History Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Form 4 End Term 2 Exams 2023

INSTRUCTIONS TO ALL CANDIDATES

• This paper consists of three sections A, B and C
• Answer ALL questions in section A, Three questions in section B and Two in section C
• All answers must be written in English.

SECTION A (25 MARKS)

Answer all questions in this section

1. Identify one branch in the study of History and Government of Kenya (1mk)
2. Identify two prehistoric sites where the remains of Kenyapithecus were discovered in Kenya (2mks)
3. Name the remnants of the southern cushites in Kenya. (1mk)
4. Name the original homeland of the River-Lake Nilotes of Kenya. (1mk)
5. Identify the winds that aidedthe early visitors to come to the Kenyan Coast upto 1500 AD (1mk)
6. Give one Arab family that ruled the East Africa Coast on behalf of the Oman Arabs in the 16 th Century (1mk)
7. Give two ways in which direct democracy is practised in Kenya today. (2mks)
8. List down two survival rights of children (2mks)
9. Name the treaty that marked the colonial spheres of influence in East Africa in 1886(1mk)
10. Identify two ways in which the Maasai benefited from their collaboration with the British (2mks)
11. Give two reasons why the British used direct rule in most parts of Kenya (2mks)
12. Give two reasons why parliament is regarded as supreme in Kenya. (2mks)
13. Name the county that resolves presidential petitions in Kenya (1mk)
14. Identify two national philosophies adopted at independence to promote social justice in Kenya. (2mks)
15. Give the main function of a County Assembly (1mk)
16. Give two external sources of revenue in Kenya (2mks)
17. Name the form of government that Kenya adopted under the new constitution 2010 (1mk)

SECTION B (45 MARKS )

Answer any THREE Questions from this section.

18.  
    1. Give five reasons for the migration of the MijiKenda from Shungwaya during the pre- Colonial period. (5mks)
    2. Describe the political organization of the Luo in the 18 th century. (10mks)
19.  
    1. Identify three methods used by the British to establish their rule in Kenya (3mks)
    2. Explain six results of the Mau Mau Liberation struggle in Kenya. (12mks)
20.  
    1. Give five reasons why the British Government encouraged Europeans to settle In Kenya. (5mks)
    2. Explain five results of the colonial Land Policies in Kenya (10mks)
21.  
    1. State three economic challenges which Kenya was experiencing at independence. (3mks)
    2. Explain six factors which have undermined government’s effort in the provision of Education in Kenya. (12mks)

SECTION C (30 MKS)

Answer any Two Questions from this section.

22.  
    1. State five circumstances that can make a Kenyan citizen to be denied the right to life. (3mks)
    2. Explain five ways through which the constitution of Kenya promotes national unity (10mks)
23.  
    1. State three parliamentary duties of the president in Kenya. (3mks)
    2. Explain six factors that may undermine the administration of justice in Kenya. (12mks)
24.  
    1. List down three roles of the ruling party in government and nation building in Kenya (3mks)
    2. Describe six achievements of multi-party democracy in Kenya. (12mks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Identify one branch in the study of History and Government in Kenya (1mks)
   • Social History
   • Economic history
   • Political History
2. Identify two pre-historic sites where the remains of Kenyapithecus were discovered in Kenya (2mks)
   • Fort Ternan
   • Lake Turkana basin
   • The Samburu Hills
   • Around Lake Baringo
3. Remnants of the Southern Cushites (1mk)
   • Sanye
4. Name the original homeland of the River-Lkenilotes of Kenya. (1mk)
   • Bahr-al-Ghazal
5. Identify the winds that aided the early visitors to come to the Kenyan Coast upto 1500 AD   (1mk)
   • The North East monsoon winds
6. Give one Arab family that ruled the East African Coast on behalf of the Oman Arabs (1mk)
   • MazruiBusaidi
   • NabahaniYarubi
7. Give two ways in which direct democracy Is practiced in Kenya today (2mks)
   • Referendum plebiscite
   • Recall
   • Initiative
8. List down two survival rights of children
   • Right to a name and nationality from birth
   • Right to basic nutrition, shelter and healthcare
9. Name the treaty that marked the colonial spheres of influence in East Africa in 18861 (1mk)
   • The Anglo – German Agreement of 1886
10. Identify two ways in which the Maasai benefited from their collaboration with the British. (2mks)
    • The Maasai got profitable employment in the service of the British as auxiliaries, guidesand mercenaries
    • All the livestock that was confiscated from resisting communities was given to the Maasai
11. Give two reasons why the British used direct rule in most parts of Kenya. (2mks)
    • Most communities resisted the British rule
    • The British had enough administrators
    • There were many ethnic groups in Kenya.
    • Most communities did not have centralized administrative systems
12. Give two reasons why parliament is regarded as supreme in Kenya. (2mks)
    • Has power to pass a vote of no confidence in government
    • It is the highest law making body
    • It can alter or amend the constitution
    • Has power to declare war or state of emergency
    • Financial control /approves budget
    • Parliamentary impunity
13. Name the court that resolves presidential petitions in Kenya (1mk)
    • Supreme court
14. Identify two national philosophies adopted at independence to promote social justice In Kenya (2mks)
    • African socialism
    • Harambee
15. Give the main function of a county Assembly (1mk)
    • Making county laws
16. Give two external sources of revenue in Kenya. (2mks)
    • Foreign aid / loans
    • Grants from foreign countries
    • Donation from foreign nations
17. Name the form of government that Kenya adopted under the New Constitution 2010 (1mk)
    • Devolved government

SECTION B

18.  
    1. Give five reasons for the migration of the MijiKenda from shungwaya during the pre-Colonial period. (5mks)
       • Due to attacks by the Oromo/Cushiticspeakers population pressure.
       • Population pressure
       • Due to internal conflicts
       • In search for land for cultivation
       • Natural calamities like drought and famine
         
