History Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Achievers Joint Mock Exams 2023

Instructions to candidates:

1. This paper consists of THREE sections A, B and C.
2. Answer ALL questions in section A, three questions in section B and two questions from section C.
3. Candidates should answer the questions in English.

For Examiner’s Use Only

QUESTIONS

SECTION A (ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION 25MKS)

1. Identify the branch of history that deals with control systems in the society. (1mk)
2. Identify one community in Kenya which belongs to the Southern Cushitic group. (1mk)
3. State one political function of the Oloibon among the Maasai during the 19th century. (1mk)
4. Apart from Fort Jesus, name the other monument built by the Portuguese at the Kenyan coast. (1mk)
5. State two ways in which Christianity undermined African culture. (2mks)
6. Identify the main reason for the formation of the inter-party parliamentary group (I.P.P.G) of 1997. (1mk)
7. Identify two education commissions established in Kenya before independence. (1mk)
8. Mention the treaty that brought to an end the scramble for and partition of East Africa. (1mk)
9. State one way in which national integration has promoted economic development in Kenya. (1mk)
10. State two ways in which the rule of law is maintained in Kenya. (2mks)
11. Highlight two reforms that resulted from the Lyttleton constitution of 1954. (2mks)
12. Identify two pillars of Nyayo philosophy. (2mks)
13. Identify two situations when the office of the president may become vacant in Kenya. (2mks)
14. Identify two types of land ownership in Kenya. (2mks)
15. State the composition of the County Executive Committee. (2mks)
16. State one function of the supreme court of Kenya. (1mk)
17. Give two functions of the commission on revenue allocation in Kenya. (2mks)

SECTION B (ANSWER ANY THREE QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION 45MKS)

18.            
    1. Give five reasons for the migration of the Luo from their original homeland into Kenya. (5 marks)
    2. Describe the political organization of the Somali in Kenya during the pre-colonial period. (10 marks)
19.                      
    1. Give three reasons why the early visitors came to the Kenyan coast before 1500A.D. (3mks)
    2. Explain six factors that contributed to the development of trade between the Kenyan coast and outside world by 1900. (12mks)
20.                
    1. Give five grievances of the Kikuyu Central Association which were presented by Jomo Kenyatta to the colonial secretary in 1929. (5mks)
    2. Explain five reasons why the MAUMAU movement was able to last for a long time. (10mks)
21.                      
    1. State five features that characterized African socialism in Kenya. (5marks)
    2. Explain five ways in which the Harambee philosophy has promoted the development of education in Kenya. (10 marks)

SECTION C (ANSWER ANY TWO QUESTIONS IN THIS SECTION 30MKS)

