IRE Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Term 3 Form 3 End Exams 2023

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Computer Studies Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Form 3 End Term 3 Exams 2023

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INSTRUCTIONS:

This paper contains six (6) questions.
Answer any FIVE questions
All answers must be in English.

1. Mention five basic principles of Islamic morality (5marks)
2. Identify seven ways in which a Muslim can use his/her tongue as sadaqah (7marks)
3. State the Islamic manners on sleeping. (8marks)
1. Explain the rationale of prophet Muhammad (PBUH’s) marriages. (6marks)
2. What are the rights of children in Islam. (6marks)
3. State and explain the types of talaq. (8marks)
1. Discuss the essential conditions of Mirath in Islam (6marks)
2. Why is it important for Muslims to keep records of business transactions (7marks)
3. Give seven reasons for the prohibition of Riba in Islam (7marks)
1. Describe five unIslamic practices in Arabia during the Jahiliya period. (5marks)
2. Discuss five challenges faced by Abubakar (RA) when he took over the caliphate (10marks)
3. Highlight the achievements of Umar bin Abdul Aziz during his reign as an Umayyad Caliph (5marks)
1. Discuss five factors that led to the decline of the Umayyad Dynasty (10 marks)
2. State the role of Kabaka Mutesa 1 in the spread of Islam in Uganda (5 marks)
3. Elaborate five challenges Kenyan Muslims face in education. (5marks)
1. Identify the reasons why Uthman Dan Fodio strongly criticized the Hausa ruling class. (5 marks)
2. Discuss Uthman Dan Fodio’s contribution to the development of Islam. (10marks)
3. State five rules of conduct formulated by Imam Ghazali. (5 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Basic principles of Islamic morality
  1. Allah (S.W.T) is the creator and source of all goodness, truth and beauty.
  2. Man is a responsible, dignified and honorable agent of his Creator.
  3. Allah (SW.T) has put everything in the heavens and the earth in the service of mankind.
  4. By His Mercy and Wisdom, Allah (S.W.T) does not expect the impossible from man or hold him accountable for anything beyond his power. Nor does Allah (S.W.T) forbid man to enjoy the good things of life.
  5. Moderation, practicality and balance are guarantees of high integrity and sound morality.
  6. All things are permissible in principle except what is singled out as obligatory, which must be observed and what is singled out as forbidden, which must be avoided.
  7. Man’s ultimate responsibility is to Allah (S.W.T) and his highest goal is the pleasure of his Creator. (5 x 1 = 5mks)
2. Ways in which a Muslim can use his tongue as sadaqa:
  1. Saying the truth in testimony and words
  2. Forbidding evil deeds and commanding the good.
  3. Reciting the Qur’an.
  4. Saying the Adhkar i.e. tasbih(subhanallah), tahmid (Alhamdulillah) and tahlililah (la illaha ilaaha illallah)
  5. Bringing peace and reconciliation
  6. Giving admonition and advices to fellow Muslims and even to non- Muslims.
  7. Acting with justice between two people. ( x 1 = 7mks)
3. State the Islamic manners on sleeping. (8marks)
  1. Recitation of dua before sleeping and when waking up.
  2. Recitation of the muawadhatein.
  3. Sleeping on the right side.
  4. Taking wudhu before sleeping
  5. Rubbing the whole body after reciting the dua and muawadhatein.
  6. Going to bed early
  7. Ensure you clean your body off any dirt.
  8. Cover your nakedness.
  9. Avoid lying on your stomach.
  10. Recite a dua in case you wake up in the middle of the night. (8 x 1 = 8mks)
1. Rationale of Prophet Muhammad’s marriages
  1. To continue with the practice that Allah had prescribed to his predecessors’ like prophets Ibrahim, Yaqub and Suleiman (A.S)
  2. To eradicate the Quraish traditions and prejudices. The Quraish used to see themselves as superior beings to other tribes.
  3. To establish and implement the Islamic law. Allah (S.W.T) ordered the prophet (P.B.U.H) to marry Zainab bint Jaash who had been married by his adopted son Zayyid bin al-Harith so that He could put to an end the Arab practice of referring to adopted sons their own.
  4. For protection and security of the widows whose husbands had died in jihad wars. eg Saudah bint Zamah (widowed by Sakran bin Amro) and Zainab bint Khuzaimah (widow to Abdullah bin Jaash).
