Biology Paper 1 Questions and Answers - KCSE 2022 Prediction

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Write your name, Admission number and name of your school in the spaces provided above
• Sign and write the date of examination in the spaces provided.
• Answer all the questions in the spaces provided.
• This paper consists of 8 printed pages.
• Candidates should check to ascertain that all pages are printed as indicated and that no questions are missing

Questions

1.    
   1. Name the causative agents of the following diseases in humans.
      1. Typhoid. (1mk)
      2. Amoebic dysentery. (1mk)
2. State the function of the following cell organelles.
   1. Ribosome. (1mk)
   2. Lysosomes (1mk)
   3. Nucleolus. (1mk)
3.    
   1. Name one defect of the circulatory system in humans. (1mk)
   2. State three functions of blood other than transport. (3mks)
4.    
   1. Distinguish between epigael and hypogeal germination in plants. (2mks)
   2. Name the gland that secretes the following hormones. (2mks)
      1.  Ecdysone
      2. Juvenile
5.    
   1. Give two sex linked genes found on the Y-chromosome. (2mks)
   2. Below is a nucleotide strand
      

      A

      A

      G

      T

      C

      1. Identify the type of nucleic acid. (1mk)
      2. Give a reason for your answer in (a) above. (1mk)
6.    
   1. Distinguish between homologous and analogous structures. (2mks)
   2. Give one reason why organisms become resistant to drugs. (1mk)
7. The following specimen was extracted from a newly discovered organism.
   
   
   1. Name the tooth labeled M. (1mk)
   2. Name the part labeled Q and state its role. (2mks)
      Name…………………………………………
      Role……………………………………..……
8. The diagram below represents a cell organelle
   
   1. Name the part labeled Y. (1mk)
   2. State the function of the part labeled X. (1mk)
   3. Explain how dark stage of photosynthesis is dependent on the light stage. (2mks)
9.    
   1. Name two gaseous exchange surfaces in plants. (2mks)
   2. What is the importance counter current flow system in fish? (2mks)
10. Form three students wanted to estimate the population in 5km2 grass field near a school compound. They captured 36 grass hoppers and marked them before returning them to the field. After a few days they made another catch of grasshoppers. They collected 45 grasshoppers out of which only 4 had marks.
    
    1. Name the method of population estimation the students used. (1mk)
    2. State two assumptions that were made by the students during the study. (2mks)
    3. From the data, calculate the population size of grasshopper. (2mks)
11. State the functions of the following parts. (2mks)
    1.    
       1. Endometrium
       2. Epididymis
    2. What mechanism facilities the movement of the ovum towards uterus. (1mk)
12. The diagram below represents the flow of energy in a food chain.
    Sun → Grass → Antelope → Leopard → Bacteria → P
    
    1. Suggest a reason why the energy labeled P does not enter food chain (1mk)
    2. State one way in which energy is lost from the food chain. (1mk)
13. The diagram below represents the cross section of a part of a certain plant.
    
    
    1. Name the class of the plant from which the section was taken. (1mk)
    2. Give a reason for your answer in a) above. (1mk)
    3. Name the parts labeled A and B. (2mks)
14. State two reasons why the study of biology is important. (2mks)
15. State the economic importance of the following plants excretory procedures. (3mks)
    1.  Caffeine
    2.  Quinine
    3. Colchicine
16. Define the following terms
    1. Irritability (1mk)
    2. Stimulus (1mk)
17. A process that occurs in plants is replaced by the equation below
    C₆H₁₂O₆ → 2C₂H₅OH+CO₂ + Energy
    1. Name the process. (1mk)
    2. State the importance of the process named in a) above. (2mks)
18.    
    1. What is Binomial Nomenclature? (1mk)
    2. State two rules that are followed when printing scientific names. (2mks)
19. Name three strengthening tissues in dicolyledonous plants. (3mks)
20. Name the site for gaseous exchange in insects. (1mk)
21.      
    1. What is alternation of generations (2mks)
    2. Explain why leaves of Peridophytes are referred to as Fronds. (1mk)
22. State four adaptations of red blood cells to its functions. (4mks)
23. The experiment illustrated below was set up to investigate a certain physiological process
    
    
    1. Name the physiological process that was being investigated. (1mk)
    2.      
       1. State the observations that were made after at the end of the experiment
       2. Inside the Visking tubing (1mk)
    3. Outside the Visking tubing (1mk)
    4. Account for the observations in b) above. (2mks)
24. State the differences between the following structures in wind and insect pollinated flowers. (3mks)
    1.  Anther
    2. Pollen grains
    3.  Stigma
       

       Wind Pollinated	Insect Pollinated flower

25. A student placed a drop of pond water in a cavity slide and observed it under the microscope. The student observed many fast moving organisms, one of which is represented in the diagram below.
    
