Agriculture Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Nginda Girls Mock Examination 2023

INSTRUCTIONS 

• This paper contains three sections
• Answer all question in section A and B
•  In section C answer any two questions
• Candidates must answer all the questions in English

QUESTIONS

SECTION A

1. Other than sleeping give two other uses of the sleeping yard of a rabbit hutch. [1 mark]
2. State four characteristics of roughage. [2 marks]
3.  State four categories of livestock diseases. [2 marks]
4. State four conditions that may reduce the quality of eggs for hatching. [2 marks]
5.  Explain two maintenance practices carried out on a cross cut saw. [2 marks]
6. State four limitations of using solar power on the farm. [2 marks]
7. Name four dairy breeds of cattle. [2 marks]
8. . State the origin of each of the following dual purpose cattle breeds. [1 mark]
   1. Sahiwa
   2. Red poll 
9. State four symptoms of rinder pest disease in cattle. [2 marks]
10. State four reasons for castrating piglets. [2 marks]
11. .Name two practices carried out in a crush. [1 mark]
12. .Give two effects of internal parasites that are harmful to livestock. [1 mark]
13. Give four reasons why farmers steam up dairy cattle. [2 marks]
14. Outline four ways of maintaining good health in livestock. [2 marks]
15. Name four methods of dehorning. [2 marks]
16. Distinguish between cropping and harvesting in fish. [2 marks]
17. Give four importances of keeping livestock healthy. [2 marks]

SECTION B [20 MARKS] ANSWER ALL QUESTION

18. The diagram below illustrates the digestive system of a farm animal.
    
    
    1. Name the farm animal with this digestive system. [1 mark]
    2. Name the part labeled.
       L:…………………………………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]
       M:………………………………………………………………………………………….. [1 mark]
    3. State two functions of the part labeled N. [2 marks]
19. The illustration below shows a farm practice used in the control of external parasites.
    
    
    1. Name the method of parasite control shown in the illustration. [1 mark]
    2. Name two ectoparasites that can be controlled using this method. [1 mark]
       1. ...........................................................................................................................................
       2. ...........................................................................................................................................
    3.  
       1. Name the equipment being used to carry out the practice illustrated above. [1 mark]
       2. State two factors that will lead to maximum effectiveness when using the practice above to control ectoparasites. [2 marks] 
          1.    
          2.  
20. Below is a diagram of a tool used in livestock rearing.
    
    
    1. Identify the tool. [1 mark]
    2. State two uses of the tool. [2 marks]
       2.  
    3. Give two reasons why farmers prefer using the tool. [2 marks]
       1.   
       2.  
21. The illustration below shows a practice carried out in sheep
    .
    1. Identify the practice. [1 mark]
    2. State two reasons for carrying out the practice. [2 marks]
       1.   
       2.  
    3. At what age should the practice named in (a) above carried out? [1 mark]
    4. Give one reason why a hot iron is recommended when carrying out the practice. 1 mark

SECTION C [40 MARKS] ANSWER ONLY TWO QUESTIONS

22.  
    1. Explain seven structural requirements for a grain store. [7 marks]
    2. State the factors considered when selecting livestock for breeding. [8 marks]
    3. Outline the procedure of handling a heifer when administering a liquid
       deworming drug to control internal parasites. [5 marks]
23.  
    1. Describe ten characteristics of a poor layer. [10 marks]
    2. Describe short term tractor servicing. [5 marks]
    3. Explain five maintenance practices of a wheel barrow. [5 marks]
24.  
    1. Describe how a farmer will ensure clean milk production in a dairy farm. [10 marks]
    2. Outline four observations on behaviour of chicks that indicate that temperature
       in a brooder is too high. [4 marks]
    3. Explain six advantages of kenya top bar hive ( K.T.B.H ) in bee keeping. [6 marks]

