History Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Kassu Jet Joint Mock Exams 2023

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Instructions

This paper consists of three sections A, B and C.
Answer all questions in section A, three from Section B and two from Section C.
Answers to all the questions must be written legibly in the answer booklet provided.
Candidates should answer the questions in English

QUESTIONS

Section A (25 marks)
Answer all questions in this section

Give one way in which the study of History and Government instills patriotism. (1 mark)
Identify one source of Kenyan History. (1 mark)
Which is the largest linguistic group in Kenya? (1 mark)
Give two social functions of the Orkoiyot of the Nandi. (2 marks)
State one group that rivaled the Portuguese for the control of the Kenyan Coast in the 16th century. (1 mark)
Identify one contribution of Johann Krapf to the spread of Christianity in Kenya. (1 mark)
Mention two types of direct democracy. (2 mark)
Give one classification of Human Rights. (1 mark)
State two factors that facilitated the establishment of British rule in Kenya. (2 marks)
Identify two mandates of Imperial British East Africa Company in the administration of Kenya. (2 marks)
Give two ways in which the Maasai benefitted from collaborating with the British. (2 marks)
Give the main reason why poll tax was introduced by the colonial government. (1 mark)
State two recommendations of the Lyttelton Constitution of 1954. (2 marks)
Identify two demands made by African Elected Members Organization (AEMO) in 1957. (2 marks)
Name one category of elected members of the National Assembly in Kenya. (1 mark)
State the main role of opposition parties in Kenya. (1 mark)
State two circumstances in which the office County Governor can fall vacant. (2 marks)

Section B (45 marks)
Answer any three questions from this section

1. Give five results of the migration and settlement of the Cushites in Kenya. (5 marks)
2. Describe the political organization of the Luo during the pre-colonial period. (10 marks)
1. State five reasons for the dominance of the Akamba during the Long Distance trade. (5 marks)
2. Explain five factors that favoured the development of plantation agriculture at the coast. (10 marks)
1. Identify five methods used by the nationalists to fight for independence in Kenya. (5 marks)
2. Explain five roles of women in the Mau Mau struggle for independence. (10 marks)
1. Mention five challenges faced by the education sector since independence. (5 marks)
2. Explain five roles of Harambee philosophy in the economic development of Kenya. (10 marks)

Section C (30 marks)
Answer any two questions from this section

1. State three ways of losing Kenyan Citizenship by registration. (3 marks)
2. Explain six effects of conflicts in Kenya today. (12 marks)
1. Identify three units of the Kenya Police Service. (3 marks)
2. Explain six factors that hinder free and fair elections in Kenya. (12 marks)
1. Identify three importance of the National Budget in Kenya. (3 marks)
2. Explain six functions of the National Government of Kenya. (12 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

Section A (25 marks)

