Geography Paper 2 Questions and Answers - Mumias West Pre Mocks 2022

QUESTIONS

SECTION A
Answer all questions in this Section

1. State five reasons for studying Geography.  (5marks)
2.        
   1. Name biological factors influencing agriculture.  (2marks)
   2. State three uses of sugar in Kenya. (3marks)
3.      
   1. Name three main mining methods.  (3marks)
   2. Name two places where Gold is mined in Tanzania. (2marks)
4.      
   1. Outline three characteristics of coniferous forests.  (3marks)
   2. Identify two fibre crops found in the tropical forests. (2marks)
5.      
   1. Name two tourist attraction sites found in Kenya Rift valley.  (2 marks)
   2. State three factors that hinder domestic tourism in Kenya (3 marks)

SECTION B
Answer question 6 and any other questions from this section.

6. The table below shows the prices of sugar in Kenya Shillings per ton in some countries in Africa.
   Use it to answer question a.(i)
   

   YEAR	KENYA	SOUTH AFRICA	TANZANIA	ZAMBIA
   2014	95,400	61,927	68,702	84,447
   2015	111,713	67,462	66,985	93,798
   2016	110,878	65,173	90,649	86,832

   1.      
      1. Draw a divided rectangle 16cm long to represent the prices of sugar in the year 2016. (8 marks)
      2. State two advantages of using divided rectangle to present statistical data.  (2 marks) 
   2. State three physical conditions that favours cocoa farming in Ghana.(3 marks)
   3. Describe stages involved in processing of cocoa from harvesting to marketing.(8 marks)
   4. Apart from making oil give four other uses of oil palm.(4 marks) 
7.      
   1.      
      1. Distinguish between a forest and forestry.(2 marks)
      2. Name two indigenous softwood trees species found in Western Region of Kenya. (2marks)
   2.      
      1. State three characteristics of planted forests. (3 marks)
      2. Name two forest reserves in Western region of Kenya.(2 marks) 
   3.      
      1. State four characteristics of temperate hardwood forests. (4 marks)
      2. Explain three problems which have limited exploitation of tropical hardwood forests in Africa (6marks)
   4. Give the differences between exploitation of softwood forests in Kenya and Canada under the following sub-headings:
      1. Tree species(2 marks)
      2. Mode of exploitation(2 marks)
      3. Marketing  of product  (2 marks)
8.            
   1.      
      1. Give  three  common  methods through which land has been reclaimed in Kenya (3 marks) 
      2. Give two methods that are used to drain swamps in Kenya. (2 marks) 
   2.      
      1. Name two rivers  that supply water to the Mwea irrigation scheme (2 marks) 
      2. Explain how the following factors influenced the establishment of Mwea irrigation scheme.
         Topography (2 marks) 
         Soils (2 marks) 
         Population   (2 marks)
         Government policy      (2 marks
   3.      
      1. Name three areas that make up the Zuider zee reclamation project in the Netherlands.    (3 marks)
      2. Explain four differences between reclamation in Kenya and that of the Netherlands. (8 mks) 
9.        
   1. The diagram below shows  the occurance of petroleum  in the earth’s crust.Use it to answer question a i)
      
      
      1. Name the substance in the areas labelled L,M and N (3marks)
      2. Give three by –products obtained  when crude oil is refined  (3marks)
   2. State five effects of mining on the environment  (5marks) 
   3.            
      1. Describe the stages involved in the processing of trona from lake Magadi.  (6marks)
      2. Explain four ways in which Kenya  has benefited from  the mining of trona on lake Magadi  (8marks) 
10.      
    1.      
       1. Name two types of fish reared in fish farms in Kenya. (2marks)
       2. State four efforts taken by the Kenyan government to improve fish farming. (4marks)
       3. Differentiate between pelagic fishing from demersal fishing. (2marks)
    2. Describe purse seining method of fishing.  (5marks)
    3. Compare fishing in Kenya and Japan under the following headings:
       1. Nature of landscape (2marks)
       2. Market  (2marks)
       3. Climate  (2marks)
    4. Explain the following problems of fishing in Kenya and suggest one possible solution for each.
       1. Pollution.(3marks)
       2. Growth of weeds. (3marks)

