Instructions to Candidates
- This paper consists of THREE sections; A, B, and C.
- Answer all questions in sections A and B.
- Answer any TWO questions in section C.
SECTION A (30MKS)
Answer all questions in this section on spaces provided.
- State four non-chemical method used to control ticks (2mks)
- Highlight two management practices carried out on a broody hen (2mks)
- Give four characteristics of a good fish pond (2mks)
- Mention four physical characteristics of exotic beef cattle breeds (2mks)
- Give four features of calf pen that help to control calf diseases (2mks)
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- What is dry cow therapy (1mk)
- At what stage of gestation is dry cow therapy practiced (1mk)
- Name four farm structures used for handling livestock (2mks)
- Give four symptoms of respiratory disorder in a sick cow (2mks)
- Mention two characteristics of abdomen of a poor layers ( 2msk)
- Distinguish between mothering ability and prolificacy (2mks)
- List two factors that can lead to conception failure after female cow has been served (2mks)
- Give four factors that may lead to a farmer culling dairy cattle (2mks)
- State four reasons for doing Agriculture as a discipline (2mks)
- Name four tools that are used when laying concrete blocks during construction of a wall(2mks)
- State four features on the animal which may pre-dispose it to livestock diseases (2mks)
SECTION B (20MKS)
Answer all the questions from this section.
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- Diagram below show a plunge dip.
- Using a arrow on the diagram show the movement of cattle (½mk)
- State one use of parts A, B and C (3mks)
- State two precautions a farmer should take on dip to ensure effective dipping (2mks)
- State two uses of the roof of the dip (2mks)
- Apart from use of acaricides explain other methods used to control ticks (3mks)
- Diagram below show a plunge dip.
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- Identify the tools below (1mk)
- State the use of tools x and y (2mks)
- Explain two maintenance practices carried on tool X (2mks)
- Identify the tools below (1mk)
- Name the tools used in conjuction of following tools (2mks)
- Troca
- Hand drill
- Leading stick
- Mallet
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- Diagram below show reproductive system of a female cow
- Name the part marked D and F (1mk)
- State the function of parts marked C and E (1mk)
- At what stage should a gilt be mated? (½mk)
SECTION C (40MKS)
Answer ONLY TWO questions from this section
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- Explain features of ideal calf pen (6mks)
- Outline various feeding practices a farmer undertake on calves up to weaning (8mks)
- Describe uses of water in the animals body (6mks)
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- Describe mastitis disease under the following sub-headings
- Causal organism (1mk)
- Disease pre-disposing factors (4mks)
- Symptoms (3mks)
- Control measures (6mks)
- Describe factors to consider when culling a female (Cow) breeding stock (6mks)
- Describe mastitis disease under the following sub-headings
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- Describe the artificial rearing of layers chick from one day up to the end of brooding (10mks)
- Name three types of fences (3mks)
- Explain the procedure of establishing wire fence (7mks)
MARKING SCHEME
SECTION A
- Non-chemical methods to control ticks
- Burn infested pasture
- Hand pick and kill
- Rotational grazing
- Double fencing
- Restrict animal movement (zero grazing) (4 x ½=2mks)
- Management practices on broody hen
- Provide drinking water adlip
- Provide balanced diet
- Dust with insecticide to control parasites
- Give hen chance to exercise ( 2 x 1=2mks)
- Characteristics of good fish pond
- Gentle slopping
- Reliable water source
- Area with no cracks/anthills
- Clay soil which is poorly drained
- Secure from predators /thieves
- Site should be accessible (4 x ½=2mks)
- Characteristics of beef breeds
- They are blocky
- They have strong short legs
- Bodies are well fleshed
- They have small udder
- They have thick neck ( 4 x ½=2mks)
- Calf pen to control diseases
- Well ventilated
- Well lit
- Easy to clean
- Free from draught
- Spacious
- Lack proof
- Well drained
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- A dry cow theraphy – practice of applying mastitis antibiotic in teat canal in cow that is being dried off. (1mk)
- Dry cow theraphy done last 2 months of gestation (1mk)
- Structures to handle livestock
- Crush
- Calf pens
- Fences
- Milking shed
- Cattle shed (4 x ½=2mks)
- Respiratory disorder
- Difficult breathing
- Coughing
- Snoring
- Sneezing
- Running nose (4 x ½=2mks)
- Characteristics of poor layers
- Hard/stiff abdomen
- Full/well fleshed abdomen
- Small space between kneel and pelvic bone allow less than 2 fingers ( 2 x 1=2mks)
- Mothering ability is ability of mother to care for young ones while prolificacy is ability of mother to produce many young ones at once. (Mark as a whole) ( 2 x 1=2mks)
- Factors leading to female cow fail to conceive
- Poor nutrition
- Poor timing of services
- Infertile cow/bull ( 2 x 1=2mks)
- Reason for culling dairy cattle
- Poor health
- Poor quality products
- Old age
- Wild temperament
- Low production (4 x ½=2mks)
- Reasons for doing Agriculture as a discipline
- Provide skills in Agriculture and practices
- It is a career subject
- Createself-employment and self-reliance in food
- Agriculture promote environmental conservation
- Agriculture promote cohesion in diverse culture
- Agriculture promote school to take part in Agricultural practices eg young farmers
(4 x ½=2mks)
- Tools use to lay concrete block
- Plumb bob/plumb line
