Home Science Paper 1 Questions and Answers - KCSE 2022 Past Papers

QUESTIONS

SECTION A (40 marks)
Answer all the questions in this section in the spaces provided.

1. List four materials used to make kitchen equipment.(2 marks)
2. Give two reasons why it is not advisable to wash eggs before storing them in the refrigerator.(2 marks)
3. State two ways in which marasmus can be managed.(2 marks)
4. Identify two situations where the use of packed meals would be appropriate.(2 marks)
5. Differentiate between deep fat frying and dry frying.(2 marks)
6. Define the term weaning.(1 mark)
7. Name four diseases that children are immunized against in Kenya (2 marks)
8. Highlight two causes of bruises that may occur at home.(2 marks)
9. State two ways in which bilharzia can be prevented.(2 marks)
10. Define the term soft furnishing and give two examples found in the home.(2 marks)
11. Identify two benefits of solar energy that makes it popular in Kenya.(2 marks)
12. Differentiate between direct and indirect lighting.(2 marks)
13. Name two Kenyan government bodies that protect consumers from exploitation.(1 mark)
14. Explain the meaning of the term hire purchase.(2 marks)
15. Give the meaning of the term laundry work.(2 marks)
16. State two factors to consider in the choice of a laundry detergent.(2 marks)
17. Give two uses of nylon fabric.(1 mark)
18. State three functions of facings in clothing construction.(3 marks)
19. Give the purpose of a grainline when constructing a garment.(2 marks)
20. Highlight two results achieved by the disposal of fullness in garment construction.(2 marks)
21. Highlight two reasons plastic clothes lines are popularly used today.(2 marks)

SECTION B (20 marks) (Compulsory)
Answer question 22 in the spaces provided.

22. You have invited your friends for your 17" birthday at your home. Outline the procedure you would follow to:
    1. clean a gas cooker with an oven that was used to bake the birthday cake; (5 1⁄2 marks)
    2. weekly clean a glass window in the living room area;(7 1⁄2 marks)
    3. launder a viscose blouse/shirt that you intend to wear during the party.(7 marks)

SECTION C (40 marks)
Answer any two questions from this section in the spaces provided after question 25.

23.                    
    1. Explain how each of the following factors influence buying of goods by consumers:
       1. price fluctuation;
       2. complimentary products;
       3. income.  (6 marks)
    2. Explain three points to consider when caring for kitchen cutting tools.(6 marks)
    3. Describe four ways of keeping pastries cool during their preparation to ensure quality products.(8 marks)
24.                    
    1. Outline four factors that determine the repair method to use on a garment during laundry.(8 marks)
    2. Explain three points to consider when buying a sewing machine. (6 marks)
    3. Describe three factors  that determine the type of seam to be used on a garment (6 marks)
25.            
    1. Explain three disadvantages associated with living in a temporary house. (6 marks)
    2. Describe four situations that would make a traditional birth attendant to refer an expectant mother to a hospital for delivery. (8 marks)
    3. Describe three methods you would use to remove dirt from surfaces in your classroom.(6 marks)

