Agriculture Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Nginda Girls Mock Examination 2023

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Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Nginda Girls Mock Examination 2023

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INSTRUCTIONS

This paper contains three sections
Answer all question in section A and B
In section C answer any two questions
Candidates must answer all the questions in English

QUESTIONS

SECTION A 30 MARKS.ANSWER ALL QUESTION

Name four methods of farming. (2marks)
State two crop production practices that can be carried out to maintain optimum plant population. (1mark)
What is a micro catchment? (1mark)
State any four details contained in a delivery note. (2marks)
1. What is meant by the term Agroforestry? (1mark)
2. State four ways in which land reform can be implemented in kenya (2marks)
State two examples for each of the following types of cost incurred in poultry production
1. variable cost (1marks)
2. Fixed cost (1 mark)
Name three sources of underground water (1½marks)
State three causes of blossom end of rot in tomatoes (1½marks)
Give four qualities of a good green manuring plant (2marks)
State two pests that attack cabbages (1 mark)
Distinguish between pinching out and coppicing as used in crop production (2marks)
State four advantages of growing maize in rows instead of broadcasting. (2marks)
What is integrated pest management (1mark)
Name four types of water pumps which can be used in the farm. (2marks)
Name four factors that influence soil erosion. (2marks)
1. List four problems associated with nomadic pastoralism in Kenya. (2marks)
2. Name four factors of production in agriculture. (2marks)

SECTION B 20 MARKS (ANSWER ALL QUESTION)

The table below shows the population and gross domestic products of countries A and B

Country

Gross Domestic product (million Ksh)

Population (million)

A

1800

36

B

1200

15
1. Calculate the per capita income for each country show your working (2marks)
2. Which of the two countries is more developed economically (1mark)
3. Give a reason for your answer in (b) above (1mark)
4. How can agriculture increase the gross domestic product of a country (1mark)
The diagram below shows an experiment set up using soil type Q, R and S and the observations made after 24 hours. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
1. The experiment set up above is designed to study what? (1mark)
2. Name the soil types S and Q (2marks)
  S……………………………………………………………………………………………………
  Q…………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. What are the characteristic texture of soil type R and S?
  R …………………………………………………………………………………….… (1 mark)
  S ………………………………………………………………………………………...(1 mark)
1. Identify two methods of plucking table formation in tea establishment (2marks)
2. Diagram below show crop production practices. Study and answer question that follow.
  A
  
  B
  1. Identify the crop propagation methods illustrated above
    A………………………………………………………… (1 mark)
    B………………………………………………………………. (1 mark)
  2. State one factors that would promote root formation in the propagation method in a (B) above (1mark)
The diagram below show weeds. Study them and answer question that follow.
1. Identify the weeds illustrated in diagrams A and B (2marks)
  
  A………………………………………………………………………………………………..
  B………………………………………………………………………………………………..
2. State one reason why the weed labeled A is difficult to control. (1mark)
3. State two economic importance of the weed labeled B in Agriculture. (2marks)

SECTION C 40 MARKS. (ANSWER ONLY TWO QUESTIONS)

1. Explain four physical methods of pest control (8 marks)
2. Outline five importance of draining agricultural land. (5 marks)
3. Explain seven safety precautions observed when spraying herbicides. (7 marks)
1. Describe the characteristics of ideal agroforestry tree species (8 marks)
2. State four factors that influence the type of irrigation to be used in a farm. (4 marks)
3. Outline four advantages of rotational grazing (4 marks)
4. State four principles governing formation of cooperatives (4 marks)
1. Describe five ways through which soil loses fertility (10 marks)
2. Describe field production of Nappier elephant grass under the following sub heading
  1. Seed bed preparation (6 marks)
  2. Utilization (4 marks)

MARKING SCHEME.