Give one way in which the study of History and Government instills patriotism. (1 mark)
1. It enables one to acquire positive attitude towards their country
2. It enables one to be a responsible citizen
3. It enables one to be loyal to his/her country
4. It enables one to develop positive values
  Any 1 point @ 1 mark each (1 mark)
Identify one source of Kenyan History. (1 mark)
1. Archaeology/ Paleontology
2. Anthropology
3. Linguistics
4. Oral tradition
5. Written sources
6. Geology
7. Rock paintings/ art
8. Genetics
9. Electronic sources
  Any 1 point @ 1 mark each (1 mark)
Which is the largest linguistic group in Kenya? (1 mark)
1. Bantu
  1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
Give two social functions of the Orkoiyot of the Nandi. (2 marks)
1. Foretelling the future
2. Presiding over religious functions/ was a religious leader
3. Blessing warriors
4. Rainmaker
5. Medicine man
  Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
State one group that rivaled the Portuguese for the control of the Kenyan Coast in the 16th century. (1 mark)
1. Egyptians
2. Turks
3. Arabs
4. Persians
5. The British
6. Dutch
7. French
  Any 1 point @ 1 mark each (1 mark)
Identify one contribution of Johann Krapf to the spread of Christianity in Kenya. (1 mark)
1. Johann Krapf built a church in Rabai
2. He converted people to Christianity
3. He translated the Bible into Kiswahili
4. He trained the first catechist who later spread the gospel
5. He encouraged other European / missionaries to come to Kenya
6. His exploitation of Kenya led to the opening up of the interior for more missionary activities
  Any 1 point @ 1 mark each (1 mark)
Mention two types of direct democracy. (2 mark)
1. Referendum
2. Plebiscite/Consensus
3. Peoples initiative
4. Exercise the right to recall a non performing member of parliament
  Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
Give one classification of Human Rights. (1 mark)
1. Solidarity rights
2. Social, Economic and Cultural rights
3. Civil and Political Rights
  Any 1 point @ 1 mark each (1 mark)
State two factors that facilitated the establishment of British rule in Kenya. (2 marks)
1. Some African leaders collaborated with the Europeans e.g. the Wanga.
2. Some African rulers were ignorant of the true implication of the protectorate treaties which they signed with the Europeans.
3. The British had superior military weapons compared to African communities.
4. European missionaries who were already operating in Kenya persuaded some African rulers to accept European rule.
5. There was disunity among the Africans.
6. Some Kenyan communities had been weakened by internal wars, diseases and slave trade.
7. There was financial support from home government
8. The discovery of quinine reduced European mortality.
9. European traders persuaded their government to acquire African territories which they considered as their commercial spheres.
  Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
Identify two mandates of Imperial British East Africa Company in the administration of Kenya. (2 marks)
1. To trade with the local communities/ promoted legitimate trade
2. To established administrative posts/ maintained law of order
3. To discouraged slave trading
4. To provide information about the interior of East Africa
5. To build the Uganda Railway
6. To secure the British sphere of influence/ promote the spread of Western civilization
7. To suppress African resistance against the British
8. To pioneer the construction of roads/ improve infrastructure
  Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
Give two ways in which the Maasai benefitted from collaborating with the British. (2 marks)
1. The British supported Lenana against Sendeyo in the 1894 succession dispute.
2. The Maasai were protected against raids by their neighbours
3. Maasai leader/Lenana was made a paramount chief.
4. Maasai were rewarded with cattle acquired from un co-operative
5. They were employed as mercenaries
6. They were given food donations during drought and famine
  Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
Give the main reason why poll tax was introduced by the colonial government. (1 mark)
1. To force Africans to work on European settler farms.
  1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
State two recommendations of the Lyttelton Constitution of 1954. (2 marks)
1. Creation of a multi-racial council of ministers.
2. Elections to be in 1956 -57 in 8 African constituencies.
3. Establishment of an advisory council
4. Africans be allowed to form district wide political parties
  Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
Identify two demands made by African Elected Members Organization (AEMO) in 1957. (2 marks)
1. They demanded for more election of members of the Legislative Council
2. They demanded universal suffrage/ franchise
3. They demanded for an end to the state of emergency
4. They demanded that Kenya highlands to open to all races
5. The demanded for the release of political prisoners
  Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)
Name one category of elected members of the National Assembly in Kenya. (1 mark)
1. Constituency Representatives/Members of Parliament.
2. Women Representatives
  Any 1 point @ 1 mark each (1 mark)
State the main role of opposition parties in Kenya. (1 mark)
1. To provide a system of checks and balances to the government of the day in order to guard against excess / to act a check on the actions of the government/put the government on its toes.
  1 point @ 1 mark (1 mark)
State two circumstances in which the office County Governor can fall vacant. (2 marks)
1. If the governor dies
2. If the governor is impeached
3. If the governor resigns
4. If the governor is mentally incapacitated /becomes insane
5. If the county government is dissolved by the president
6. If he/she is convicted of an offence which attracts an imprisonment of at least 12 months
7. Due to gross violation of the constitution
8. If he/she ceases to be eligible to be elected a County Governor
  Any 2 points @ 1 mark each (2 marks)

Section B (45 marks)