22.              
    1. State five characteristics of the human rights. (5marks)
    2. Discuss the five methods used by the international community to solve conflicts. (10marks)
23.              
    1. State five reforms which have been introduced to improve the conditions of Correctional Services. (5 marks)
    2. Explain five factors which undermine free and fair elections in Kenya. (10 marks)
24.                    
    1. Name three types of constitutionally established funds in Kenya. (3 marks)
    2. Discuss six challenges facing devolved governments in Kenya. (12marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1. Identify the branch of history that deals with control systems in the society. (1mk)
   • Political history
2. Identify one community in Kenya which belongs to the Southern Cushitic group. (1mk)
   • Dahalo/ Sanye
3. State one political function of the Oloibonamong the Maasai during the 19th century. (1mk)
   • Advised the council of elders
   • Blessed warriors before going to war.
   • Presided over major ceremonies
4. Apart from Fort Jesus, name the other monument built by the Portuguese at the Kenyan coast. (1mk)
   • Vasco da Gama pillar (in Malindi)
5. State two ways in which Christianity undermined African culture. (2mks)
   • Preached against African customs e.g. polygamy, FGM.
   • Undermined African religious beliefs
6. Identify the main reason for the formation of the inter-party parliamentary group (I.P.P.G) of 1997. (1mk)
   • To ensure a level playing ground for all political parties/ promote free and fair elections.
7. Identify two education commissions established in Kenya before independence. (1mk)
   • Phelp Stokes commission
   • Beecher commission
   • Fraizer commission
8. Mention the treaty that brought to an end the scramble for and partition of East Africa. (1mk)
   • Heligoland treaty/ Anglo German treaty of 1898.
9. State one way in which national integration has promoted economic development in Kenya. (1mk)
   • It has enabled citizens to work/ employed in any part of Kenya.
   • Enabled free movement of goods/ services within the country.
   • Has enabled citizens to invest in any part of the country.
   • Has enabled people to buy property anywhere to the country
10. State two ways in which the rule of law is maintained in Kenya. (2mks)
    •  All citizens/ people are treated equally before the law.
    • An accused person is assumed/ treated as innocent until proven guilty/ taking suspects to court of law for trial.
    •  An accused person is given a fair hearing / a chance to defend themselves / right of appeal.
    • By ensuring independence of the judiciary
    • By guaranteeing representation of accusers.
11. Highlight two reforms that resulted from the Lyttleton constitution of 1954. (2mks)
    • Africans were allowed to elect representatives to the legislative council.
    • Two Indians and one African acquired executive positions
    • It led to the establishment of a multi-racial council of ministers
    • The ban of political parties was lifted.
12. Identify two pillars of Nyayo philosophy. (2mks)
    • Peace
    • Love
    • Unity
13. Identify two situations when the office of the president may become vacant in Kenya. (1mk)
    • Death of the president
    • Resignation
    • Impeachment of the president
    • Removal of the president on grounds of incapacitation
14. Identify two types of land ownership in Kenya. (2mks)
    • Public land
    • Community land
    • Private land
15. State the composition of the County Executive Committee. (2mks)
    • The County governor
    • Deputy governor
    • Members appointed by the governor with the approval of the county assembly.
16. State one function of the supreme court of Kenya. (1mk)
    • Makes decisions that are binding/ interpreting the constitution
    • Handle presidential election petition
    • Handles appeals from the court of appeal
17. Give two functions of the commission on revenue allocation in Kenya. (2mks)
    • Ensure equitable sharing of revenue between national and county government.
    • Make recommendations on matters concerning the financing of county governments as required by the constitution
    • Determines, publishes and reviews the criteria by which to identify marginalized areas.
18.                                 
    1. Give five reasons for the migration of the Luo from their original homeland into Kenya. (5 marks)
       • Due to drought/famine/natural calamities
       • Due to spirit of adventure.
       • Due to population pressure.
       • Due to internal conflicts/feuds.
       • Due to outbreak of diseases/epidemics.
       • They were searching for better fishing grounds.
       • Due to external attacks
       • Need for pasture and water for their livestock
         Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)
    2. Describe the political organization of the Somali in Kenya during the pre- colonial period. (10 marks)
       • They had a decentralized system of government.
       • The family was the lowest political unit and its head was the father
       • Related families formed the clan.
       • Each clan was autonomous/ independent of each other.
       • The council of elders performed political roles like making major decisions, settling disputes and maintaining law and order.
       • The age set system existed and they performed specific political duties for a period of time
       • They had an overall leader called Sultan whose role was mainly advisory.
       • There existed warriors who protected the community and acquired wealth for them.
19.                         
    1. Give three reasons why the early visitors came to the Kenyan coast before 1500A.D. (3mks)
       • To trade
       • Some came as religious/political refugees
       • Exploration
       • Spread their religion
       • Establish settlements along the coast.
    2. Explain six factors that contributed to the development of trade between the Kenyan coast and outside world by 1900. (12mks)
       • Availability of trading items
       • High demand for goods/trade items from Kenyan coast
       • Existence of local trade
       • Presence of monsoon winds
       • Accessibility of the coast by sea
       • Political stability/relative peace
       • Availability of credit facilities from Indian Banyans/money lenders
       • Existence of enterprising merchants at the coast.
       • Availability of deep natural harbours along the coast
       • Advancement in ship/boat building led to better sailing vessels
