Geography Paper 1 Questions and Answers - Bunamfan Post Mock 2021 Exams

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES

• Answer all the questions in section A. In section B answer question 6 and any other two questions from this section.

SECTION A

1.  
   1. State how the corriolis force affects the direction of wind. (2 marks)
   2. Give three characteristics of cumulonimbus clouds (3 marks)
2. The table below shows the mean monthly rainfall and temperature for station
   

   Months	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
   Mean monthly rainfall (mm)	15	8	8	13	31	51	51	51	28	25	18	20
   Mean monthly temperature (°C)	−22	−18	−12	−1	4	10	11	11	5	−11	−18	−22

   Describe the climatic characteristics represented by the mean monthly rainfall and temperature table station X.
   (5 marks)
3.  
   1. What is an earthquake (2 marks)
   2. Identify the scales used to measure (2 marks)
      1. The intensity of earthquake
      2. The magnitude of earthquake
4.  
   1. Name two types of boundaries according to the plate tectonic theory (2 marks)
   2. Give three effects of the movement of tectonic plates. (3 marks)
5.  
   1. State three conditions that influence the process of solifluction in mass wasting .    (3 marks)
   2. Give two negative effects of mass wasting on the physical environment (2 marks)

SECTION B
Answer question 6 and ANY OTHER TWO questions from this section.

6. Study the map of kijabe 1;50, 000 (Sheet 134/3) provided and answer the following questions.
   
   1.  
      1. What type of map is the Kijabe (1 mark)
      2. In which hemisphere is the area covered by the Kijabe Map located? (2 marks)
      3. Give the longitudinal extent of the area covered by the Kijabe Map. (2 marks)
   2.  
      1. Covert the linear scale of the map into a statement. (2 marks)
      2. Give six figure grid reference of trigonometrical station 2610. (2 marks)
   3. On the graph paper provided, reduce the area enclosed by Eastings 34 to 40 and Northings 91 to 97 by a scale factor of 2 (3 marks)
      1. On the new map, accurately mark the following;
         1. All weather road bound surface (1 mark)
         2. Forest guard post (1 mark)
         3. Githoito plantation (1 mark)
      2. Give the new scale of the reduced map (2 marks)
   4. Describe the vegetation of the area covered by the map (4 marks)
      1. Citing evidence from the map, explain two factors influencing trade in the area covered by the map (4 marks)
7.  
   1.  
      1. Identify three features found in the sea floor (3 marks)
      2. State three sources of ocean salts ( 3 marks)
   2. Explain how the following factors may cause horizontal movement of ocean water
      1. Prevailing winds (2 marks)
      2. The earth’s rotation (2 marks)
   3.  
      1. Identify two cold ocean currents that flows along the west coast of Africa. (2 marks)
      2. State four characteristics of the currents defined in b (ii) above. (4 marks)
   4.  
      1. Explain three effects of cold ocean currents to the climate of the adjacent land. (6 marks)
      2. You intend to carry out a field study on tides in Mombasa. State the type of information you would collect. (3 marks)
8.  
   1. Describe the following wind erosion processes
      1. Abrasion (2 marks)
      2. Deflation (2 marks)
   2. Use the diagram below to answer the following questions.
         
      
      1. Name the feature marked A and B (2 marks)
      2. State four significances of feature A to the human environment (4 marks)
   3. Using a well-labelled diagram, explain how the following features are formed.
      1. Canyon (6 marks)
      2. Zeugen (6 marks)
   4. State four characteristics of a barchan (4 marks)
9.  
   1.  
      1. Define a coastline (2 marks)
      2. Give three types of a coral reef (3 marks)
   2. Using a well labelled diagram describe the formation of the following coastal landforms.
      1. A Tombolo (6 marks)
      2. Off-shore bar (6 marks)
   3.  
      1. Give three factors that determine the size of a wave in the open sea.  (3 marks)
      2. State three uses of coral reefs (3 marks)
      3. Students from Mombasa high school carried out a field study along the coastline of Indian Ocean. Give the reason for carrying the following items (2 marks)
         • Stop watch
         • Camera
10.  
    1.  
       1. State three characteristics of a maximum thermometer. (3 marks)
       2. Explain how a maximum thermometer is used to measure temperature (6 marks)
    2. Describe
       1. How lake Victoria influences the temperature of the surrounding region. (4 marks)
       2. How south east trade wind. Influence temperature at the coast. (2 marks)
    3.  
       1. Explain two ways in which vegetation adapts to climate. (4 marks)
       2. Describe the characteristics of equatorial climate (6 marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1.  
   1. state how the corriolis force affects the direction of wind. (2mks)
      