Name four methods of farming. (4 x ½= 2marks)
- Mixed farming
- Agroforestry
- Nomadic pastrolism
- Organic farming
- Shifting cultivation
State two crop production practices that can be carried out to maintain optimum plant population (2 x ½=1 mark)
- Gapping
- Thinning
What is a micro catchment? (1mark)
- It’s defined as micro- environment’s which is designed in such a way that aim at conserving soil and water around growing crop.
State any four details contained in a delivery note. (4 x ½= 2marks)
- Date of delivery
- Quantity and type of good delivered
- Method of delivery
- Person who received the good
- Condition in which goods are received
- Delivery note serial number
1. What is meant by the term Agroforestry? (1mark)
  A variety of land use practices that combine tree growing, pasture and crop production practices on the same piece land for purpose of increasing or improving the soil output.
2. State four ways in which land reform can implemented in kenya. (4x½ = 2marks)
  - Land consolidation
  - Land adjudication and registration
  - Land settlement and resettlement
  - Tenancy reform
  - Land subdivision
  - Land redistribution
State two examples for each of following types of cost incurred in poultry production
1. variable cost ( 2x½ = 1 marks)
  - Cost of feeds
  - Cost of drugs
2. Fixed cost ( 2x½ = 1 marks)
  - Cost of feeder and waterers
  - Cost of structures
Sources of underground water (3x½ = 1 ½ marks)
- Springs
- Boreholes
- Wells
Causes of blossom end of rot in tomatoes (3x½ = 1 ½ marks)
- Irregular watering
- Lack of calcium
- Excessive use of nitrogen
Qualities of a good green manuring plant (4x½ = 2 marks)
- Hardy – that is growing in poor condition
- Fast growth rate
- Ability to rot quickly
- Highly leafy/ vegetative
- Leguminous high nitrogen content
State pest attack cabbage (2 x ½ = 1 marks)
- cutworm
- Aphids
- Diamond back moth
- Sawfly
- Nematodes
Distinguish between pinching out and coppicing as used in crop production (2mark) mark as a whole.
- Pinching out is removal of terminal bud of a shoot while coppicing is the cutting back of young plants at certain point to stimulate growth.
State four advantages of growing maize in a row instead of broadcasting. ( 4 x ½= 2marks)
- Machine can be used easily between the rows
- Easy to establish the correct plant population
- Lower seed rate is used than in broadcasting
- Easy to carry cultural practice eg weeding, spraying and harvesting
what is integrated pest management (1mark)
- Is a pest control method that combines both cultural and chemical control method
Name four types of water pump can be used in farm 4 x ½= 2marks
- Hydram pump
- Semi rotary pump
- Centrifugal pump/ rotary dynamic
- Piston pump / reciprocating pump
Name four factors that influence soil erosion. (4 x ½= 2marks)
- Topography of land / slope
- Rainfall intensity /amount
- Overstocking
- Clean weeding
- Type of soil
- Vegetation cover
- Deforestation
- Planting annual crops
- Soil depth
1. List four problems associated with nomadic pastoralism in Kenya. (4 x ½= 2marks)
  - Livestock parasites and diseases due to communal watering points, grazing and spraying points.
  - Tendency of increased soil erosion and land degradation.
  - Difficult to control breeding and breeding diseases.
  - Low production of both meat, milk and hides/ skins due to energy losses.
  - Conflict and ethnic tension among the nomadic communities for control of good pastures and water.
2. four factor of production (4 x ½= 2marks)
  - Land
  - Labour
  - Capital
  - Management (Entrepreneurship)

SECTION B 20 MARKS. ANSWER ALL QUESTION

The table below shows the population and gross domestic products of countries A and B

Country

Gross Domestic product (million Ksh)

Population (million)

A

1800

36

B

1200

15
1. Calculate the per capita income for each country show your working (2marks)
  Calculation of per capital income
  Per capita income = (Gross Domestic product)/population
  A = 1800/36=50
  B = 1200/15=80
2. Which of the two countries is more developed economically (1mark)
  B
3. Give a reason for your answer in (b) above (1mark)
  B has a higher per capita income
4. How can agriculture increase the gross domestic product of a country (1mark)
  By creating employment/ developing industries/ increasing production.
The diagram below shows an experiment set up using soil type Q,R and S and observations made after 24 hours. Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.
1. The experiment set up above is designed to study what? (1mark)
  Soil water capillarity.
2. Name the soil types S and Q (2marks)
  S Clayey soil
  Q sand soil
3. What is the characteristic texture of soil type R and S?
  R Moderately textured (1mark)
  S fine textured (1mark)
1. Methods of plucking table formation in tea (2x1=2marks)
  - Formative pruning
  - Pegging
    1. Identify the crop propagation methods illustrated above (2x1=2 marks)
      - A Trench layering
      - B Aerial/ marcotting layering
    2. One factors that would promote root formation in the propagation method in a (B) above (1mark)
      - Availability of moisture
      - Treatment and application of auxins (hormones)
      - Availability of oxygen
      - Use of proper propagation technique to ensure better healing of wound/ keeping rooting medium in contact with the stem.
1. Identify the weeds illustrated in diagrams A and B (2x1=2marks)
  - A- Oxalis
  - B – Devils Horse Whip
2. State one reason why the weed labeled A is difficult to control. (1mark)
  - has underground storage structures/ tuber that regenerate easily
3. State two economic importance of the weed labeled B in Agriculture. (2x1=2marks)
  - It’s a weed in annual crops (competition for nutrient)
  - it irritates farm workers reducing their efficiency
  - increase the cost of production when controlling weed
  - Reduce the quality of wool in sheep.