- Mason’s trowel
- Spirit level
- Wood float (4 x ½=2mks)
- Factors pre-disposing animal to diseases
- Sex
- Colour
- Age
- Physiological conditions sickness/pregnancy/emaciation/lactating
- Physical injuries (4 x ½=2mks)
SECTION B
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- Direction of movement
A → B → C (1 x ½=½mk) - Uses of parts;
A – Hold animals before dipping
- waiting area
B – Clean cattle hooves
- Prevent dip contamination
C – Hold livestock to wait for dip wash to drip
- Draining race (3 x 1=3mks) - Precautions farmer should take for effective dipping
- Proper mixing of dip wash
- Check concentration of dip wash
- Top up dip was at correct level ( 2 x 1=2mks)
- Uses of roof
- Reduce evaporation of dip wash
- Prevent dilution of dip was by rain water (2 x 1=2mks
- Direction of movement
- Methods to control ticks
- Hand picking and kill
- Burn heavily infested pasture to kill them
- Double fencing to starve the ticks
- Use predictor to feed on ticks
- Cultivate heavily infested pasture to control ticks ( 3 x 1=3mks)
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- X – Sickle
Y – Metal float (2 x ½=1mk) - Uses of tools
X – Used to harvest grass small grains and cereal crops
Y – Used for smooth finishing of concrete work (2 x 1=2mks) - Maintenance of tool X
- Clean to remove dirt
- Sharpen to improve efficiency
- Apply old engine oil/paint to prevent rusting
- Fix handle tightly to reduce accidents ( 2 x 1=2mks)
- X – Sickle
- Tools used in conjuction with
- Troca - cannula
- Hand drill – Bits
- Leading stick - Bull ring
- Mallet – Wood chisel (4 x ½=2mks)
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- D – Fallopian tube
F – Cervix - Function of;
C – Produce ova
Produce hormones
E – Embryo /Foetus grow ( 2 x 1=2mks) - Stage gilt should be mated
8 – 12 months (½mk)
- D – Fallopian tube
SECTION C
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- Features of ideal calf pen
- Concrete/slatted floor – To maintain cleanliness
- Adequate space- Large enough for exercises and feeding 1.8m x 1.5m
- Well lit – For calf to synthesis vitamin D
- Single housing – Prevent calf from leaking each other to form hair balls on rumen
- Proper drainage – To avoid dampness
- Draught free- Windward side should be solid to prevent cold winds.
- Leak proof – To ensure the floor is dry
- Well ventilated – For free air circulation
(Any six ideal features and explanation -6mks)
- Feeding practices
- Ensure calf suckle within 8 hours to get colostrum
- Feed calf with colostrum for first four days
- Feed calf 2-3 times a day for the first 4 weeks
- Feed correct amount of milk upto weaning.
- Introduce feeding of whole milk after 4th day
- Feed call with whole milk at regular intervals
- Provide adequate clean water 3rd week
- Introduce palatable dry feeds and concentrates 3rd week
- For any changes in feed should be done gradually to avoid disorders.
- Clean equipment’s should be used for feeding calves
- Calf should be trained to suck milk from the bucket. ( 8 x 1=8mks)
- Uses of water
- Make body cells turgid
- Responsible for transportation in the body
- It is component of body fluidseg blood
- Help excretion of body wastes
- Help to regulate body temperatures
- Used in various bio-chemical reactions in the body
- Form animal products eg milk ( 6 x 1=6mks)
- Features of ideal calf pen
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- Cause organisms
- Bacteria /Streptococcal mastitis /Staphylococcal mastitis
- Pre-disposing factors
- Old aged animal
- Beginning and end of lactation
- Large pendulus /loose under /injured
- Incomplete milking
- Mechanical injuries
- Poor milking techniques (4 x 1=4mks)
- Symptoms
- Swollen udder
- Pvs /blood/clot/watery milk
- Death of infected quarter
- Milk has salty taste and fine clots or flakes on fore milk ( 3 x 1=3mks)
- Control measures
- Use correct milking techniques
- Use strip cup to test infections
- Avoid teat injuries
- Treat open wounds on teats
- Use separate udder cloth for each animal.
- Infuse antibiotic into teat canal during drying off.
- Maintaincleanlinessand use disinfectants ( 6 x 1=6mks)
- Cause organisms
- Factors considered while culling
- Old age- Old animals are low producers
- Low levels of performance animals with low level production should be culled.
- Unhealthy animals-Animals which fall sick frequently should be culled
- Poor mothering ability – Animals with poor instinct’s should be culled
- Body conformation- Dairy cow which is blocky should be culled
- Physical defects animals with poor physical fitness should be culled ie limping mono eyed etc
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- Artificial reasing of chicks up to end of breeding
- Ensure brooder corner are rounded
- Provide enough brooding space according to number
- Clean and disinfect the brooder
- Maintain proper range of temperature
- First week temperature should be 22-350C
- Maintain proper ventilation by adjusting the opening
- Provide dim light
- Provide water adlip
- Control parasites
- Sick children should be culled.
- Keep proper records
- De-beak 8-10 days before the end of brooding (10 x 1=10mks)
- Types of fences
- Live fence
- Wire fence
- Barbed wire fence
- Plain wire fence
- Wooden wire fence (3 x 1-3mks)
- Procedure of establishing wire fence
- Clear fence line
- Measure and mark points 4 -6cm
- Dig holes – 60cm and 75-90cm for corner posts
- Place treated posts in upright position
- Mix concrete 1:3:5 into the hole and firm the base
- Nail barbed wire into the post
- Fix the lower strand first which is used to guide the fixing of next wires. (7 x 1=7mks)
- Artificial reasing of chicks up to end of breeding
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