      • In the northern hemisphere it deflects winds to the right while in the southern hemisphere it deflects wind in the left.
   2. Give three characteristics of cumulonimbus clouds (3mks)
      
      • They are made of water droplets at the lower level and ice crystals at the upper levels
        
      • They have great vertical extent
        
      • They are big, heavy and black
        
      • The top spreads out into an anvil
        
      • They are associated with heavy rainfall/thunder and lighting
        Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
2. The table below shows the mean monthly rainfall and temperature for station 
   

   Months	J	F	M	A	M	J	J	A	S	O	N	D
   Mean monthly rainfall (mm)	15	8	8	13	31	51	51	51	28	25	18	20
   Mean monthly temperature (°C)	−22	−18	−12	−1	4	10	11	11	5	−11	−18	−22

   Describe the climatic characteristics represented by the mean monthly rainfall and temperature table station X. (5mks)
   • Temperatures are low throughout the year
   • January records the lowest temperature of -220
   • June, July and August record the highest temperatures of 110
   • The annual range of temperature is great 330c
   • The region experiences low rainfall throughout the year (319mm)
   • Lowest rainfall of 8mm is received in February and March
   • Region experience rainfall throughout the year.
   • The highest amount of rainfall 51mm is experience in June and August.
     Any 5 x 1 = 5 marks
3.  
   1. What is an earthquake (2mks)
      • It is a sudden earth movement that causes vibration within the earth’s crust.
   2. Identify the scales used to measure (2mks)
      1. The intensity of earthquake
         • Mercalli scale
      2. The magnitude of earthquake
         • The Ritcher scale
4.  
   1. Name two types of boundaries according to the plate tectonic theory (2mks)
      • Constructive/extension/divergent boundary
      • Destructive/compression/conservative boundary
      • Transform/conservative boundary
   2. Give three effects of the movement of tectonic plates. (3mks)
      • Causes folding
      • Occurrence of vulcanicity
      • Occurrence of earthquakes
      • Causes continental drift
      • Causes structural adjustment/movement of rocks
5.  
   1. state three conditions that influence the process of solifluction in mass wasting (3mks)
      • The presence of a gental slope
      • The occurrence of alternating warm and cold season
      • Presence of a permafrost layer/frozen ground/bedrock
        
      • Unconsolidated saturated weathered materials/debris
        Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
   2. Give two negative effects of mass wasting on the physical environment (2mks)
      • Destruction of vegetation
      • Blockage of rivers/disruption of flow of rivers
      • Exposure of land to agents of soil erosion
      • Loss of life
      • Leads to formation of scars on the land/derelict land
        Any 2 x 1 = 2 marks
6.  
   1.  
      1. What type of map is the Kijabe
         • Topographical map✓ (1mk)
      2. In which hemisphere is the area covered by the Kijabe map located
         • Southern hemisphere ✓✓ (2mks)
      3. Give the longitudinal extent of the area covered by the map
         • 36˚ 30’E ✓ to 36˚ 45’E✓ (2mks)
           N/B To score, Units i.e degrees and minutes
           East must be present
   2.  
      1. Convert the linear scale of the map into a statement
         show the calculations
         
         • 2cm rep 1km✓ (2mks)
           Therefore 1cm rep 0.5km
      2. Give six figure grid reference of trigonometrical station 2610
         • 377938 ± 1
   3.  
           