marking scheme

1. Uses of sleeping yard of a hutch 1 mark
   • Provide shelter against sun/rain
   • Mating
   • Kindling
     2 x ½ = 1 mk
2. Characteristics of roughages 2 marks
   • Bulky
   • High crud fibre content
   • Low in energy and protein/nutrients
   •  Low digestibility
   • Mainly of plant origin
     4 x ½ = 2 mks
3. Categories of diseses. 2 marks
   • Bacteria
   •  Viral
   • Protozoan
   • Nutritional -
     4 x ½ = 2 mks
4. Conditions that reduce quality of hatching eggs 2 marks
   • Small size
   • Candling qualities (doule yolk, blood spots etc
   • Not fertilized
   • Cracked shell
   • Dirty eggs
   • Age (more than 10 days old)
   • Rough shell
     4 x ½ = 2 mks
5. Maintenance practices of a cross cut saw 2 marks
   • Clean to remove dirt
   • Sharpen teeth for efficient cutting
   • Apply engine oil on blade for long storage to prevent rusting
   • Teeth setting for efficiency in cutting.
   • Repair/ replace broken handles to reduce injury
     1 x 2 = 2 mks
6. Limitations of solar power 2 marks.
   • Solar panels/trapping devices are expensive
   • Solar trapping fluctuates depending on weather
   • Solar trapping is limited to day light
   • Require skilled labour to install
     4 x ½ = 2 mks
7. . Breeds of dairy cattle 2 marks
   • Friesian
   • Ayrshire
   • Jersey
   • Guernsey
     4 x ½ = 2 mks
8. Origin of Sahiwal and red poll 1 mark
   1. Pakistan
   2. England
      2 x ½ = 1 mk
9. Symptoms of rinderpest disease. 2 marks
   • Fever
   • Staring coat
   • Discharge from the mouth and nose
   • Watery eyes/lachrimation
   • Diarrhoea & dysentry
   • Red mucous membranes with ulcers
   • Teeth grinding
   • Emaciation
   • Tiredness / inactivity.
   • Dullness
   • Loss of appetite
     4 x ½ = 2 mks
10. Reasons for castrating piglets 2 marks
    • Make boars docile
    • Control inbreeding
    • Improve quality of pork/bacon
    • Hasten fastening/weight gain/growth rate
    • Control breeding
    • Control breeding diseases
      4 x ½ = 2 mks
11. Name two practices carried out in a crush. [1 mark]
    • Milking
    • Dehorning
    • Vaccination
    • praying
    • Taking blood samples
    • Treatment of animals
    • Examination for disease symptoms
    • Identification
    • Hoof trimming
    • AI administration
    • Drenching
12. Give two effects of internal parasites that are harmful to livestock. [1 mark]
    • Damage internal organs
    • Pot belly
    • Indigestion
    • Emaciation
    • Block internal organs
    • Anaemia
    • Rob host its food
13. Give four reasons why farmers steam up dairy cattle. [2 marks]
    • Ensure birth of a healthy calf
    • Build-up energy for parturition
    • Increase and maintain high milk yield after birth
    • Stimulate growth of alveoli cells
    • Promote good health of cow/ mother
    • Provide nutrients for maximum growth of foetus
14. Outline four ways of maintaining good health in livestock. [2 marks]
    • Proper selection and breeding
    • Proper sanitation/proper disposal of carcass
    • Regular vaccination
    • Imposing quarantine
    • Proper feeding/nutrition
    • Control of internal parasites/drenching/deworming
    • Timely treatment of sick animals
    • Control of vectors/external parasites/dipping acc specific methods of external parasite control
    • Proper housing
    • Use of prophy lactic drugs e.g coccidiostats
15. Name four methods of dehorning. [2 marks]
    • Use of dehorning wire/saw
    • Use of rubber band & elastrator
    • Use of dehorning collodion
    • Use of caustic potash
    • Use of disbudding iron
16. Distinguish between cropping and harvesting in fish. [2 marks]
    • Cropping is selective removal of fish of marketable size from the pond; while harvesting is removal of all fish from a pond
      Mark as a whole
17. Give four importances of keeping livestock healthy. 2 marks
    • They grow fast and mature early
    • Are high yielding
    • Produce high quality produce
    • Have long productive life
    • Are economical to keep
    • Do not spread diseases to others and man
    • Minimise losses through death due to disease

SECTION B

18.  
    1. Name the farm animal with this digestive system. [1 mark]
       poultry acc. specific poultries e.g chicken 1 x 1 = 1mk
    2. Name the part labeled.
       L – Crop 1 x 1=1 mk
       M- Gizzard 1 x 1 = 1 mk
    3. State two functions of the part labeled N. [2 marks]
       • Harbour micro-organisms that aid in digestion of cellulose
       • Absorption of water and products of microbial digestion.
19. The illustration below shows a farm practice used in the control of external parasites.
    1. Name the method of parasite control shown in the illustration. [1 mark]
       Hand/ manual spraying rej. Spraying alone. 1 x 1 = 1 mk
    2. Name two ectoparasites that can be controlled using this method. [1 mark
       Ticks/keds/fleas /mites/lice 1 x 1 = 1 mk
    3.  
       1. Name the equipment being used to carry out the practice illustrated above.[1 mark]
          Knap sack sprayer 1 x 1 = 1 mk
       2. State two factors that will lead to maximum effectiveness when using the practice above to control ectoparasites. [2 marks
          • Use correct chemical concentration
          • complete wetting of the animal
          • Restrain animal properly
          • sprayer to be in good working condition
20. Below is a diagram of a tool used in livestock rearing.
    1. Identify the tool. [1 mark]
       Burdizzo
    2. State two uses of the tool. [2 marks]
       • Closed castration of males of livestock
       • Docking
    3. Give two reasons why farmers prefer using the tool. [2 marks]
       • Bloodless
       • Less skill in its use
       • Less stressful to male animal
       • Less painful to male animal
21. The illustration below shows a practice carried out in sheep.
    1. Identify the practice. [1 mark]
       Docking /tailing/ detailing
    2. State two reasons for carrying out the practice. [2 marks]
       • Allow proper contact during mating
       • Allow even distribution of fat/marbling
       • Promote hygiene of animal
       • Minimise incidents of blow fly infestation
    3. At what age should the practice named in (a) above carried out? [1 mark]
       • 1 – 2 wks old
    4. Give one reason why a hot iron is recommended when carrying out the practice. 1 mark
       Cauterize wound/stop bleeding/prevent infection/sterilizer wound 1 x 1 = 1mk