       • Human and livestock epidemics
       • spirit of adventure
    2. Describe the political organization of the Luo during the pre-colonial period. (10mks)
       • family was the lowest unit and its head was the father who was refered to as Jaduong
       • several families formed a clan
       • There were lineage councils (Bush Dhoot) which settled domestic issues
       • A council of elders existed for settling domestic issues
       • Clans were grouped together to form Oganda headed by a chief (Ruoth)
       • There existed a council of elderd(Bush piny) which comprised of representative from each clan and mainly settled inter-clan disputes
       • There was a class of warriors (Thuondi) headed by a war leader (Osumbamryayi ) and its main responsibility was to defend the community.
       • The Luo was a decentralized community as they did not have an overall leader.
19.  
    1. identify three methods used by the British to establish their rule in Kenya. (3mks)
       • Military conquest
       • Signing of treaties
       • Establishment of administrative posts
       • Trickery
       • Use of missionaries to persuade Africans to accept British authority
       • Company rule(They occupied areas previously under the imperial British East Africa Company (IBEA co)
    2. Explain six results of the Mau Mau liberation struggle in Kenya (12mks)
       • Led to loss of many lives
       • The prolonged period of fighting made the people of central Kenya live in fear and misery.
       • Many people were arrested and detained in detention camps.
       • It led to depletion of resources of the colony Britain
       • The colonial government became more responsive to Africans demands
       • The ban on formation of political association was lifted
       • It led to social divisions in communities, into loyalists and those who did not support the colonial system.
       • It motivated Africans from other African countries to fight for their independence
20.  
    1. Give five reasons why the British Government encouraged Europeans to settle in Kenya   (5mks)
       • The climate of the white highlands was suitable for white settlement and agriculture
       • Colonial government wanted to make Kenya a white man’s colony
       • Settlers were to finance the administrative costs of the colony
       • Settlers would help pay for the construction costs of the railway line.
       • Apart from land, there were no other natural resources to be exploited in the colony
       • Africans did not have the funds and technical skills for large scale farming
       • Settlers were expected to produce raw materials for British industries.
       • To check the Asian influence in Kenya
    2. Explain five results of the colonial Land policies in Kenya. (10mks)
       • Africans lost their land
       • The Africans who lost their land became poor
       • Displaced Africans were confined to native reserves
       • Many Africans become squatters and lived in misery
       • Landless Africans were forced to offer labour in settler farms
       • Displaced Africans were forced to move to towns in search of jobs
       • Loss of land led to bitterness and later to African nationalism
21.  
    1. State three economic challenges that Kenya was experiencing at independence (3mks)
       • High poverty levels among people
       • Africanization of economy
       • Unfavourable balance of trade
       • Inadequate capital for development
       • Redistribution of land/settling landless people.
       • Low salaries
    2. Explain six factors which have undermined government’s effort in the provision of
       • Education in Kenya. (12mks)
       • Traditional/cultural beliefs in some communities
       • Inadequate education facilities
       • High poverty levels
       • Negative attitude towards adult educations programmes
       • Insecurity in some regions of the country
       • High drop out rate of girls at higher levels of learning
       • Frequent changes and revision of the curriculum
       • Frequent industrial unrest by tutors over pay
       • Unemployment for people with higher education and technical skills
       • Insecurity in some regions of the country.

SECTION C (30MKS)

Answer two questions ONLY from this section

22.  
    1. State five circumstances that can make a Kenyan citizen to be denied the right to life
       • In self – defence
       • When the life of law enforcing officer is endangered
       • When preventing escape of lawfully detained person
       • When preventing a person from committing a crime/felony
       • When suppressing a riot/rebellion/mutiny
       • When the country is at war
    2. Explain five ways through which the constitution of Kenya promotes national unity
       • Guarantees equal opportunities to all Kenyans
       • Provides for unitary government
       • Provides protection to individuals against any form of discrimination
       • It is the supreme law of the land
       • It provides mechanisms for settlement of disputes hence limiting conflicts
23.  
    1. State three parliamentary duties of the president in Kenya. (3mks)
       • The president forms the government after election/appoints the cabinet
       • To summon parliament after a general election
       • To address the opening of each new parliament
       • To give assent to bills before they become laws
    2. Explain six factors that may undermine the administration of justice in Kenya. (12mks)
       • Inadequate personnel leading to delays in the administration of justice
       • External interference of justice
       • Corruption in courts leading to unfair rulings
       • High court fees which limits public access to the courts
       • Poor terms of service and working conditions of some members of the judiciary
       • The use of outdated laws
       • Shortage of equipment and facilities e.g computers
       • Inability by the police to carry out thorough investigations on suspected criminal activities
       • Confining suspects in remand for longer periods before presenting them to court
24.  
    1. List down three roles of the ruling party in government and nation building in Kenya (3mks)
       • It forms government
       • Formulates government policies
       • Monitor’s the people’s general feelings
       • Promotes the country’s social economic development
       • Promotes political awareness and general education
       • Formulates foreign policy
       • Lay down the policy to guide it’s members of parliament
       • Works with civil servants in implementing government policies
    2. Describe six achievements of multi party democracy in Kenya (12mks)
       • It enhances checks and balances as opposition parties point out government excesses
       • It has opened up democratic space as people can air their views without fear of intimidation
       • It has facilitated mobilisation of more people to take part in the democratic process
       • It has facilitated provision of civic education
       • It has promoted unity as members of different ethnic groups form political parties of their choice
       • It has provided training ground for leaders
       • It has provided an alternative approach to the management of government affairs
       • It has enabled the opposition to debate issues that the government may be silent to
       • It has given citizens a voice in the appointment of public officers