  5. To promote good relations between Muslims and non Muslims. For example his marriage to Jurawrriya bint al Harith who was the daughter of a tribal chief of Banu Mustaliq clan of Arabia.
  6. To disseminate Islamic knowledge and in particular enforce domestic laws. He married Aisha Bint Abu Bakar (R.A.) and Ummu Salamah (R.A.) who memorized a number of hadith and used to train the other women on religious and family matters.
    (6 x 1 = 6mks)
2. Rights of children in Islam
  Rights to
  1. Life
  2. Shelter
  3. Decent and proper clothes
  4. Food
  5. Medical care/health care.
  6. Nutritional care.
  7. Proper upbringing.
  8. Good names.
  9. Protection from outside aggression.
  10. Education and spiritual well- being.
  11. Proper environment to grow in.
  12. Good friends/ company.
  13. Counseling and/ guidance
  14. Legitimacy – should have a father. (6 x 1 = 6mks)
3. Types of talaq
  1. Mubarat – It’s the divorce mutually agreed by the husband and wife. Talaqa by mutual consent.
  2. Khul’a – Divorce sought by the wife.
  3. Talaqa by the husband – This is sought by the husband for different reasons from the wife e.g. rudness, negligence of duties etc.
  4. Faskh – Divorce by the Kadhis court.
  5. Dhihaar – It’s a situation in which the husband tells his wife that she is like the backside of her mother. (4 x 2 = 8mks)
1. Essential conditions of Mirath
  1. Death of a person; It should be proven that the owner of the estate to be inherited is dead
  2. Survival of the heirs; The heirs to the deceased should be alive by the time of his death.
  3. Existence of the estate; The estate includes all the property and the financial gains and debts of the deceased. The estate should be legally owned by the deceased. (6 x 1 = 6mks)
2. Importance of record keeping in business transactions
  1. To determine the profitability of a business; by keeping proper records, the profit or loss made by the business can be easily calculated.
  2. To maintain proper financial control of the business in order to maximize profit. Caution must be exercised when handling revenue and expenses of the business.
  3. Proper record keeping will help determine whether or not the resources of the business are being managed efficiently.
  4. To be able to provide financial information about the business that assist in making informed decisions about the business.
  5. To provide the government with the necessary information to file a tax return as well as to furnish the relevant information if your business is being audited.
  6. Accurate and complete records enable you, or your accountant, to identify all your business assets, liabilities, income and expenses.
  7. That information helps you pinpoint both the strong and weak phases of your business operations.
  8. Record keeping is an essential source of evidence to detect business losses, internal fraud and theft.
  9. Businesses are expected to put in place a record keeping system to ensure that your Income Tax or/and Goods & Services Tax (GST) declarations are duly supported with the required documents.
  10. Failure to keep and retain records may be subjected to penalties under the Income Tax Act. (7 x 1 = 7mks)
3. Why Riba is prohibited in Islam.
  1. Creates bad blood between the tender and the borrowed thus leading to suspicion, mistrust, resentment and hatred between the lender and the borrower.
  2. It may lead to corruption as the borrower strives to pay off hence will looks for illegal ways and means of paying off debt.
  3. It widens the economic gap between the rich and the poor/ the haves and the have not.
  4. It is a form of exploitation since it leads to misappropriation of other people’s property without giving anything in return.
  5. It prevents people from working to earn money lawfully.
  6. It leads to inequality between the rich nations and poor nations.
  7. It keeps individual and countries in a vicious cycle of poverty.
  8. May cause suffering/ hardship to the borrower and his/ her family. (7 x 1 = 7mks)
1. The unIslamic practices in the Jahiliya period.
  1. Drinking alcohol, gambling and sexual promiscuity were common practices and social evils.
  2. Women were degraded and looked down upon. They were regarded as tools of sex and were inherited after the death of their husbands.
  3. People were either masters or slaves. The masters were highly privileged and ruled with high handedness, whereas the slaves or the subordinates were looked down upon and their rights deprived.
  4. People practiced worship of idols; there were 360 idols in the Al-Kaaba.
  5. There was disunity among tribes and clans that led to tribal wars and raids.
  6. The girl child was buried alive for fear of poverty and shame.
  7. There was caste system/discrimination on status of an individual/classification of people according to status.
  8. The weak and marginalized had no rights/disregard of human rights (5 x 1 = 5mks)
2. Five challenges faced by Abubakar (RA) when he took over the caliphate
  1. Some Arabs were denouncing Islam (Apostasy); They maintained that they had submitted to Muhammad as the prophet of God, but owed nothing to Abubakar.