20.                            
    1. Give five grievances of the Kikuyu Central Association which were presented by Jomo Kenyatta to the colonial secretary in 1929.(5mks)
       • Land alienation
       • Taxation of Africans
       • Lack of African representation to the Legco
       • Lack of quality education for Africans
       • Release of Harry Thuku
       • Abolition of forced labour
       • Abolition of kipande system
    2. Explain five reasons why the MAUMAU movement was able to last for a long time.(10mks)
       • Oathing united people and this made them to be committed to the cause
       • Use of guerrilla warfare made it difficult for British government to contain the rebellion
       • Civilian population sustained the rebellion by supplying food,weapons and information
       • The movement was led by able leaders
       • Some fighters were ex-service men and were therefore able to apply the military experience they had gained in first and second world wars
       • The movement received moral and material support from independents African countries
       • The Aberdares and Mt.Kenya forests provided good hideouts for the MauMau fighters
21.                        
    1. State five features that characterized African socialism in Kenya.(5mks)
       • Political Democracy where all people are politically free and equal
       • Various forms of ownership of wealth. E.g. free enterprise allowing private ownership of property, nationalization policy for key industries, partnership with private sector
       • Mutual social responsibility. That the spirit of service and not greed for personal gain motivate Kenyans.
       • A range of control to ensure that property is used in mutual interests of society and its members.
       • Progressive taxation to ensure an equitable distribution of wealth and income.
       • Diffusion of ownership to avoid concentration of economic power on a few people in the society
    2. Explain five ways in which the Harambee philosophy has promoted the development of education in Kenya. (10 mks)
       • Many education institutions have been constructed using funds raised through Harambee effort.
       • Many students have been assisted to pay school fees/thus it enables the needy to go on learning.
       • Physical facilities have been constructed/improved through Harambee. This enables learning in a conducive environment.
       • Teaching/learning materials have been purchased/ donated to schools to improve the quality of education.
       • Additional staff/workers in schools have been paid through Harambee contributions by the parents to offset inadequacy.
       • Through Harambee spirit, well-wishers, thus helping the learners to exploit their talents, have supported co-curricular activities.
       • School furniture has been bought through Harambee effort thus making learning/teaching comfortable.
       • Parents have contributed funds to supplement the government’s school feeding programmes thus improving enrolment.
22.                       
    1. State five characteristics of the human rights. (5 marks)
       • They are universal; are applied anyone in all the nations
       • Are indivisible/one right cannot apply if the other one does not exist
       • They have limitations
       • Integral/inborn – applied to all by virtue of being human beings
       • Can be suspended /derogation
    2. Discuss the five methods used by the international community to solve conflicts. (10 marks)
       • Use of peace keeping missions
       • Use of envoys to mediate
       • Use of the international court of justice
       • Negotiations/Reconciliation
       • Arbitration
       • Religious action
       • Resort to regional agencies or arrangements
23.                         
    1. Reforms which have been introduced to improve the conditions of correctional services (5mks)
       • Introduction of community service for petty offenders to decongest prisons
       • Improving of living conditions of prisoners by providing medical services, clothing and beddings
       • Allocation of more funds to correctional services to enable provision of more facilities to the convicts
       • Employing and training more personnel e.g counselors
       • Improving the living conditions for prison warders by constructing better houses and improving terms of service.
    2. Factors which undermines free and fair elections. (10mks)
       • Corruption among electoral officials/other players, which compromises fairness of the electoral process.
       • Election violence during the election period, which may discourage/turn away potential voters from exercising their democratic right of voting.
       • Illiteracy of some voters may make them easily misled when voting/exposes them to the danger of being misled.
       • Incompetent election officials can mismanage the process thereby undermining its effectiveness.
       • Rigging may interfere with elections where the wrong candidate is declared the winner/right candidate is denied victory.
       • Lack/inadequate civic education denies the electorate opportunity to learn about the importance of participating in elections.
       • Poor physical infrastructure where some polling stations may be inaccessible and hence denying voters in such areas a chance to vote.
       • Harassment of voters by supporters of different candidates/parties can prevent voters from voting in certain regions/ strongholds/zones.
       • Electoral equipment like BVR Kits can breakdown during elections thereby slowing down the process.
24.                    
    1. Name three types of constitutionally established funds in Kenya. (3 marks)
       • Revenue fund
       • Consolidated fund
       • Contingencies fund
       • Equalization fund
    2. Discuss six challenges facing devolved governments in Kenya. (12 marks)
       • High population stretching available resources
       • Natural calamities
       • Underdeveloped transport and communication
       • Inadequate resources to provide a solid revenue base
       • Interference by the national government
       • Rivalry and wrangles among the leaders
       • Incapacity to man key departments/areas
       • Ethnicity/nepotism in employment affecting efficiency in service delivery
       • Duplication of roles between the national and county governments
       • Embezzlement of funds by corrupt county officials
       • Delay in remittance of funds by the national government
       • Conflict over common resources such as water, forest land etc