    
    1. Name the kingdom to which the organism belongs. (1mk)
    2. Name the structures labeled P and N (2mks)
       P………………………………………………………..
       N………………………………………………………...
26. A person was found to pass out large volumes of dilute urine frequently. Name the;
    1. Disease the person was suffering from (1mk)
    2. Hormone that was deficient (1mk)

Marking Scheme

1.    
   1. Salmonellatyphi
   2. Entamoebahistolytica
      Rej/f rule of binomial nomenclature not followed
2.    
   1. Site for protein synthesis;
   2. Destroys worn out organelles;
   3. Synthesis of ribosomes;
3.    
   1. Haemophilia; anaemia
   2. Fight disease causing organisms (Defence)
      Blood clotting
      Distribution of heat
4.    
   1. Epigeal
      A type of germination where by the cotyledons are brought above the soil surface.
      Hypogeal
      A type of germination where by the cotyledons remain underground
   2.    
      1. Prothoracic gland;
      2. Corpora allata;
5.    
   1.    
      1. Tuft of hair on nose and ear;
      2. Premature baldness
         Rej porcupine man
   2.    
      1. DNA/Deoxyribonucleic acid
      2. Presence of thymine base;
6.    
   1. Homologous structures- structures in organisms having same embryonic origin but performing different function
   2.        
      • Mutation produces mutants that are resistant to drugs.
      • Produce lytic enzymes that breakdown drugs.
7.    
   1. Stomata
   2. Contain chlorophyll pigment that traps light energy for photosynthesis;
   3.  
      • Requires ATP; from light stage
      • Requires Hydrogen Ions; (H+) (OWTTE)
8.      
   1.  
      • Stomata; Epidermis; (young plants)
      • Lenticels; Aerenchymatisues;
      • Pneumatophores;
      • Cuticle (first 2 only)
   2. Creates a steep concentration gradient; for maximum gaseous exchange;
9.      
   1. Capture-recapture;
   2.  
      • Enough time allowed for grasshoppers to randomly mix;
      • The marking does not affect the animals behavior;
      • No migration or immigration;
   3. Population=First capture x second capture
                                Marked recapture
      = 36 X 45;
             4
      = 405 grasshoppers
10.    
    1.    
       1. Site for implantation;
       2. Storage of sperms
    2.  
       • Contraction and relaxation of smooth muscles of walls of fallopian tube;
       • Cilia waft the ovum towards the uterus.
11.  
    • The energy is lost through radiation into the atmosphere
    • Some of the energy is absorbed by land and water surfaces
12.    
    1. Monocotyledon
    2. Vascular bundles are scattered in the cortex
    3. A-Epidermis
       B -Phloem
13.  
    • Cared subject
    • Solving environmental problems
    • Acquisition of Scientific skills
    • Research tool/international cooperation
14.      
    1. Mild stimulant
    2. Treatment of malaria Rej antibiotic
    3. Plant and animal breeding
15.    
    1. Ability of an organism to detect/perceive and respond appropriately to a stimulus
    2. A change in an environment factor.
16.      
    1. Alcoholic fermentation/anaerobic respiration;
    2.  
       • Used in Beer/wine/alcoholic beverage industry;
       • Used in Bread Baking
       • Making of composed manure
       • Production of Biogas (Mark any two correct answers)
         
         
17.      
    1. Scientific system of giving two names (Genus and species name) to an organism;
       Acc Rule of double naming of organism.
    2. Genus name must be in small letters;
       The names should be (printed) in italics;
18.  
    • Sclerenchyma;
    • Collenchyma;
    • Xylem (tissues) (Acc xylem vessels and iracheds)
19. Tracheoles; rej Tracheal
20.      
    1. Where a plant goes through two generations sporophyte (spore producing stage) and gametophyte
       (gamete producing stage) stage to complete its life cycle;
    2. They perform both photosynthetic and reproductive functions;
21.  
    • Biconcave in shape to increase the surface area for gaseous exchange;
    • Absence of nucleus to create more space for packing of haemoglobin;
    • Thin membrane for rapid diffusion of gases;
    • Presence of carbonic Anhydrase for loading of Carbon (IV)
    • Presence of Haemoglobine that has a high affinity for oxygen;
    • Flexible/pliable to squeeze through the narrow blood capillaries (mark 1st 2)
22.      
    1. Diffusion
    2.    
       1. Blue black colour observed
       2. Brown/yellow colour Iodine/Acccolour of Iodine Persist;
    3. Iodine molecules being smaller diffuse from the beaker to the Visking tubing;
       Starch molecules being too large do not diffuse out of the Visking tubing into the beaker;
23. 
    

    Wind Pollination	Insect Pollination
    Anther hang outside the flower Pollen grains small/light/smooth Stigma large and feathering	Found inside the flower Large/hairy/heavy Small and sticky

24.    
    1. Protoctista;
    2. P- Cilliumrej cilia
       N- Contractile vacuole
25.      
    1. Diabetes Inspidus
    2. Antiduiretic Hormone/Vasopressin;