  2. Refusal of some Muslims to pay Zakat; The news of the death of the Prophet (PBUH) made some new Muslims think that the Islamic State would crumble and they refused to pay Zakat.
  3. Rise of false prophets; Upon the death of the Prophet, some Arabs laid claimed that they were prophets and caused a lot of confusion. They included Tulaiha, Musailamah, Aswad Ansi and Sajah.
  4. Completing the planned war expedition to Syria; Before the death of the Prophet, he had sent Usama bin Zaid to conquer Syria. The army had not gone far when the Prophet fell ill and died. So they had to cancel their mission. When Abubakar (RA) became a caliph, he had to accomplish the mission.
  5. Compilation and preservation of the Qur’an As a result of the death of a number of memorizers, caliph Abubakar was forced to compile the Qur’an.
  6. Conquering the external enemies: The Persian and Romans were constantly attacking the Muslims. Abubakar had therefore to take action against them. (5 x 2 = 10mks)
3. Achievements of Umar bin Abdul Aziz
  1. Under his instructions a population census was taken on the diverse nationalities, races and creeds, inhabiting the state.
  2. A survey of the entire peninsula including those of her cities, rivers, seas and mountains was made.
  3. He improved Agriculture by carrying out a survey on the nature of the soil; varieties of products as well as mineral resources available. He asked his Governors to encourage their people to carry out farming and would repossess any land untilled for three years.
  4. A number of bridges in southern Spain were constructed and repaired.
  5. All over his vast empire thousands of public wells and inns were constructed.
  6. Charitable dispensaries were also opened to assist the poor.
  7. A spacious Friday Mosque was built at Saragossa in northern Spain.
  8. The Buit-ul-Maal (Public Treasury) was used for the sake of the poor Muslims. He ended the misappropriation that was done by the Umayyads.
  9. He reformed the taxation and made adequate arrangements for easy realization of taxes. He reduced the taxes for the non Muslims and the Muslims were exempted from paying taxes.
  10. He paid special attention to the prison reforms and instructed his General of Prisons to make weekly inspection of jails. Every prisoner was given a monthly allowance and proper seasonal clothing. Education of the prisoners led to their reformation.
  11. Umar Bin Abdul Aziz was very kind and just towards the non-Muslims and he made no distinction between the Arabs and non Arabs.
  12. He set a code of conduct for the rulers where justice was the measure for good administration. Any ruler who was unjust was dismissed.
  13. The postal services were made more efficient and accessible for the public.
  14. He forbade unpaid labour and raised the salaries for the workers as an incentive for hard work. (5 x 1 = 5mks)
1. Factors that led to the decline of the Umayyad Dynasty
  1. Succession disputes which led to fights and also unqualified rulers contributed to the fall of the Ummayads.
  2. Vastness of the empire made some governors autonomous and they created their own governments and disregarded the central government, this brought about divisions which led to their fall.
  3. Over taxation of the people made them lose confidence in the Ummayad rule.
  4. There was no standing army to defend the state this led to the weakening of the state.
  5. Harsh rule of the Ummayads led to revolts.
  6. They lost many battles leading to the weakening of the empire.
  7. The underprivileged group which consisted of the dhims, mawalii alids, Kharijities felt oppressed and rebelled against the Ummayads.
  8. Secularization of the state where the state was no longer rules according to the teachings of Quran and Hadith and immorality was condoned.
  9. Ummayads believed in the exclusiveness of the Arab race and excluded other races who rebelled and fought against them.
    (5 x 2 = 10mks)
2. Role of Kabaka Mutesa I in the spread of Islam in Uganda
  1. He ordered all his chiefs and subjects to embrace Islam and send messages with gift to the neighboring kingdoms asking them to join Islam.