SECTION C 40 MARKS

1. Explain four physical methods of pest control (4x2=8marks)
  - Use of lethal temperature – These are too hot or too cold conditions which kill pests.
  - Proper drying of produce – drying of grains makes them too hard for pests to penetrate.
  - Flooding – drowns underground pests eg moles and cutworms.
  - Suffocation – pumping carbon(IV) oxide into hermetic Cyprus bins deprives pests of oxygen.
  - Physical destruction – done through trapping, hand picking and killing them.
  - Use of scare crows/ devices – for scaring large animals and birds from crop fields.
  - Use of physical barriers – Barriers such as trenches fences, rat guards prevent pests from getting into crop fields or stores.
  - Use of electromagnetic radiation – electromagnetic radiations are used to kill insect pests through deactivation of enzymes
    x 2 = 8marks)(Method – 1mark, Explanation – 1mark)
2. Outline five importance of draining agricultural land. (5x1=5 marks)
  - It facilities leaching of harmful minerals
  - Improves aeration of the soil
  - Raises the soil temperature
  - Increases activity of micro-organisms in the soil due to improved aeration
  - Reduces the run-off water thus lowering the rate of soil erosion
  - Increases the soil volume
  - Reduces incidences of livestock diseases such as foot rot
3. Explain seven safety precautions observed when spraying herbicides. (7x1=7 marks)
  - Wear protective clothing such as gloves overalls and boots
  - Avoid inhaling herbicides by not smoking while spraying
  - Read manufacturer’s instructions and following them strictly
  - Avoid sucking blocked nozzles
  - Wash thoroughly immediately after handling the herbicides
  - Keep the herbicides safely out of reach of children
  - Do not wash the equipment used for herbicides in water sources
  - Avoid chemical spillage in water sources
  - Avoid handling food before washing
1. Describe the characteristics of ideal agroforestry tree species (4x2=8marks)
  - Nitrogen fixing ability – The trees should be preferably legumes. They should be capable of fixing Nitrogen into the soil for use by other crops;
  - Fast growing ability – trees chosen should be fast growing and early maturing so that they can be put into other uses – thus should have a high biomass production e.g fuel wood
  - Multipurpose nature – the chosen trees should be able to meet other uses such as provision of fuel woods, fodder, poles and timber.
  - By – product production – The best agroforestry tree species should be able to
    produce economic products and by-products which can be used or sold for income e.g
    those producing edible leaves, fruits, medicinal products, poles and fodder.
  - Deep rooted with a narrow root zone – when agro-forestry trees have deep roots, they acquire their nutrients from lower soil horizons where most plant roots do not reach-hence minimal competition for nutrients;
  - Non-competitive ability with main crop- a good agroforestry tree species should not compete with the main crops for light and nutrients unnecessarily.
  - Nutritious and palatable – trees used for this purpose should be both nutritious and palatable as leaf fodder for livestock use.
  - Easily coppiced – the trees species which will be able to regenerate after cutting back for pruning are preferred.
    (4 x 2 = 8marks)(Characteristic – 1mark, explaination – 1mark)
2. State four factors influence the type of irrigation to be used in a farm (4x1=4 marks)
  - Topography of the land
  - Soil type
  - Type of crop to be irrigated
  - Amount of water available
  - Distance of the source of water to the field
  - Capital available, skill available
  - Climate factors of the area
3. four advantages of rotational grazing (4x1=4mark)
  - Livestock make maximum use of pasture
  - Reduce build up of parasite and diseases
  - Animal wastes is distributed evenly in paddock
  - Pasture is given time to regrow before its grazed again
  - Excess pasture can be harvested for conservation
  - Its possible to apply fertilizer in part of pasture which are not in use.
  - State the principle of cooperative 4x1=4marks
  - Open membership
  - Equal right
  - Principle of share limit
  - Interest on share
  - Withdraw from membership
  - Loyalty
  - Education
  - Co-operative principle
  - Nonprofit motive
1. Ways though which soil loses fertility (5x2= 10 marks)
  - Leaching – As water infiltrates into the soil it moves together with dissolved soluble minerals to lower horizon beyond the reach of many plant roots.
  - Soil Erosion – Carrying away of top soil rich in nutrients by agents – the fertile soil will be deposited elsewhere
  - Monocropping – the crop grown will use the same nutrients till exhausted leaving out other nutrients, remain unused
    Continous cropping on the same piece of land over a long period of time exhaust all the nutrients
  - Burning of the vegetation – burning destroys organic matter leading to destruction of soil structure
  - Accumulation of salts that lead to salinity. This change in PH leads to loss of soil fertility
  - Change in soil PH – increase or decrease in soil PH as a result of use of different fertilizers affects the activity of soil microorganisms as well as availability of soil nutrients.
    (5x 2 = 10marks)(Method – 1mark, Explanation – 1mark)
2. Describe field production of Napier elephant grass under the following subheadings
  1. Seed bed production (5x1=5marks)
    - Practice early seedbed preparation /during the dry period
    - Clear all the vegetation / stumps
    - Carry out primary tillage/ dig deeply to remove all weeds / perennial weeds
    - Carry out secondary tillage/ harrow to appropriate medium teeth
    - Prepare furrow / holes for planting
    - Spacing between furrows 90 – 100 cm for cutting / 90 – 100 cm x 50 cm for splits
  2. Utilization (5x1= 5marks)
    - Cut and feed it to ruminants
    - Defoliate / cut at the right stage of growth /3-5 months old when stems are 1-1.5 m high
    - Cut the stems at 2.5 -5cm above the ground surface
    - Use sharp panga for cutting
    - Conserve excess as silage
    - Chop napier grass into small pieces before feeding