MARKING SCHEME

1.        
   • prepares one for career opportunities
   • promotes awareness about the country
   • Promotes international understanding
   • Promotes development of skills and critical thinking
   • provides knowledge about the immediate environment and  and makes us understand the earth which we live in (Any 5xl= 5 marks)
2.        
   1. Weeds and parasitic plants.
      Pests/fungi/diseases. (Any 2 x 1 =2)
   2.      
      • Used as sweetener for a whole range of foods and beverage.
      • Used in the manufacture of sweets, chocolates. Spirits, soft drinks and juices.
      • Used as a sweetener of syrup in the food canning industry.
      • Brown course sugar and molasses are used in the manufacture of local brews.
      • Molasses used as a sweetener for livestock feeds.
      • Molasses used in the manufacture of ethanol acetone and ethyl acetate.
      • Filter cake from filtration process during manufacture of sugar is used as manure in
      • The fields near the factory. (Any 3 x I = 3mks)
3.      
   1.      
      • opencast mining (3mks)
      • Underground mining
      • Alluvial mining
      • Submarine method Any 3 x 1  =  3 mks
   2.      
      • Mpanda
      • Musoma
      • Lupa
      • Mwanza Any 2 x 1  = 2mks)
4.      
   1.        
      • trees are conical in shape
      • occurs in pure stands
      • trees grow tall and straight
      • trees have needle-like leaves
      • trees are evergreen
      • trees ahve thick barks
      • trees have shallow fibrous root system Any 3 x  1   =  3mks
   2.      
      • flax
      • Jute
      • Palm Any 2 x 1 =  2mks)
5.      
   1.      
      • Lakes e.g Nakuru, Baringo, Naivasha, Elementaita.
      • Flamingoes / birds.
      • People’s culture.
      • Mining sites e.g Kariandusi.
      • Nakuru National park.
      • Hot springs / geysers / fumaroles / geothermal.
      • Menengai crater.
      • Water falls – Thomson falls.
      • Wildlife.
      • Pre-historic sites e.g Kapenguria.
      • Sport tourism e.g sport fishing, marathon.
   2.      
      • Negative attitude towards local tourism by the citizens.
      • High cost of accommodation in the lodges and hotels discourages many people.
      • Poor transport and communication network of roads leading to the parks and other attractive sites.
      • Preferential treatment gives to the foreign tourists discourage locals.
      • Inadequate knowledge on the tourist attractive sites.
6.        
   1.      
      1. 110,878 + 65,173 + 90,649 + 86,832 = 353,532 (1mark)
         Length of bars
         Kenya = 110878 x 16 = 5.01cm = 5cm (1/2mark)
                       353532
         South Africa =  65173   x 16 = 2.95 cm = 3cm (1/2mark)
                                353532
         Tanzania = 90649  x 16 = 4.10cm = 4cm (1/2 mark)
                          353532
         Zambia =  86832  x 16 = 3.93cm = 4cm (1/2 mark)
                         353532
         Divided rectangle showing prices of sugar in 2016
         