Marking Scheme

1. Materials used to make kitchen equipment:
   • Plastics
   • Stainless steel/steel
   • Glass
   • Wood
   • Aluminium.
   • Iron
   • Enamel
   • Copper
   • Tin
   • Any 4 x 1⁄2 (2 marks)
   • Earthenware/ceramics/clay
2. Reasons why it is not advisable to wash eggs before storing them in the refrigerator:
   • Washing makes the egg shells porous thus making them susceptible to entry of bacteria.
   • It increases the spoilage rate.
   • It increases the rate of absorption of smells from other foods in the refrigerator
   • It increases moisture absorption.
3. Ways in which marasmus can be managed:
   • Providing/giving the affected plenty of fluids.
   • Giving a balanced meal.
   • Providing meals that are easily digestible since the body is already weak.
   • Giving foods in small amounts.
   • The feeding should be done at regular intervals.
   • Seeking medical attention
4. Situations where packed meals are appropriate:
   • During picnics/journeys.
   • For lunch of school going children.
   • During school field trips/tours.
   • Workers who may not have access to food at or near their work place.
   • Working people who are on a prescribed diet.
   • When visiting the sick in hospitals/ visiting students in school
5. Diffe ence between deep-fat frying and dry frying:
   • Deep fat frying refers to cooking foods immersed completely in hot oil while dry frying is cooking food in its own fat in a shallow pan or cooking food in a slightly greased pan.
6. Definition of the term weaning
   • This is the gradual introduction of solid/semi-solid foods to a baby to compliment the mother's breast milk.
7. Diseases that children are immunized against in Kenya:
   • Tuberculosis
   • Measles Polio
   • Yellow fever
   • Influenza type B
   • DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis and Whooping cough)
   • Hepatitis B
   • Pneumonia
8. Causes of bruises that may occur at home:
   • Hitting the head against a wall.
   • Being hit by open doors, lockers, drawers, cabinets.
   • By slamming doors.
   • Rubbing the skin against a rough surface
   • Falling on a rough surface/ground
9. Ways through which bilharzia can be prevented:
   • Proper disposal of facces and urine i.e. should not be disposed off in/near water sources such as dams, rivers, lakes
   • Treating drinking water.
   • Not bathing, swimming in infested water.
   • Wearing protective gear such as gumboots for those working in rice growing fields.
   • Draining stagnant water
10. Definition of the term soft furnishing, and examples found in the home:
    • Soft furnishing refers to items in the home made from fabrics.
    • Examples: curtains, carpets, cushions, rugs, chair covers, bedsheets, lamp shades, valances, pelmets, door mats, wall hangings, toilet seat covers, table clothes.
11. Benefits that have led to sola energy being popular in Kenya: It:
    • is a renewable source of energy
    • is readily available.
    • is cheap to produce as there is no cost apart from
    • installation.
    • is clean to use
    • is quick to use.
    • does not require much storage space.
    • is available even in areas where there is no supply of hydro-electric power.
    • Can easily be converted to alternating current for wider uses in the home
12. Diffe ence between direct and indirect lighting:
    • Direct lighting is the type of lightning where most of the light spreads downwards while in indirect lighting, the light is diverted onto a surface which then reflects the light onto the working area.
13. Kenyan government bodies that protect consumers from exploitation:
    • Weights and measures department.
    • Price control department.
    • Kenya Bureau of Standards/Kebs.
    • Food and drugs department Public health department Trade descriptions act
14. Description of hire purchase:
    • Form of instalment credit where by goods are obtained by first paying a certain percentage of the cost price in form of deposit/ A deposit is paid and the balance is paid in instalments.
15. Meaning of laundry work:
    • Laundry work is the process of removing dirt and creases from clothes and other household articles to restore their appearance or state.
16. Propertes of a good laundry detergent
    • Possess good cleansing power in both cold and warm water.
    • Be readily soluble to give a good lather which does not wear down too quickly.
    • Not contain substances that can harm fabrics or the user's hands
    • Be firm to touch.
    • Be easy to rinse out.
17. Uses of nylon fabrics:
    • For making:
    • stockings
    • dress fabrics
    • furnishings
    • lingerie/underwear
    • lining
    • night dresses/pyjamas swim wear sports wear
    • raincoats/umbrellas
    • ropes
18. Functions of facings in clothing construction:
    To:
    • neaten raw edges
    • give a good fit to the garment.
    • Provide/give fashion features. shape the garment.
    • add thickness
    • add strength/firmness/body
19. Purpose of grainline in garment construction:
    • Helps in positioning pattern pieces on the straight threads of fabric to ensure the garment drapes well when stitched.
20. Results achieved by disposal of fullness in garment construction:
    • Decorates the garment.
    • Gives a good fit for the garment.
    • Provides fashion features.
    • Shapes the garment.
21. Reasons why plastic clotheslines are popularly used:
    • They are:
    • readily available
    • cheap
    • rust free
    • available in appealing colours
    • easy to install and remove
    • resistant to weather changes
    • easy to clean
    • smooth
22.                  
    1. Procedure for cleaning a plain wooden food storage cupboard:
       • Collect cleaning equipment and materials
       • Remove  the movable parts
       • Using warm soapy water and a mild abrasive
       • clean the oven and movable parts
       • Rinse and dry the oven and movable parts Wipe the surface with warm soapy water Rinse the surface and dry it
       • Replace/fix the movable parts and connect the cylinder
       • Light  the gas burners to ensure that they are working Clean the equipment and store them appropriately
    2. Weekly cleaning a glass window in the living room area:
       • Collect the equipment and materials required
       • Draw the curtains and close the windows
       • High dust the windows and curtain box
       • Clean the frame with a clean cloth wrung out of warm soapy water
       • Rinse well and dry with a clean (1⁄2) cloth
       • Spray glass with a window cleaner (1⁄2), spread with a soft cloth and rub hard to remove all stains. Start cleaning from the outside to the inside.
       • Buff using a clean soft lint free cloth. Clean window catches and stays with window cleaner Polish and buff