      1. Reduce the area enclosed by Eastings 34 to 40 and Northings 91 to 97 by a scale factor of 2
         Reduction of the area bound by Eastings 34 to 40and Northings 91 to 97 of Kijabe map ✓
      2. New scale
              1      X ½ =      1         ✓  1: 100,000 ✓(2mks)
         50,000             100,000
   4. Describe the vegetation of the area covered by the map (4mks)
      • The main types of vegetation are forests, scrub, woodland
      • The forest is on the easting parts of the area
      • There is thicket, scattered trees
      • Scattered trees between grid reference 3401 to 3700
      • Bamboo 378970 to 38297 0
   5. Citing evidence from the map, explain two factors influencing trade in the area covered by the map (4 mks)
      • Establishment of roads and railways enables movement in and out of the area
      • Presence of numerous shops, which provide opportunities for trading.
      • Presence of settlement which suggests availability of market for the variety of goods and services.
      • The variety of economic activities such as quarrying, farming shows that the area is productive which encourage trade.
7.  
   1.  
      1. Identify three features found in the sea floor (3mks)
         • Continental shelf
         • Continental slopes
         • Deep sea plain
         • Ocean deeps/trench
         • Ocean ridges
         • Oceanic’s islands
           Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
      2. State three sources of ocean salts ( 3mks)
         • Salt brought to sea by rivers
         • Slats derived from the bed rock of the ocean
         • Magma extruded to the floor of the sea may contain salt/volcanic
         • oil spills- voluntary or accident
         • Effluents from industries
   2. Explain how the following factors may cause horizontal movement of ocean water
      1. Prevailing winds (2mks)
         • When wind blows over the surface of water, it causes the water to flow towards the direction the wind is blowing. This makes water to move horizontally in the process.
      2. The earth’s rotation (2mks)
         • Rotation of the earth deflects winds and currents. In the northern hemisphere, winds and currents are deflected to the right while in southern hemisphere, winds and currents are deflected to the left. This deflection of wind and currents leads to horizontal movement of ocean water.(last points must be mentioned to score)
   3.  
      1. Identity two ocean currents that flow along the west coast of Africa (2mks)
         • Benguela current
         • Canary current
      2. State four characteristics of the current defined in b (ii) above. (4mks)
         • They are cold
         • They flow towards the equator
         • They are weak
         • They are broad
         • They are slow
   4.  
      1. Explain three effects of ocean currents to the climate of Namibia. (6mks)
         • Onshore winds crossing Benguela currents become cold and lower the temperature of adjacent lands.
         • Cold winds are unable to pick up moisture, leading to dry weather on coastal lands.
         • The cold winds subsides on reaching land and this leads to high atmospheric pressure
         • The cold dry winds lead to low humidity.
         • leads to development of cold deserts
           Any 3 x 2 = 6 marks
      2. You intend to carry out a field study on tides in Mombasa. State the type of information you would collect. (3mks)
         • The time of high tides and low tides occur
         • The type of tides
         • The tidal range.
           Any 3 x 1 -= 3 marks
8.  
   1. Describe the following wind erosion processes
      1. Abrasion (2mks)
         • Rocks materials carried by wind scour, grind and polish desert rock surface causing undercutting of rock surface
      2. Deflation (2mks)
         • Wind moves over jolted and soft rocks desert surface dry. Loose materials like dust and fine sand are scooped/rolled on the ground and the lifted to the air by wind.
   2. Use the diagram below to answer the following questions.
      1. Name the feature marked A and B (2mks)
         
         • A - deflation hollow
         • B - an oasis
      2. State four significances of feature A to the human environment (4mks)
         • Contain oasis which are sources of water to the nomadic community
         • Has some feature like oasis which attract settlement and agriculture.
         • The feature is a barrier to transport and communication
         • The features and other associated ones attract tourists who in turn bring in foreign exchange
   3. Using a well-labelled diagram, explain how the following features are formed
      1. Canyon
         
         Diagram – 2mks
         Text- 4mks
         • A river originates from wetter areas and flows to arid area.
         • Vertical erosion occurs on the river valley through abrasion
         • The valley is deepened over a period of time. This leads to the formation of a deep steep sided gorge known as Canyon
      2. Zeugen (6mks)
         