SECTION C

21.  
    1. Explain seven structural requirements for a grain store. [7 marks]
       • Vermin proof ½ mk to keep rats away ½ mk
       • Well aerated ½mk to avoid dampness on store/allow air circulation ½ mk
       • Leak proof ½ mk to prevent dampness in the store ½ mk Free from cracks and crevices ½ mk to prevent pests ½ mk
       • Raised above the ground ½ mk to prevent dampness ½ mk
       • Secure ½ to prevent theft ½ mk
       • Suitable entrance ½ mk for easy loading/off loading ½ mk
       • Spacious; to hold more produce. 7 x 1 = mks
    2. State the factors considered when selecting livestock for breeding. [8 marks]
       • Fertile
       • High Production potential/yield capacity
       • High offspring performance
       • Fast Growth rate
       • High Quality of produce
       • Good Body conformation
       • High Prolificacy
       • Adaptability to local conditions/hardiness
       • Good Temperament/behaviour/ docile
       • Free from Deformities
       • Good Mothering ability
       • Healthy
       • Young animals/ long life span.
       • Able to resist Disease.
         8 x 1 = 8 mks
    3. Outline the procedure of handling a heifer when administering a liquid deworming drug to control internal parasites. [5 marks
       • Restrain heifer in a crush
       • Hold it by the nostrils and lift its head up
       • Open its mouth
       • Place drenching gun/bottle on the tongue
       • Release the dewormer into the mouth as far back as possible
       • Release heifer
         5 x 1 = 5 mks (marking is stepwise i.e if a step is omitted marking stops).
22.  
    1. Describe ten characteristics of a poor layer. [10 marks]
       • Combs and wattles are small/shrunken/dry scaly and pale/shriveled
       • Eyes dull and pale yellow
       • Beak yellowish in colour
       • Abdomen/breast hard and full
       • Vent round, dry and less active
       • Space between keel and pelvic bone small and fits only one to two fingers are
       • Plummage preened and glossy/smooth
       • Moulting early
       • Shanks yellowish in colour
       • Broodiness common
       • Space between pelvic bones small and fits only one finger
       • Temperament lazy and dull
         10 x 1 = 10 mks
    2. Describe short term tractor servicing. [5 marks
       • Check engine oil daily using a dip stick and maintain oil level;
       • Check fuel level at start of every days work and add if necessary;
       • Check water level in radiator and top up if low;
       • Check electrolyte level daily and if low top up;
       • Tighten loose nuts and bolts daily and replace lost ones;
       • Large sediments from sediments bowl should be removed;
       • Check tyre pressure daily and adjust accordingly;
       • Check fan belt tension to ensure it deflects between 1.9 cm – 2.5 cm when pushed;
       • Grease brake shaft bearing and maintain brake fluid level;
    3. Explain five maintenance practices of a wheel barrow. [5 marks]
       • Grease wheel axle to reduce friction.
       • Paint metallic parts to avoid rusting
       • Repair/replace broken/worn out parts respectively for efficient working
       • Clean after use to remove dirt
       • Proper storage to avoid rusting
23.  
    1. Describe how a farmer will ensure clean milk production in a dairy farm. [10 marks]
       • Milking equipment to be clean
       • Clean milking parlour/shed
       • Cows with mastitis to be milked last and milk disposed off.
       • Clean udder before milking
       • Milk to be filtered/sieved/strained
       • Milk to be stored in a cool dry place
       • Cows to be healthy/check cows regularly for milk borne diseases
       • Cover milk after milking
       • Avoid feeds that taint milk/avoid equipment that taint milk
       • Milk to be cooled immediately after milking to reduce bacterial multiplication
       • Clip hair around udder/flanks.
       • Healthy and clean milk man.
         10 x 1 = 10 mks
    2. Outline four observations on behaviour of chicks that indicate that temperature in a brooder is too high. [4 marks]
       • Chicks move away from heat source
       • Panting/opening of beaks
       • Spreading of wings
       • Making abnormal noise
       • Drinking water excessively
       • Chicks may lie flat on their bellies
         4 x 1 = 4 mks (1st four)
    3. Explain six advantages of kenya top bar hive ( K.T.B.H ) in bee keeping. [6 marks]
       • Easy to harvest honey
       • High quality honey produced
       • Easy to inspect combs
       • Brood not damaged during harvesting because of queen excluder
       • Has a higher capacity/ can hold a big bee colony
       • Easy to construct and repair.
       • Relatively secure against pests
       • More wax is harvested as combs are not returned to the hive.
       • The hive is cheap to build and does not require expensive equipment.