         KENYA

         +    +      +     +   + TANZANIA +     +    +    +    +    +

         O    OOOO ZAMBIA  O       OOOO

         /      /      /      /  / SOUTH AFRICA    /     /    /    /        /    /     /      /      /     /

         Title (1mark)
         Segments = mark each (4marks)
         Calculations = ½ mark each = (2 marks)
         Rectangle (1mark)
         Total (8marks)
      2. statistical data (2marks)
         It gives a clear visual impression
         It allows for comparison
         Easy to read and interpret
         Can be used to present a wide range of data.
         (2 x 1 = 2marks)       
   2.      
      • Well distributed rainfall throughout the year to enhance growth of cocoa.
      • High rainfall / 1300 – 1500 mm per year to enhance growth of cocoa
      • High temperature 24-3ºc to enhance the growth of cocoa
      • Deep soils for proper anchorage
      • Well drained soils for high production
      • High humidity 70 -80% to enhance availability of moisture in the soil
      • Undulating low lands 0-70m above sea level
      • Sunshine for ripening of cocoa pods
      • Shade from strong sun rays for the seedlings
      • Shelter from strong winds for protection
   3.      
      • Pods are cut using sharp knives
      • the pods are collected and pilled at a central place
      • the pods are split open using a sharp knife
      • the beans are scooped by hand
      • the cocoa beans are heaped on mats and covered with banana leaves to ferment  for 5-6 days as the pulp drains away.
      • The fermented beans are washed and cleaned
      • The beans are spread on tables covered with mats to dry in hot sun
      • the beans are turned frequently until they turn brown
      • the dry beans are packed in bags
      • transported to the buying centers
      • the beans weighed, graded ready for export.(Any 8 x 1 = 8marks)
   4.    
      • the leaves are used for roofing
      • the shells / fibers are used for fuel
      • the leaves are used for making baskets / hats/ mats/brooms
      • the stems are used as building poles.
      • the sap  is used for making wine / alcoholic drinks
      • crushed nuts are used for animal feeds / fertilizer(Any 4 x 1 = 4marks)
7.      
   1.      
      1. A forest is a continuous growth of trees and undergrowth covering large tracts of land while Forestry is science of developing, cultivating and managing forest resources.
      2. Cedar / juniper
         Podo
   2.      
      1.        
         • consist of one / pure tree species
         • Trees occur in rows
         • harvested at the same time
         • trees are mainly softwood
         • trees mature fast
         • Trees are easy to exploit / work on
         • logs are light hence easy to transport(Any 3 x 1 = 3marks)
      2. Kaptagat
         Malava
         Mt. Elgon
         Kakamega
         Mau
         Cheranganyi (2 x 1 = 2marks)
   3.                
      1.      
         • trees are deciduous and they shed leaves in autumn then remain leafless in winter 
         • Has a fewer number of trees species per unit area compared to tropical hardwoods
         • trees have bread leaves
         • Most trees e.g redwoods are durable and strong
         • trees are less bulky so easier to exploit
         • most trees are of high commercial value(Any 4 x 1 = 4marks)
      2.      
         • There is a wide variety of tree species per unit area thus make exploitation difficult
         • The buttress roots make the trees difficult to cut / haul/ cumbersome to fall
         • Forests have dense undergrowth trees are closely set thus exploitation / felling of trees is hard. Trees take long to mature 65-70 years / 100 years hence difficult to regenerate to sustain exploitation
         • The forests are habitat to dangerous wild animals make exploitation insecure
         • The hot and humid conditions encourage pests and diseases which are harmful to the lumbers’ and also the trees
         • The heavy rain throughout the year lead to muddy roads hence harder transportation of logs.
         • The logs are hard and massive hence difficult to cut and transport
         • Inadequate capital limit the use of modern techniques of exploitation of forest(Any 3 explained pointed x 2 = 6 marks)
   4.        
      1.      
         • In Kenya the tree species comprise of both exotic and softwoods while in Canada the tree species are mainly indigenous and are of coniferous type.
         • In Kenya the indigenous softwoods are Podo, African pencil, cedar and the exotic are cypress, fir, and wattle while in Canada the main tree species are pines, spruce and forg.(Any 1 x 2 = 2marks)
      2. In Kenya workers are transported daily to the logging sites since there are not camps in the forest for workers / workers live nearby while in Canada logging involves setting up of settlement for workers within the region being exploited /harvested.
      3. Kenya consumes most of the products locally but some are exported to Arabic countries, USA and Europe while in Canada most products are exported to USA, Europe, Britain but some is consumed locally.(1 x 2 = 2marks)
8.        
   1.        
      1.      
         • Irrigation
         • Tsetse fly control
         • Planting of trees / afforestation
         • Flood control any 2 × 1 = 2 marks 
      2.      
         • Construction of drainage pipes.
         • Digging open ditches / canals.
         • Pumping out water. any 2 × 1 = 2 marks 
   2.      
      1.      
         • Thiba River
         • Nyamindi river
         • Murubaru river. any 2 × 1 = 2 marks 
      2. Topography
         • The gently slopping / undurating land makes it possible for water to flow by gravity onto / out of the irrigated land. 
         • The gently slopping land allows for mechanization which allows large areas to be put under cultivation. any 1 × 2 = 2 marks 
           Soils
         • Presence of black cotton soil which retains water for a long time suitable for cultivation of rice . any 1 × 2 = 2 marks 
           Population
         • The area was originally sparsely populated which enabled large areas to be put under cultivation / very few people were displaced thus it as cheaper to start the scheme. any 1 × 2 = 2 marks 
           Government policy
         • There was need to keep political detainees busy / use them to provide free labour. This made the colonial government to set up Mwea where scheme there was a large detention camp. any 1 × 2 = 2 marks 
