KCSE 2018 Music Paper 3 with Marking Scheme

QUESTIONS

SECTION A: BASIC SKILLS (30 marks)
Answer all questions in this section

1. Melody
   1. Starting with the given opening, compose a melody of sixteen bars for voice, modulating to the dominant and returning to the tonic. Incorporate a triplet.(9 marks)
      
   2. Compose a melody and set to it the text given below. Use the treble stave and a key of your choice.(6 marks)
      Mwanafunzi nenda shule, kila somo utawale
      Na wenzako uwapende, kazi bora ukatende.
2. Harmonise the soprano melody below for SATB. Choose appropriate chords from I, II, IV, V and VI. (15 marks)
   

SECTION B: HISTORY AND ANALYSIS (54 marks)

3. African Music
   1. Name four single-stringed fiddles from Kenya and identify the community that traditionally plays each of them.(4 marks)
   2. Outline four functions of the music that marks the birth of a new born baby in the traditional African society.(4 marks)
   3. Identify two Kenyan traditional dances named after the body part executing the main dance movement.(2 marks)
   4.                    
      1. Identify two types of songs that are purely solo in performance. (2 marks)
      2. Give the functions of any two parts of a traditional horn.(2 marks)
4. Western Music
   Answer any two of the questions (a), (b), (c) and (d) below.
   1. Giovanni da Palestrina
      1. State his musical engagements/roles at the following places:(4 marks)
         1. Santa Maria Maggiore...
         2. St. Agapito ..
         3. St. Peters Basilica ...........
         4. Julian Chapel .............
      2. Outline three features of Palestrina's compositions.(3 marks)
   2. Jean Philippe Rameau
      1. Outline two benefits of the Treatise on Harmony published by Rameau to music.(2 marks)
      2. Name a baroque opera composer whose reform ideas were influenced by Rameau's operatie style(1 mark)
      3. State the features of Rameau's opera with regard to the following:
         1. Recitative (1 mark)
         2. Arias(1 mark) 
         3. Choruses (1 mark)
      4. State his nationality(1 mark)
   3. Carl Phillip Emmanuel Bach
      1. Name the musical style he is credited to have founded. (1 mark)
      2. Identify three composers that influenced his early style. (3 marks)
      3. Name three genres of chamber music that he composed. (3 marks)
   4. Arnold Schoenberg
      1. What is "The 12-tone Technique"?(1 mark)
      2. Schoenberg's temporary separation from his wife in 1908 led him to compose "You Lean Against a Silver-Willow". State one unique feature of this piece.(1 mark)
      3. Name two ways in which he acquired his music skills in early life(2 marks)
      4. Name three of his students of composition that advanced his style.(3 marks)
5. Analysis of Prescribed African Music
   Maasai Folksong by Najile Boys (PPMC Recording of KMF 2014)
   1. Outline the sequence of events at the opening section of the performance in the recording(3 marks)
   2. Outline four elements which contribute to the creation of harmony in this performance.(4 marks)
   3. Describe the performance in this recording in relation to the following:
      1. Tempo(1 mark)
      2. Rhythm(1 mark)
      3. Pitch(1 mark)
6. Analysis of Preseribed Western Music
   Quarter in F Major, Op. 3, No. 5, Second Movement (Serenade)
   Andante Cantabile by Joseph Haydn
   1. Describe the performance medium for this music.(2 marks)
   2. With reference to bar numbers, identify the three major sections of this work. (3 marks)
   3. With reference to the music, give three reasons why the 1st violin part stands out.(3 marks)
   4. Outline two aspects that bring out contrast in this music.(2 marks)
7. Analysis of Unprepared Work
   Refer to the music "Rise with the Sun" and answer the questions that follow:
   
   
   1. Name two articulation marks used in this piece.(2 marks)
   2. With reference to bar numbers identify the following:
      1. Scalic movement spanning more than one octave(1 mark)
      2. A four-bar phrase identical to the phrase from bar 2 to 5 in pitch and rhythm.(1 mark)
   3. Explain how bar 1 to 14 should be performed with reference to repeat marks indicated.(2 marks)

SECTION C: GENERAL MUSIC KNOWLEDGE (16 marks)