         Diagram- 2mks
         Text- 4mks
         • Rocks with alternating hard and soft rocks that lie horizontally are attached by mechanical weathering.
         • Cracks form on the land rock layer
         • Wind abrasion acts on the cracks deepening them
         • The soft rocks layer is eroded at a faster rate.
         • This leads to the formation of a flat-topped ridge which is separated from another by a furrow. The ridge is known as Zeugen.
   4. State four characteristics of a barchans (4mks)
      • It lies at right angles to the prevailing winds
      • It has two horns
      • It may have a height of 25m and a width of 4m
      • It has a gentle windward side and a steep leeward side
      • Barchans migrates towards the direction of the prevailing winds
      • Barchans occur in groups
9.  
   1.  
      1. Define a coastline (2mks)
         • It is a line reached by the highest storms, waves or demarcated by a cliff.
      2. Name three types of a coral reef (3mks)
         • Fringing reef
         • Barrier
         • A toll
   2. Using a well labelled diagram describe the formation of the following coastal landforms.
      1. A Tombolo (6mks)
         
         Diagram – 2mks
         Text- 4mks
         • Sand and shingle is deposited from a headland seaward by a long shore drift
         • Continued deposition leads to accumulation of sand towards an island forming a spit
         • With tie a bar of shingle/sand with one end attached to the mainland and t6he other to an island is formed. This bar is known as Tombolo
      2. off-shore bar (6mks)
         
         Diagram- 2mks
         Text- 4mksoff-
         • Waves break long before they reach the shore on a roused part of the sea bed.
         • As the waves break, they scoop out sand shingle from the floor of the sea.
         • The sand is thrown forward and is deposited on the roused sea bed
         • With more deposition a ridge of sand and shingle that lies parallel to the short and which is visible during low tide is formed. This is known as an off shore bar.
   3.  
      1. Give three factors that determine the size of a wave in the open sea. (3mks)
         • Distance between two successive crests
         • The energy of the walls
         • Height of the waves i.e distance from crest to trough
         • Steepness of the wall
           Any 3 x 1 = 3 marks
      2. State three uses of coral reefs (3mks)
         • Coral rocks are cut into blocks and are used for building houses by local people.
         • Coral limestone is used as a raw material at Bamburi to manufacture cement
         • The coral rocks at Watamu and Wasini Island attracts tourists who bring in foreign currency.
           Any 3 x 1 = marks
      3. Students from Mombasa high school carried out a field study along the coastline of Indian Ocean. Give the reason for carrying the following items (2mks)
         • Stop watch – to determine the rate which the waves break
         • Camera – to take photograph of various features
10.  
    1.  
       1. State three characteristics of a maximum thermometer. (3mks)
          • It has a narrow graduated glass tube
          • The glass tube is filled with mercury
          • It has metal index
       2. Explain how a maximum thermometer is used to measure temperature (6mks)
          • During the day temperature rises
          • The temperature heat the mercury in the glass tube
          • The mercury expand and pushes the metal index along the glass tube
          • When the temperature fall the mercury contractor
          • It leaves the metal index behind
          • The maximum temperature of the day is obtained by leading the scale at the end of the index which was in contact with the mercury.
    2. Describe:
       1. How Lake Victoria influences the temperature of the surrounding region (4mks)
          • During the day the land around lake Victoria is heated faster than the water, a cool breeze blows from the lake towards the land lowering the temperatures
          • At night the land cools faster than the lake warm air rises from the lake and spreads to the adjacent land cools faster than the lake raising the temperatures
            Any 2 x 2 = 4 marks
       2. How south east trade wind. Influence temperature at the coast. (2mks)
          • The south east trade winds blow over the warm Mozambique currents. They become warm and raise the temperature of the costal lands.
            2 x 2 = 2 marks
    3.  
       1. Explain two ways in which vegetation adapts to climate. (4mks)
          • Some grass dries off during the hot summer and sprout when it rains
          • Some plants are deciduous and shed their leaves during hot summers
       2. Describe the characteristics of equatorial climate -(6mks)
          • Temperatures are high throughout the year (270) since the region receives high isolation.
          • Rainfall in the afternoon, since by this time the ground has received maximum heating leading to formation of clouds.
          • Rain is accompanied by thunder and lightning due to presence of cumulonimbus clouds
          • Diurnal range of temperature is small 30c due to thick cloud cover which prevents temperatures from rising too high or falling very low
          • Skies are usually cloudy because of rapid convection due to high temperatures.
          • Region experiences double maxima due to intense heating of the ground
          • Has permanent low pressure belt due to intense heating