1. Give five results of the migration and settlement of the Cushites in Kenya. (5 marks)
  1. Their settlement led to increased rivalry and conflict over control of resources
  2. The Cushites who had been converted to Islam spread the religion into areas where they settled.
  3. They displaced some communities in areas where they settled like the Pokomo and the Mijikenda from Shungwaya.
  4. They introduced livestock farming into areas where they settled.
  5. They intermarried with communities whom they came in contact with
  6. There was increase in population in areas where they settled.
  7. There was development of trading activities between them and their neighbours.
  8. Bantu borrowed some practice like circumcision and age set system.
  9. Some communities borrowed the art of iron working from them.
  10. They acquired mixed farming from the Bantu.
  11. They caused population redistribution in areas they settled
    Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)
2. Describe the political organization of the Luo during the pre-colonial period. (10 marks)
  1. The family was the lowest political unit and its head was the father referred to as Jaduong
  2. Several related families formed the clan
  3. The Luo was a decentralized community as they did not have an overall leader
  4. There were lineage councils/Buch Dhoot which settled domestic issues
  5. A council of elders existed in the clan called Doho which was responsible for settling inter family disputes
  6. Clans were grouped together to form Oganda headed by a chief elder (Ruoth)
  7. There existed a council of elders/Buch Piny which comprised representatives from each clan and mainly settled inter clan disputes
  8. There was a class of warriors/Thuondi headed by a leader/Osumba Murwayi and its main responsibility was to defend the community
  9. Religious leaders e.g. diviners, medicine men, healers and rainmakers influenced their politics
    Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)
1. State five reasons for the dominance of the Akamba during the Long Distance trade. (5 marks)
  1. The harsh environmental conditions forced them to take part in trading activities.
  2. Ukambani is centrally located between the coast the interior/proximity to the coast.
  3. They had much experience in both local and inter-community trade.
  4. They were skilled hunters and iron workers/availability of trade goods.
  5. Their leaders e.g. Chief Kivoi encouraged trading activities among his people.
  6. There was high demand of their commodities.
  7. Existence of well -established trade or caravan routes
  8. There existed market for trade goods
    Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)
2. Explain five factors that favoured the development of plantation agriculture at the coast. (10 marks)
  1. Presence of good climate/plenty of rainfall in the region
  2. Availability of slave labour
  3. Availability of unoccupied tracts of land in the mainland/Zanzibar
  4. Presence of fertile soils that enabled the growth of many crops.
  5. Availability of export market/high demand of products from East Africa
  6. Seyyid said encouraged settler farmers from Oman and Zanzibar
  7. Availability of water transport.
  8. Seyyid Said’s interest in development of the overall economy of East African possession
  9. Good deep natural harbours.
    Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)
1. Identify five methods used by the nationalists to fight for independence in Kenya. (5 marks)
  1. They used armed struggle against colonial administration
  2. They organized strikes and boycotts as means of challenging the colonial power
  3. They used trade unions to articulate the course of their struggle among the workers
  4. They used their representations in the Legislative Council who pressurized Britain to grant independence to Kenya
  5. They formed social organizations and political parties to press for change
  6. They used mass media to mobilize the people and articulate their grievances
  7. They used independent churches and schools to sensitize African about their political rights.
  8. Africans sent petitions and delegations to the governor and the colonial office in Landon/ international
    Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)
2. Explain five roles of women in the Mau Mau struggle for independence. (10 marks)
  1. They acted as spies/provided intelligence/information to Mau Mau fighters by befriending the home guards/passed information to fighters.
  2. Some women took up arms/fought alongside men.
  3. They coordinated supplies/food/weapons/medicines for Mau Mau fighters.
  4. They encouraged people to join/continue with the struggle.
  5. They composed/sang songs to mobilize/support/motivate fighters/ridicule collaborators.
  6. They participated in the administration of oaths which bound the fighters to stay on course.
  7. They cared/managed the families as men went into the forest to fight.
  8. They raised funds for supporting political activities.
  9. They endured pain and suffering inflicted by the colonial government for the sake of liberation.
    Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)
1. Mention five challenges faced by the education sector since independence. (5 marks)
  1. Inadequate learning facilities like classrooms and laboratories.
  2. Lack of enough qualified teachers in some subjects.
  3. Insufficient funds to adequately remunerate teachers and develop learning facilities.
  4. High dropout rates in secondary schools due to lack of school fees and early pregnancy for girls.
  5. Lack of discipline in learning institutions resulting from drug abuse, immorality and other vices.
  6. High population has led to increased demand for education which the government is unable to tackle.
  7. HIV/Aids/corona pandemic has claimed many lives of teachers and students.
  8. Cultural inhibitions as some communities do not see the need of education their children especially the girl child.
  9. Corruption and mismanagement of learning institutions and embezzlement of funds.
  10. Political interference in learning institutions
  11. Frequent changes and revision of the curriculum has affected the continuity in the education system.
  12. Too many unemployed people with higher education and technical skills discourage the youth from pursuing higher education.
  13. Examination irregularities
    Any 5 points @ 1 mark each (5 marks)
2. Explain five roles of Harambee philosophy in the economic development of Kenya. (10 marks) \
  1. It has promoted a sense of mutual social responsibility, the spirit of working together
  2. It promoted self-reliance and this has reduced overdependence on foreign aid.
  3. Has helped in the re-distribution of wealth between the rich and the poor.
  4. It has supplemented government efforts in funding development projects.
  5. Expansion of education in the country has been realized
  6. Development of agriculture has been realized.
  7. Development of infrastructure like bridges.
  8. Harambee functions have been used to educate the people on development plans.
  9. Soil conservation measures were under taken like tree planting and construction of gabions.
  10. It inculcated hard work among the citizens
  11. Formation of cooperative societies among Kenyans thus development
  12. It encouraged Kenyans to engage in income generating activities
    Any 5 points @ 2 marks each (10 marks)

