank

Spray equipment

Debts receivable

Ksh.300,000

Ksh.250,000

Ksh.80,000

Ksh.30,000

Ksh.20,000

Ksh.600,000

Ksh.19,000

Ksh.10,000

Ksh.4,000

Ksh.30,000

Ksh.20,000

Ksh.30,000

Ksh.12,000

Ksh.18,000

Prepare a balance sheet for Mr Kibui’s farm using the information above (8marks)
Was Mr Kibui’s business concern solvent or insolvent (1mark)
Name any other financial statement that can be found in Mr Kibui’s farm (1mark)
Describe five factors to consider in siting farm structures (10marks)

1. Describe the procedure of silage making (5marks)
2. State five effects of wind on crop production (5marks)
3. State five precautions that should be observed when harvesting cotton (5marks)
4. Why should it be advisable to use a nursery in crop production (5marks)
1. State five ways through which a farmer can adjust to risks and uncertainties in farming (5marks)
2. Describe the marketing functions in agricultural economics (5marks)
3. Describe the safety precautions a farmer should take when using herbicides (5marks)
4. Explain five physical methods of pest control (5marks)

MARKING SCHEME

SECTION A: 30 MARKS
Answer all questions in this section in the spaces provided

Give four reasons why farmers are encouraged to practice organic farming (2marks)
- Environment friendly
- Organic material are easily available
- Products fetch high prices in the international market
- Cheap as materials are locally available
Distinguish between GDP and GNP (2marks)
- GDP is the sum total of all goods and services produced by a country within one year while GNP is the sum total of all goods and services produced by the nationals/citizens of a county ( mark as a whole )
What is meant by the following terms (2marks)
1. Seed inoculation
  - Coating legumes with right strain of nitrogen fixing bacteria
2. Seed dressing
  - Coating seeds with right chemical to guard attack by soil borne pests and pathogens
Name four types of terraces (2marks)
- Narrow based terraces
- Broad based terraces
- Fanya juu terraces
- Fanya chini terraces
- Bench terraces
Name the routine field practice done by;
1. Removal of extra suckers in a banana stool (1mark)
  - Banana stool management
2. Removal of old stems down to level of top foliage in pyrethrum (1mark)
  - Cutting back in pyrethrum
3. Removal of suckers from coffee bushes (1mark)
  - Desuckering in coffee
State three characteristics of phosphatic fertilizers (1.5marks)
- Sparingly soluble in water
- Have a long residue effect in soil
- Not liable to leaching
- Have a slight scorching effect
Explain the relationship between scarcity and choice as used in agricultural economics (1mark)
- Scarcity is where production resources are limited in supply relative to demand therefore a choice has to be made which enterprises to allocate the limited resources (mark as a whole)
Outline four ways by which crop pests are classified (2marks)
- Mode of feeding
- Crops attacked
- Stage of development of the pest
- Stage of crop growth of the crop
- Scientific classification
- Level of damage
- Habitat/where they are found
State four advantages of land consolidation (2marks)
- Proper supervision
- Reduce transport cost
- Control soil erosion by building soil and water conservation structures
- Easier access to extension services
- Sound farm planning
Outline three benefits derived from trees used in agroforestry (1½marks)
- Sources of wood fuel
- Used in soil and water conservation
- Source of livestock feeds
- Source of income
- Source of fencing material
- Saves on labour spent on fetching firewood
- Has aesthetic value
State four practices which improve light intensity in crop production (2marks)
- Pruning
- Weeding
- Thinning
- Wider spacing
Give four factors that influence the quality of hay (2marks)
- Stage of harvesting
- Length of drying period
- Species of crops
- Storage conditions
- Leaf stem ratio
- Weather conditions during the drying process
Outline two other methods of conserving forage in the farm (1mark)
- Standing forage
- Silage
State four factors that determine the demand of a commodity in a free market (2marks)
- Advertisement
- Price of related goods
- Level of income
- Taste and preference of the consumers
Give four varieties of tomatoes grown for processing (2marks)
- Primabel
- San marzano
- Cal J
- Seinz
- Kenya beauty
- Rulgers 10x hybrid
State two advantages of mixed farming (1mark)
- There is mutual benefit between crops and livestock
- Total failure cannot be experienced because it is a method of diversification
- It gives maximum utilization of the available land
- The farmer has a constant flow of income throughout the year
- Available labour is properly utilized throughout the year
- Where legumes forms part of the crops soil fertility is maintained
Name any two land systems practiced in Kenya (1mark)
- Leasehold/landlordism/tenancy
- Company/ concession
- Individual ownership/ individual owner operator
- State ownership/government ownership
- Cooperative land tenure