8.                      
   1. Explain how western music has influenced African music in the following areas:
      1. Music Instruments(1 mark)
      2. Spontaneity of performance(1 mark)
      3. Performance venue(1 mark)
   2. Outline three differences between opera and oratorio.(6 marks)
   3.                      
      1. What is a National Anthem?(1 mark)
      2. State four characteristics of the Kenya National Anthem that make it easy to learn and sing.(4 marks)
   4. State the meaning of the following terms as used in the music industry.
      1. Demo(1 mark)
      2. Mastering(1 mark)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Melody
   1. 16 bars 1 mark
      Lyricism (singability) - within voice range 1 mark
      Modulation (well established) 2 mark
      - 1 mark for the new key
      - 1 mark for the return to the tonic
      Cadences (any 2 including the final perfect cadence) 1 mark
      Phrasing- (2 bar phrasing-mark as whole) 1 mark
      Triplet 1 mark
      Melodic curve and climax 1 mark
      Rhythm (variety and conformity) 1 mark
      Total 09 marks
   2. Text setting to music (speech rhythm/accents/syllabic division 2 mark
      ¹/₂ mark for each phrase or text) ¹/₂ mark
      Rhythm variety (mark as a whole) 1 mark
      Lyricism of melody (mark as a whole) 1 marks
      Cadences (¹/₂ mark each for final and any other) 1 marks
      Suitable time signature ¹/₂ mark
      Melodic curve/climax/shape ¹/₂ mark
      Musicianship/creativity (choice of key, performance instructions, word painting) ¹/₂  mark
      Total 06 marks
2. Harmony
   Award marks as follows:
   • Chords -¹/₂ mark for each correct chord x 14 7 marks
   • Voice leading (¹/₂ mark for each voice- ATB) 1¹/₂ marks
   • Correct cadences at the end of each phrase- ¹/₂ mark each 1 mark
   • Voice range (mark as whole) 1 mark
   • Progression (devoid of faults) 4 ¹/₂ marks
     Deduct ¹/₂ marks each for any of the following faults (maximum deduction 4 ¹/₂ marks)
   • Consecutive perfect 5ths ¹/₂ mark
   • each Parallel octaves ¹/₂ mark
   • each Crossing of parts  ¹/₂ mark each
   • Spacing   ¹/₂ mark each
   • Doubled 3rds in major chords ¹/₂marks each
   • Doubled leading note ¹/₂ mark each
   • Wrong use of 2 inversion chords or six-four chords  ¹/₂ marks each
   • Wrong rhythms (mark as a whole)  ¹/₂ mark
   • Stems (mark as a whole) ¹/₂ mark
   • Exposed 5ths or 8ves ¹/₂ mark each
   • From unison to 5ths or 8ves and vice versa ¹/₂ mark each
   • Overlapping ¹/₂ mark
   • Others - missing clefs, key signature, wrong note values, missing double bar lines, ¹/₂ mark each
     If all the chords are wrong, then no harmony
     Total 15 marks
3. African Music (14 marks)
   1. Single-stringed fiddles and their communities
      • Orutu - Luo 
      • Shiriri -Luhya 
      • Mbeve -Kamba 
      • Kimegeng. -Kalenjin
      • Ekegogo -Kuria
      • Ong'eng'o - Abagusii
      • Ageregeret - Iteso
        ¹/₂ mark for fiddle x 40 2 marks
        ¹/₂ mark for community x 4 2 marks 
   2. Music at birth of a baby
      1. to express joy (celebrate) the arrival of new member of the family 
      2. to welcome the baby into the family
      3. to congratulate the parents 
      4. to thank God for the gift of the baby 
      5. to entertain the people present.
         1 mark each x 4 = 4 marks
   3. Traditional dances
      1. Otenga 
      2. Kamabeka
         Mark each x 2 = 2 marks
   4.                
      1. Dirges
         Lullabies
         Lamentations
         1 mark each x 2 = 2 marks
      2. - Mouth hole - where the mouth is placed and wind blown into the horn
         -Tube/ -amplifies and transmits sound
         -Open end - Lets out the sound produced
         ¹/₂  mark for naming part x 2  = 1 mark
         ¹/₂  mark for the correct function x 2  = 1 mark
4. Western Music (14 marks)
   1. Giovanni Pierliugi da Palestrina
      1.                              
         1. Santa Maria Maggiore  - Chorister, and later Musical director
         2. St. Agapito - Organist
         3. St. Peters Basilica  -Maestro di Capella
         4. Julian Chapel -Musical director
            1 mark each x 4 = 4 marks
      2.                  
         • very clear parts
         • balanced voice parts
         • beautiful harmonies
         • imited chromaticism
           1 mark each x 3 = 3 marks
   2. Jean Philippe Rameau
      1. - It initiated a revolution in music theory
         - became a definitive authority on music theory
         -formed a foundation for instruction in western music
         1 mark each x2 = 2 marks
      2. Christophe Willibald Gluck 1 mark
      3.                      
         1. Recitative - much closer to arioso than to recitativo secco  1 mark
         2. Arias - Less frequent than in Italian opera 1 mark