Section C (30 marks)

1. State three ways of losing Kenyan Citizenship by registration. (3 marks)
  1. If one receives a jail term for a period of three years or more within five years from the period of registration
  2. If one has been convicted of treason or an offence with a penalty of at least seven years of imprisonment or more, any time after registration
  3. If citizenship was obtained through fraud or corruption.
  4. If one associates with a Kenyan enemy or gives out secrets to an enemy or assists the enemy in any way. Any 3 points @ 1 mark each (3 marks)
2. Explain six effects of conflicts in Kenya today. (12 marks)
  1. It leads to deaths/loss of lives
  2. It leads to destruction of property
  3. It leads to displacement of people/refugees
  4. It leads to a state of insecurity
  5. It leads to violation of people’s rights and freedoms
  6. It leads to lack of development in the nation
  7. It leads to suspicion, fear and bad relations among people
  8. It leads to widespread human suffering and misery
  9. It leads to impoverishment of people.
    Any 6 points @ 2 marks each (12 marks)
1. Identify three units of the Kenya Police Service. (3 marks)
  1. The Criminal Investigation Department (CID)
  2. The General Service Unit (GSU)
  3. The Traffic Police
  4. The Police Air wing
  5. The Anti-Narcotics Unit
  6. Diplomatic police unit
  7. Dog Unit.
  8. Kenya Airports Police Unit.
  9. Marine Police Unit
  10. The Anti-Stock Theft Unit (ASTU)
    Any 3 points @ 1 mark each (3 marks)
2. Explain six factors that hinder free and fair elections in Kenya. (12 marks)
  1. Corruption among electoral officials/other players compromises fairness of the electoral process.
  2. Inadequate funding
  3. Election violence during the election period may discourage/turn away potential voters from exercising their democratic right of voting.
  4. Illiteracy of some voters may make them easily misled when voting/exposes them to the danger of being misled.
  5. Incompetent election officials can mismanage the process thereby undermining its effectiveness.
  6. Rigging may interfere with elections where the wrong candidate is declared the winner/right candidate is denied victory.
  7. Lack/inadequate civic education deny the electorate opportunity to learn about the importance of participating in elections.
  8. Poor physical infrastructure where some polling stations may be inaccessible and hence denying voters in such areas a chance to vote/poor transport and communication.
  9. Harassment of voters by supporters of different candidates/parties can prevent voters from voting in certain regions/ exclusive strongholds/zones.
  10. Electoral equipment like BVR Kits can breakdown during elections thereby slowing down the process.
  11. External interference
    Any 6 points @ 2 marks each (12 marks)
1. Identify three importance of the National Budget in Kenya. (3 marks)
  1. It enables the government to source for revenue to finance its activities / programs
  2. To enable prudent use of resources/ avoid wastage
  3. It enables the government to prioritize development according to the needs in the country
  4. It creates confidence among donors/foreign countries/ World Bank/IMF who bridge budget deficit
  5. It helps the government to assess its performance based on set development targets/ the previous year’s performance
  6. It enhances accountability/ transparency of the government in the eyes of the public / through parliamentary watchdog committees
  7. It enhances balance in the country’s revenue and expenditure hence avoiding budget deficit
  8. To enable the government explain to the public the tax structure/ set tax levels
  9. The government is able to set aside some funds to be used in case of emergencies in the course of the financial year
  10. To ensure equitable share of resources and balanced development
  11. To complete already started projects
    Any 3 points @ 1 mark each (3 marks)
2. Explain six functions of the National Government of Kenya. (12 marks)
  1. Developing and implementing foreign affairs and foreign policy.
  2. It handles international trade between Kenya and other countries.
  3. It controls the use of international waters and water sources.
  4. It handles matters pertaining to immigration and citizenship.
  5. Defending the country from external aggression through forming the KDF
  6. Maintaining internal Security through establishing the National Police Service.
  7. It formulates national economic policy and planning for national development.
  8. Providing and maintaining higher education policies and institutions through development of curricular and examinations.
  9. Developing transport and communication infrastructure e.g. roads, railways,
  10. Providing health care through formulation of policy and construction and maintenance of national referral hospitals.
  11. Protecting the environment and national resources.
  12. Protecting the rights of workers by maintaining labour standards and managing industrial relations.
  13. It administers justice by establishing and maintaining an independent Judiciary.
  14. Upholding human rights and freedoms
  15. Fostering national unity by recognizing diversity Any 6 points @ 2 marks each (12 marks)