SECTION B: 20 MARKS
Answer all questions in the spaces provided

Illustrated below is a method of turning compost. Study the method and answer the questions that follow.
1. Identify the method (1mark)
  - Four heap system
2. Using arrows in the diagram, show how the turning is done before the manure can be taken to the field (2marks)
3. After how long should the compost be ready (1mark)
  - Three months
4. Apart from the above named type of organic manure, name any other two types of organic manure (1mark)
  - Green manure
  - Farmyard manure
Below is a diagram of a tertiary operation. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
1. Name the operation (1mark)
  - Ridging
2. Explain the process of performing the operation (1mark)
  - The soil is dug in a continuous line and heaped on the sides to form a bund/ridge
3. Name the implement that can be used to achieve the operation (1mark)
  - Ridger
4. State the importance of carrying out the operation (2marks)
  - Promotes expansion of tubers
  - Facilitates easy harvesting of root crops
  - Helps to conserve soil and water
  - Facilitates drainage in water logged soils
  - Prevents greening of Irish potato tubers
Below is the diagram of a planting material. Study it and answer the questions that follow.
1. Label the parts labelled i, ii and iii (3marks)
  1. Crown
  2. Slip
  3. Sucker
2. State two factors that determine seed rate (2marks)
  - Number of seeds per hole
  - Germination percentage
  - Seed purity
  - Purpose for which the crop will be put
  - Spacing used
Below is the set up of three different types of soil.
1. State the aim of the experiment (1mark)
  - To compare capillarity of different types of soil
2. State two ways of improving the soil structure labelled Z (1mark)
  - Draining water from the soil
  - Planting trees with high water uptake e.g. eucalyptus
3. Name three processes of rock weathering (3marks)
  - Physical/mechanical
  - Chemical
  - Biological

SECTION C: 40 MARKS
Answer any two questions from this section.

Study the following information which was extracted from Mr Kibuli’s farm records on 30th November 2022 and answer the questions that follow.

Prepare a balance sheet for Mr Kibuli’s farm using the information above (8marks)

ASSETS	AMOUNT		LIABILITIES
ASSETS	AMOUNT		AMOUNT
Fixed assets	Kshs	Cts	Long term liabilities	Kshs	Cts
Building and structure	600,000	00	Loan payable at bank	300,000		00
Fixed milking cows	250,000	00	Short term liabilities
400 layers	80,000	00	Debts to cooperative	20,000		00
20 goats	30,000	00	Bonus payable to workers	19,000		00
Spray equipment	12,000	00	Breakages to repair	30,000		00
Total	972,000	00	Total	369,000		00
Current assets			Capital/net worth
Cattle feed in store	10,000	00	Owners’ equity	685,000		00
Animal drugs in store	4,000	00
Cash at hand	20,000	00
Cash at bank	30,000	00
Debts receivable	18,000	00
TOTAL	1,054,000	00	TOTAL	1,054,000		00

Was Mr Kibui’s business concern solvent or insolvent (1mark)
- Solvent
Name any other financial statement that can be found in Mr Kibui’s farm (1mark)
- Cash analysis statement
- Profit and loss account
Describe five factors to consider in siting farm structures (10marks)
- Purpose of the structure
- Nearness to social amenities
- Farmers taste and preferences
- Space for future expansion
- Relationship with other existing structures
- Position of the sun for better lighting
- Direction of prevailing winds
- Government regulation
- Type of soil
- Security for some enterprises e.g. poultry

1. Describe the procedure of silage making (5marks)
  - Prepare the silo
  - Cut the forage at the recommended stage of growth
  - Wilt for 8-12 hours and to a moisture content of 65-75%
  - Chop the wilted forage into fine pieces
  - Fill the silo and compact after every 10-12 cm layer formation
  - Fill rapidly
  - Check temperature level and ensure that it’s within 31°C. Compact further or add molasses if below 31°C
  - Cover with a polythene sheet or dry grass. Put soil
  - Dig a trench all round to drain off rain water
2. State five effects of wind on crop production (5marks)
  - Can cause damage to farm structure
  - Acts as agent of pollution
  - Contributes to crop lodging
  - It increases the rate of disease spread
  - It increases the rate of evapo-transpiration
  - Acts as an agent of seed dispersal
  - Carries away rain bearing clouds
3. State five precautions that should be observed when harvesting cotton (5marks)
  - Picking should not be done when wet
  - Pick on weekly basis for maintenance of quality
  - Avoid using sisal bags as the fibres would give ginning problems
  - Avoid mixing of seed cotton with leaves and twigs
  - Dry the picked cotton further before dispatch for maintenance of quality
4. Why should it be advisable to use a nursery in crop production (5marks)
  - Tender seedlings are given maximum attention
  - Helps raising of crops whose seeds are tiny and cannot be planted directly in the seed bed
  - Enables raising of many seedlings in a small plot of land
  - Extra seedlings can be sold to earn income
  - Crops takes a shorter time in the field
  - Enables selection of healthy and vigorously growing seedling
  - Gives a high germination percentage – lower seed rate is used
  - Facilitates easy undertaking of management practices
1. State five ways through which a farmer can adjust to risks and uncertainties in farming (5marks)
  - Diversification
  - Contractual farming
  - Insurance
  - Input rationing
  - Flexibility in production method
  - Adopting modern methods
2. Describe the marketing functions in agricultural economics (5marks)
  - Advertising
  - Provide finances
  - Transportation
  - Storage
  - Packaging
  - Processing
  - Grading
  - Assembling
  - Buying
  - Gathering/assembling
3. Describe the safety precautions a farmer should take when using herbicides (5marks)
  - Wear protective clothing
  - Avoid inhaling herbicides
  - Read manufacturer’s instructions and follow
  - Avoid sucking/blowing blocked nozzles
  - Wash thoroughly after handling herbicides
  - Keep herbicides out of reach of children
  - Spray in calm weather
  - After, wash the equipment thoroughly
4. Explain five physical methods of pest control (5marks)
  - Use of lethel temperatures
  - Proper drying of produce
  - Flooding
  - Suffocation
  - Physical destruction
  - Use of physical barrier
  - Use of electromagnetic radiation