         3. Choruses - he composed very sumptuous choruses 1 mark
      4. French 1 mark
   3. CPE Bach
      1. The classical style 1 mark
      2. - His father, JS Bach
         - GP Telemann
         -GF Handel
         -Carl Heinrich Graun
         -Joseph Haydn
         1 mark for any 3 = 3 marks
      3. -Trio sonatas,
         -solo sonatas with continuo,
         -Accompanied sonatas
         -keyboard sonatas
         1 mark for any 3 = 3 marks
   4. Arnold Schoenberg
      1. Compositional method of manipulating an ordered series of all the 12 tons of the chromatic scale 1 mark
      2. It had no reference to a key at all (atonal)1 mark
      3. - self-taught at first
         - Took only counterpoint lessons from Alexander Zemlinsky 2 marks
      4. Anton Webern, Alban Berg, Hans Eislen, John Cage 1 mark each x3 = 3 marks
5. Analysis of Prescribed African Music (10 marks)
   1. The hom (emouo) is first heard
      Male soloist sings/makes a call
      Male voices respond in unison
      Soloist shouts
      Choral response followed by heaving and horn blowing
      1 mark each for correct sequence = 3 marks
   2.                      
      1. overlapping of solo and chorus parts
      2. shouts and screams alongside the singing
      3. Heaving of the male voices alongside singing
      4. sporadic blowing of the horn alongside the singing
         1 mark each x 4 = 4 marks
   3.                          
      1. Tempo - Generally slow, sometimes staggered tempo, occasionally regular
      2. Rhythm - Not consistently steady rhythm, keep varying from section to section
      3. Pitch - Generally high pithed. Male soloist is highly pitched, chorus sing high and lower pitches, heaving is with a low pitch
         1 mark each for correct description 3 marks
6. Analysis of Prescribed Western Music (10 marks)
   1. 1st violin      (Muted)
      2nd violin,
      Viola and Cello
      (Pizzicato lower strings) - 2 marks
   2. Exposition - Bar 1 - 33 3 marks
      Development Bar 34-41
      Recapitulation Bar 42-72
   3.                      
      1. It carries the melody
      2. The accompaniment is not melodic, thereby no interference
      3. The other parts are played pizzicato throughout
      4. The 1st violin part generally sounds at a higher dynamic level
         1 mark each x3 = 3 marks
   4.                    
      1. Pizzicato vs legato playing 
      2. Change of key/ modulations 
      3. Dynamic variations
         1-mark x 2 = 2 marks
7. Analysis of Unprepared Work (6 marks)
   1. Articulation
      1. Legato (slur) 
      2. Staccato 2 marks
   2.                  
      1. bar 14-15 1 mark
      2. bar 19 to 22.1 mark
   3. Play Bar 1 to 11
      Repeat from the beginning
      Skip bar 9 to 11 this second time and Play bar 13 and 14 1/2 mark each x4 = 2 marks
8.                      
   1. Influence of western music on African music: 
      1. Instruments: African instruments tuned to western scale system and made to play in the western idiom (melodies and rhythms) 
      2. Spontaneity of performance: Traditional music is now well rehearsed before performance as opposed to music being created on the spot as in the traditional sense. 
      3. Performance venue: African music is now performed in formally organized venues like concert halls, theatres etc.
         1 mark each 3 marks
   2. Opera vs Oratorio
      1. Opera is secular while oratorio is sacred 
      2. There is interaction between characters in an opera while in oratorio, there is very little or no interaction between characters 
      3. Opera is fully staged in a theatre while oratorio is performed in concert format 
      4. In opera, there is more focus on solo singers and less on chorus while in oratorio there is more focus on chorus and ensembles 
      5. Opera performance involves grand costuming while oratorio performance is more in church attire.
         2 marks each for any 3 complete comparisons
         Incomplete comparisons receive no mark 6 marks
   3.                          
      1. The official song of a nation/country, patriotic in nature, that is played/sung to honor the nation/country. 1 mark
      2. Features:
         1. Its text in the national language (Kiswahili and the official language (English) 
         2. Has short phrases, easy to master 
         3. Starts in call-response style, typical of African folksong
         4. It has a narrow pitch range, therefore easy to sing.
         5.  It is strophic in structure; easy to master music 1 mark each x 4 = 4 marks
   4.                        
      1. Demo: basic recording that highlights the style and musical talent of an artist. Usually intended for demonstration/promotion purposes 
      2. Mastering: the final process of preparing a mixed recording for commercial distribution.
         1 mark each = 2 marks