   3.      
      1.      
         • North Eastern folder
         • South Flavoland
         • East flavoland
         • Markerward
         • Wie ringer meer polder.(any 3 × 1 = 3 marks)
      2.        
         • In Kenya the reclaimed land is relatively small while areas reclaimed in the Netherlands are large. 
         • In Kenya irrigation is used as a means of reclaiming dry areas while irrigation in the Netherlands is used to lower salinity of the soil in reclaimed lands. 
         • In Kenya simple methods like digging canals ditches to drain water from the land while in the Netherlands highly advanced methods like draining land from the sea/ creating a polder are used. 
         • In Kenya dykes are used to control water floods while in the Netherlands dykes protect the reclaimed land from invasion by the sea. 
         • In Kenya land is reclaimed from marginal areas and swamps while in the Netherlands it is from the sea. 
         • Drought resistant crops are planted in marginal areas while in the Netherlands hardy crops lie oats, barley are planted in the polders. 
         • In Kenya there is low market for irrigated crops while in the Netherlands there is a large market for irrigated crops. (any 4 × 2 = 8 marks Comparison must be complete to score. ) 
9.        
   1.      
      1. L-Oil
         M-Underground water
         N-Natural gas
      2. Bi lumen
         Wax
         Lubricants such as grease
         Petrochemicals
   2. Mining causes
      Dereliction of land
      Pollution of water and land 
      Disruption /lowering of  the water table
      Instability of basement rock 
      Destruction of  bio diversity 
      Soil erosion
      Wastage  of agricultural land
   3.            
      1.        
         • On  reaching the factory ,trona  is  separated from  water by being put on large sieve –like trays
         • The water from the trona is  directed  back into the lake 
         • The trona is then washed  to remove  impurities such as mud and  salt.It is heaped on the ground  to dry
         • After drying ,it is  heated  in  huge cylinders called  desiccators .The  heating separates sodium carbonate (soda ash) from sodium   bi -carbonate .
         • When heating is   complete, the soda ash is allowed to cool.
         • Soda ash is  then ground  into  poweder and sieved
         • The powder is packed in paper or jute bags, ready for transportation to the market. 
      2.        
         • Through exporting trona ,the country erans  foreign exchange  which  is used  to important essential items  like  machinery
         • The mining  of trona  has created employment to many Kenyans improving their living standards it has led  to establishment of industries by providing raw materials  e.g glass industries
         • It has led to provision of social amenities e.g hospitals, schools hence improving living standards.
         • Mining of trona has stimulated  the development of transport  lines e.g  it has  led to the growth of  Magadi town.
         • The  company  that  runs  the mining  of trona  has  improved  the living standards of  the local  people by providing free water for domestic and livestock use
         • The government earns revenue through taxation of the earnings from the sale of soda ash.
10.      
    1.      
       1. Tilapia
          Trout
          Mudfish Any 2x1mks
       2.      
          • Extension officers advise farmers on the need to set up ponds and to introduce fish in their diet.
          • Lake Basin authority has set up fish ponds and hatcheries as demonstration farms e.g. at Kibos, Kabaru, Aruba, Homabay to provide fingerlings to farmers.
          • Fisheries department provides technical aid and offers financial assistance to fish farmers.
          • Public campaign by the government has made communities that previously never ate fish to set up fish farms for subsistence and commercial purposes. 4xl= 4mks
          • Pelagic fishing involves the catching of fish that swim close to the water.
          • Surface while demersal fishing involves the catching of fish at the bottom of deep water bodies where the water is cool/at the bottom of the continental shelf.
    2.      
       • It uses two boats, one large and one small.
       • It uses large net.
       • The net has floats on top and weights at the bottom to keep in a vertical position while in water.
       • The fishermen begin by locating a shoal/area which has fish.
       • The string at the bottom of the net is pulled to close the net at the bottom and trap the fish.
       • The net is pulled out of the water and the fish hauled into a large boat for preservation and transportation to the shore.(Any 5x1=5mks)
    3.        
       1. Japan has rugged mountainous landscape which hinders agriculture; hence most people turn to fishing as an alternative source of food while in Kenya most of the land favours agricultural activities so many people are engaged in agriculture hence only a small number of people practice fishing. (2mks)
       2. There is limited market for fish as most communities in Kenya do not have a fish eating culture while in Japan the large population and surrounding nations provide a ready market. Japan has an established fish eating culture.  (2mks)
       3. Kenya is located with tropical latitudes leading to warm climates conditions which limit the growth of plankton while Japan is within the temperate latitudes leading to cool climatic conditions which are ideal for the growth of plankton.
    4.    
       1.      
          • Chemicals washed into rivers, lakes and seas as well as impurities produced by manufacturing industries and domestic waste/pollute fishing grounds killing fishing.
          • Oil spills over the ocean pollutes the sea depriving the fish oxygen and most of them die.
          • Sewage disposal from many urban areas have destroyed fish habitats.
          • Solution- proper legislation should be put in place to check the disposal of industrial waster into the fishing grounds, inspection should be carried out to regulate waster disposal. 
       2.    
          • Growth of water hyacinth in Lake Victoria chokes the fishing boats Lake Naivasha has been affected by a weed known as Salvinia Molesta which forms a thick barrier on the water surface hindering the penetration of sunlight for the growth of plankton.
          • Solution: Mechanical and biological removal of the weeds.