  2. He declared Islam as the state religion.
  3. He held Qur’an recitation forums at his palace.
  4. He offered employment to many Muslims as clerks and secretaries.
  5. A central mosque was constructed in his palace and ordered all his chiefs to construct mosques in their regions.
  6. He also encouraged family mosques to be constructed.
  7. He stopped the Baganda tradition of killing people after the death of the King.
  8. He approved the use of the Islamic calendar in his kingdom.
  9. Islamic rituals like prayers, fasting were observed freely.
  10. He strictly observed the daily and Jumua prayers.
  11. The Arabic greeting was made the greeting of the state.
  12. He ordered animals to be slaughtered according to the Islamic law. (5 x 1 = 5mks)
3. Challenges Kenyan Muslims face in Education
  1. Inadequate schools sponsored by Muslims or owned by them.
  2. Shortage of Muslim teachers and not enough trained and qualified teachers.
  3. School and other institutions of learning lack adequate facilities.
  4. Lack of tertiary institutions in the country where Muslims can continue with higher education.
  5. Schools situated in remote areas are far apart and inaccessible; children have to walk long distances to and from school. This affects their performance and attendance.
  6. Poverty prevents many parents from sending their children to school as they cannot afford the fees and other levies.
  7. Lack of awareness by some parents on the value of educating their children especially girl child.
  8. Ineffective leadership which does not promote and encourage education among Muslims.
  9. Political interferences and controversies in running schools.
  10. Muslims children also attend Madrassa and Duksi along alongside formal education so they tend to be overworked and overburdened.
  11. Marginalization of the regions predominantly occupied by Muslims in all areas of development including education.
  12. Indifference and apathy by Muslims towards education as a result of marginalization.
  13. Lack of funds to build school and other educational facilities.
  14. Lack of infrastructure in the areas occupied by Muslims makes it impossible to attract teachers education sponsor to them.
    (5 x 1 = 5mks)
1. Reasons why Uthman Dan Fodio strongly criticized the Hausa ruling class
  1. Their heavy taxation and violation of the Muslim Law.
  2. Their oppression and unfairness.
  3. The giving and acceptance of bribes.
  4. The imposition of unfair taxes to their subjects.
  5. Forceful seizing of land from its owners.
  6. Unauthorized grazing of animals on other people’s crops.
  7. Extorting money from the poor.
  8. Imprisonment of his subjects on false charges. (5 x 1 = 5mks)
2. Uthman Dan Fodio’s contribution to the development of Islam.
  1. He challenged the scholars of the time over extremism by writing a book showing that extremism was a wrong concept.
  2. He taught that all Madhhabs are correct and should be respected.
  3. He reconciled Islamic scholarship with Sufism and emphasized that Tassawuf should be for the knowledge of the heart.
  4. He declared custom duties as a source of public revenue.
  5. He forbade revenue officers from accepting gifts from their subjects.
  6. He fought against the cultures that were undermining the rights of women e.g. denial of education, restriction from movement, female circumcision, among others.
  7. He warned the society against Bid’aa (inventing things which are contrary to Islamic belief).
  8. He emphasized revival of the Hisbah institutions whose functions included checking the prices, quality of goods, correct weights and measures, prevention of fraud and earning interest.
  9. He fought against the corrupt Hausa kings and advocated for the removal of oppressive rules on the defeated lot and the powerless people.
  10. He wrote a book called (Nurul Al Baab) ‘The light of men of understanding.’
  11. He was the founder of the Sokoto Caliphate which secured firm roots for the spread of Islam in Hausa Land. (5 x 1 = 5mks)
3. Rules of conduct formulated by Imam Ghazali
  1. Good intention is most essential in Muslim deeds and action. It should remain unchanged under all circumstances.
  2. Muslims should have a unity of purpose in the service of Allah (SWT), the Creator of this universe.
  3. Muslims should conform to truth and have the courage to fight against their own inclination by forsaking pleasure and enduring pain by exercising self- discipline.
  4. Muslims should avoid bid’a (all innovations in matters of religion) and conform to life established practice, for authority is always better than anarchy.
  5. They should be alive to the evils of procrastination and show steadfast zeal and determination in their work.
  6. As human beings, we should acknowledge our inability to accomplish anything without the help of Allah, but we should not use it as a pretext to laziness.
  7. The doctrine for salvation by faith with ‘Al ahazali’ for the ‘fear and hope’ (Khawf wa Raj’a) means that Muslims should not feel secure (with Allah’s punishment) and satisfied merely with their good conduct in life, but should also place their hope (Raja) in Allah who is all Merciful.
  8. Muslims should lead a life of devotion and prayers.
  9. Muslims should continuously observe and watch over their hearts (Muraqabah). He who persists in watching and observing his own heart and banishes there from everything will find Allah and His grace.
  10. A consecration to the knowledge of Allah brings us closer to Him. (5 x 2 = 10mks)