       • Clean and store the equipment used appropriately
    3. Laundering a viscose blouse/shirt:
       • Collect the equipment and materials required
       • Use warm detergent water and kneading and squeezing method to wash. Rinse throuhly in warm water to remove all traces of detergent and dirt
       • Do a final rinse with cold water. Drip dry under shade . Iron on the wrong side using a moderately hot iron  before it is completely dry (1⁄2). Air  to dry completely. Fold and store appropriately. Clean  the equipment used
23.            
    1. Factors influencing buying of goods by consumers
       1. Price fluctuation
          • When prices of goods and services go up, consumers purchase less/have less purchasing power while when the prices go down consumers buy more/have more purchasing power
       2. Complementary products
          • This refers to products that are used together therefore as a consumer, one will need to buy the two items together for effective use of the product/s.
       3. Income
          • The amount of money one has determines the amount of goods to be bought. A reduction or increase in income reduces or improves the purchasing power of a household/person. With low income only basic needs will be met.
    2. Points to consider when caring for kitchen cutting tools;
       • Use kitchen cutting tools for the right purpose to prevent the cutting edge from getting blunt or damaged.
       • Avoid soaking them in water especially for those with wooden handles, as soaking causes warping, discolors wood and also loosens the joints. The blade of the knife should not be exposed to an open flame since it destroys the tong of the knife/ changes colour.
       • Sharpen the blade regularly to improve their efficiency.
       • Store knives individually to prevent the blades from coming into contact with each other thus becoming blunt/chipping
       • Clean properly according to the material to avoid damage
       • Pay special attention to joints and groves to avoid accumulation of dirt.
    3. Ways of keeping pastries cool during their preparation to ensure quality products:
       • Using flour that has been kept in a cool, dry place.
       • Keeping the fat in the refrigerator or a cool place until it is needed.
       • Using cold water that is freshly drawn from the tap since it contains more air.
       • Using fingertips to rub-in fat since they are the coolest parts of the hands.
       • Using a pastry knife/spatula to mix as they are cooler than fingers,
       • Rinsing the hands in cold water before handling pastry.
       • Handling pastry as little as possible.
       • Relaxing the pastry in a cool place between the rollings and before cooking.
24.                
    1. Factors that determine the repair method to be used on a garment during laundry work:
       • weight of the fabric
       • Heavy fabrics require darning to avoid adding more bulk through patching.
       • Size of the tear.
       • When the tear is big, use a patch rather than damn as it is stronger.
       • Method of fabric construction.
       • Knitted fabrics are best when darned while woven fabrics can use any method.
       • Cleansing method.
       • Items that require friction method when washing are best patched.
       • Effect desired.
       • To create interest, a decorative patch may be used while a calico patch may be used where strength is required.
       • Type of garment or article determines the type of repair to be done e.g for outer and inner garments.
       • Position of the tear
    2. Points to consider when buying a sewing machine:
       • Affordable/ the cost of machine in relation to the work to be done.
       • Buy from a reliable supplier who will be able to service and supply spare parts.
       • Choose one which is friendly to use for efficiency.
       • The purpose for which you are buying the machine e.g. heavy duty, for decoration or straight stitching.
       • The machine should have an instruction manual for ease of use.
       • Ensure that the machine is in good working condition for efficiency.
       • Ensure all attachments are provided for efficiency
       • Buy one that gives a variety of stitches/functions to make wise use of your money
       • It should have a guarantee/warranty to avoid loss
       • Factors that determine the type of seam to be used on a garment:
       • The effect the seam is intended to create
         This refers to whether the seam is decorative or not.
         If it is decorative then it should be conspicuous.
       • Type of garments.
         Outer garments may require different seams from the inner garments.
       • Type of fabric.
         Self neatening seams would be appropriate for fraying fabrics so that raw edges do not show on the right side.
         Ideally, heavy fabrics require seams that reduce bulk. Seams that enclose raw edges completely would be appropriate for fraying fabrics.
       • Style of garment.
         The style of garment influences the seam since some seams emphasize the style features desired.
       • The position of the seam on the garment.
         Some seams are more suitable on certain positions. than on others.
       • The wearer of the garment
25.                
    1. Disadvantages associated with living in a temporary house:
       • Privacy is limited since there are fewer rooms/it is not fully partitioned.
       • Security may be compromised/may not be safe since they are not strongly constructed
       • May be uncomfortable due to extreme temperatures/poor ventilation/loose materials.
       • They are not durable therefore they require frequent repairs/ they may leak during heavy rains.
       • It is associated with low social status leading to low self esteem.
    2. Situations that would make a traditional birth attendant to refer an expectant mother to a hospital for delivery:
       • In case of multiple births
       • In case of a breech presentation.
       • When the mother is too young or too old.
       • If the mother has had a miscarrigage at home.
       • In case labour takes longer than expected.
       • Mother having life threatening illness e.g Hypertension, HIV positive.
       • When the mother prefers hospital delivery.
    3. Methods of removing dirt from surfaces:
       • Sweeping-removing loose dirt using a broom.
       • Scrubbing -- removing fixed dirt from surfaces using a scrubbing brush and water.
       • Dusting - removing dust from a surface using a dry cloth/ duster.
       • Suction-removing dust/dirt from a surface using a vacuum cleaner.
       • Wiping-removing dirt from a surface using a wet mop, sponge or a cleaning cloth and water.
       • Picking-lifting dirt from the surface e.g papers